Matenda a Anorexia ndi Bulimia Mbiri Yake, Ngozi Yake

“Chakudya chimapereka ntchito yolimba kwambiri ku malingaliro a munthu kuposa chinthu chilichonse chomwe chingapimidwe m’ma calorie kapena magalamu.”—Janet Greeson, mlembi.

ANOREXIA ndi bulimia ndiwo matenda ofala kwambiri okhudza kadyedwe. Alionse ndi osiyana ndi anzake. Koma monga mmene tionere, onse ndi oopsa—mwina ngakhale akupha.

Anorexia—Kudzimana Chakudya

Odwala Anorexia, omwe amatchedwa kuti anorexics, amakana kudya kapena amadya pang’ono kwambiri chotero amakhala opanda chakudya m’thupi. Lingalirani za Antoinette mtsikana wazaka 17, amene anati nthaŵi ina sikelo yake inatsika kufika pa makilogalamu 37—kumene n’kutsika kwakukulu kwa mtsikana wamtali masentimita 175. Iye anati, “Sindinkadya chakudya chokhala ndi ma calorie oposa 250 patsiku ndipo ndinkalemba m’buku chilichonse chomwe ndadya.”

Odwala anorexia amaopa kwambiri chakudya ndipo mwina amaopa kwambri kunenepa. Heather anati, “Ndinkalavulira chakudya papepala n’kumanamizira kuti ndikupukuta pakamwa.” Susan ankachita maseŵero olimbitsa thupi moposa muyeso kuti thupi lake lichepeko. Iye anati, “Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse ndinkathamanga makilomita 12 kapena kusambira kwa ola limodzi, ndikapanda kutero ndinkada nkhaŵa kapena kudziona kuti ndachita kenakake koipa. Ndinkasangalala m’maŵa uliwonse, chisangalalo changa chinali chakuti nthaŵi zonse sindinkalemera kuposa makilogalamu 45.”

Chodabwitsa n’chakuti, anthu ena odwala anorexia amakhala odziwa bwino ntchito yophika ndipo amaphika chakudya chabwino chimene iwo eni amakana kudya. Antoinette anati, “Pamene zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri, ndinkaphika chakudya chilichonse kunyumba ndiponso ndinkakonza chakudya chonse chakuti mlongo wanga wamng’ono ndi mchimwene wanga atenge kuti akadye masana. Sindinkawalola kuyandikira firiji. Ndinkangoona ngati kuti khichini yonse ndi yanga.”

Malinga ndi buku lakuti A Parent’s Guide to Anorexia and Bulimia, ena odwala anorexia “amayamba kukhala aukhondo mopambanitsa ndipo mwina angayambe kumanena kuti banja lonselo liyambe kumakhala ngati iwowo. Safuna kuti magazini kapena patapata kaya kapu yomwera khofi ikhale pamalo osayenera ngakhale kwa kanthaŵi kochepa chabe. Iwo amatheka kuyamba kumachita ukhondo mopambanitsa pathupi lawo ndi kaonekedwe kawo, kumatha maola ambiri akusamba atakhoma kukhomo osalola kuti wina aloŵe kuti akonzekere popita kusukulu kapena kuntchito.”

Koma nanga nthenda imeneyi yotchedwa kuti anorexia imayamba bwanji? Kaŵirikaŵiri achinyamata—makamaka atsikana—amafuna kuti achepetseko thupi lawo. Koma akachepetsa kufika pamene amafunapo sakhutira. Akayang’ana pagalasi, amaona kuti adakali wonenepa, ndiye amayambiranso kuti achepetsekonso thupi kuti zikatero ndiye akhala bwino. Amapitiriza zimenezi kufikira kuti amachepa thupi ndi 15 peresenti kuyerekeza ndi mmene zimafunikira kukhalira kwa munthu wausinkhu wake.

Zikafika pamenepa anzake ndiponso abale ake amayamba kudera nkhaŵa kuti munthuyo akuoneka wowonda, mwinanso wofooka kwambiri. Koma wodwala anorexia amaona zinthu mosiyanako. Alan, mnyamata wotalika masentimita 170 amene sikelo yake inatsika kufika pa makilogalamu 33, anati, “Sindinkaganiza kuti ndine woonda kwambiri. Pamene ukuwonda m’pamenenso malingaliro ako amasokonekera ndipo suona bwino mmene ukuonekera.”a

Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, matenda a anorexia angathe kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu pa thanzi la munthu, monga osteoporosis (kufooka kwa mafupa) ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso. Nthaŵi zina zinthu zikhoza kufika povuta kwambiri. Heather anati, “Dokotala wanga anandiuza kuti ndalimana zakudya zofunika thupi langa kwa nthaŵi yaitali mwakuti ndikanapitiriza kadyedwe kanga ndiye kuti mkupita kwa miyezi iŵiri, ndikanafa chifukwa chosowa zakudya m’thupi. The Harvard Mental Health Letter inanena kuti mkati mwa zaka khumi, pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya azimayi omwe anali ndi anorexia amamwalira.

Bulimia—Kudya Kwambiri ndi Kuchotsa Zakudyazo M’thupi

Nthenda ya kudya yotchedwa bulimia nervosa chizindikiro chake ndi kuyamba kudya kwambiri, mwina kudya mpaka ma calorie 5,000 kapena kuposerapo ndiye kenaka kuchotsa zakudyazo m’mimba mwakusanza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.b

Mosiyana ndi anorexia, bulimia sidziŵika msanga. Wodwalayo sikuti amakhala wowonda modabwitsa ayi, ndipo kadyedwe kake kangaoneke ngati kuti kali bwino—kwa ena. Kwa wodwala bulimia, iyeyo sakhala ali bwino konse. Iye amakhala wokonda chakudya kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse. Melinda wazaka 16 anati, “Sindinkasamala za anthu pamene ndinkadya kwambiri ndi kumasanza. Ndinaiwalako zomasangalala ndi anzanga.”

Geneen Roth, mlembi ndiponso mphunzitsi wa nkhani zokhudza vuto la kadyedwe, anati kudya kwambiriko kumakhala “vuto la mphindi 30, vuto losaletseka.” Iye anati panthaŵi imene amadya kwambiriyo ‘samadera nkhaŵa chilichonse—kaya anzake kapena abale ake. . . Samadera nkhaŵa chilichonse koma chakudya basi.” Mtsikana wina wotchedwa Lydia wazaka 17 analongosola za vuto lake mwanjira ina. Iye anati, “Ndimadzimva ngati chotayamo zinyalala chimene mukhoza kuthiramo icho chizigaya n’kumataya. Ndiye n’kumangobwerezabwereza zomwezo.”

Odwala bulimia amakhala ndi nkhaŵa kuopa kuti anenepa chifukwa chakuti akudya kwambiri. Mwamsanga atangotha kudya, amadzichititsa kusanza kapena kumwa mankhwala kuti achotse chakudyacho m’thupi chisanafike poti n’kuloŵerera kukhala mafuta m’thupi.c Ngakhale kuti zimenezi zingaoneke zonyansa, ovutika ndi bulimia saziona motero. “Nancy Kolodny, wogwira ntchito zaumoyo anati, “Pamene ukudya kwambiri ndiye n’kumasanza m’pamenenso umaziona monga zosavuta. Malingaliro amene unali nawo poyamba odana ndi machitidwe otero mwamsanga amaloŵedwa mmalo ndi malingaliro ena okulimbikitsa kuchita zimenezo.

Bulimia ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa zakudya m’mimba mwanjira yomasanza kungapangitse kuti m’kamwa muwonongeke chifukwa cha acid wochokera m’mimba, amene angawononge mano a wodwalayo. Mchitidwewu ungathe kuwononganso pakhosi pa wodwalayo, chiwindi chake, mapapo ndi mtima. Ngati azichita kwambiri, kusanza kumeneku kukhoza kupangitsa kuti chifu ching’ambike ndipo mwinanso kufa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwambiri kungathenso kukhala kwangozi kwambiri. Kungapangitse kuti matumbo asamagwire bwino ntchito yake ndipo kupangitsa kuti munthu azitseguka m’mimba kosalekeza ndipo mwina kumatuluka magazi m’matumbo. Mongofanana ndi kusanza kwa nthaŵi zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kukhoza kupangitsa kuti munthu afe.

Malinga ndi National Institute of Mental Health, anthu opezeka ndi vuto la kudya nthaŵi zonse akumka nachuluka. Kodi chimapangitsa mtsikana kumaseŵera ndi imfa mwakumadzimana chakudya n’chiyani? N’chifukwa chiyani wina amakonda kudya kwambiri ndiye n’kuyamba kumadandaula chifukwa chakuti wanenepa kwambiri ndiye n’kukakamizika kuchotsa m’thupi mwake chakudya chomwe wadya kalecho? Mafunso amenewa ayankhidwa m’nkhani yotsatira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]