Zikhulupiriro—Kodi N’zofala Motani Lerolino?

ZIMACHITIKA kulikonse—kuntchito, kusukulu, m’mabasi, ndiponso m’misewu. Ukayetsemula, anthu omwe simunakumanepo n’komwe, ongodutsa, amanena kuti: “Mulungu akudalitseni” kapena kungoti “Akudalitseni.” Pali mawu ofananawo m’zinenero zambiri. M’Chijeremani yankho lake amati “Gesundheit.” Aluya amati “Yarhamak Allah,” ndipo anthu a ku Polynesia, Kummwera kwa nyanja ya Pacific amati “Tihei mauri ora.”

Pokhulupirira kuti mawu ameneŵa ndi ulemu chabe wozikidwa pa mwambo wachikhalidwe, mwina n’chifukwa chake simunkaganizako za chifukwa chimene anthu amanenera zimenezi. Komatu, mawu ameneŵa anayamba chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro. Polankhulapo za mawu ameneŵa, Moira Smith, woyang’anira mabuku pa sukulu yotchedwa Folklore Institute ku Yunivesite ya Indiana ku Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A., anati: “Anachokera ku lingaliro loti ukayetsemula ndiye kuti wayetsemula moyo wako.” Chotero akati “Mulungu akudalitseni,” ndiye kuti akupempha Mulungu kuti abwezeretse moyowo.

Ndithudi, anthu ambiri angavomereze kuti kukhulupirira kuti moyo umachoka m’thupi lanu mukamayetsemula n’kopanda tanthauzo. Choncho, n’zosadabwitsa kuti Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary imati mawu akuti zikhulupiriro amatanthauza “chikhulupiriro chinachake kapena zochita zinazake zobwera chifukwa cha umbuli, kuopa zinthu zosadziŵika, kudalira ufiti kapena malodza ngakhalenso kudzinamiza kuti pali chinthu china chimene chimachititsa zinthu.”

N’chifukwa chake dokotala wina wa m’zaka za zana la 17 ananena kuti zikhulupiriro zomwe zinkachitika m’nthaŵi yake, zinali “zolakwitsa za anthu wamba” zochitidwa ndi osaphunzira. Chotero, pamene anthu anali kuloŵa m’zaka za zana la 20 zimene zili zotsogola pa za sayansi, The Encyclopa̗dia Britannica ya mu 1910 linaneneratu mwachidaliro za nthaŵi imene “anthu adzamasuke kotheratu ku zikhulupiriro.”

N’kofala Monga Kale

Mawu achidaliro omwe ananenedwa zaka makumi asanu ndi zitatu zapitazo anali osatsimikizika, chifukwa chakuti zikhulupiriro zazika mizu monga kale. Kukhalitsa kotereku ndiwo mkhalidwe wa zikhulupiriro. M’chingelezi mawu akuti “zikhulupiriro” amati superstition ndipo amachokera ku mawu achilatini akuti super, amene amatanthauza kuti “pamwamba” ndipo mawu akuti stare, amatanthauza kuti “kuimirira.” Chotero, asilikali omwe anapulumuka pa nkhondo anali kuwatcha kuti superstites, chifukwa choti akhala ndi moyo kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuposa asilikali anzawo kunkhondoko, m’lingaliro limeneli anali “kuimirira” pamwamba pa anzawowo. Chifukwa cha mawu ameneŵa, buku lakuti Superstitions (Zikhulupiriro) linati: “Zikhulupiriro zimene zidakalipobe mpaka lero zapyola zoyesayesa zambiri zofuna kuzithetsa.” Taonani zitsanzo zochepa chabe zosonyeza kukhalitsa kwa zikhulupiriro.

◻ Bwanamkubwa wa mzinda wina ku Asia atafa mwadzidzidzi, anam’fedwa ogwira ntchito kunyumba yake yolemekezeka analangiza bwanamkubwa woloŵa m’malo mwa wakufayo kuti akaonane ndi wamaula, ndipo iye ananena kuti zinthu zina zamkati ndi kunja kuzungulira nyumbayo zisinthidwe. Antchitowo anaganiza kuti kusintha kumeneko kudzachotsa masoka.

◻ Pulezidenti wa kampani ina yolemera kwambiri ku United States amayenda ndi mwala wapadera nthaŵi zonse. Kuchokera pamene anapambana koyamba pa chionetsero cha zamalonda, mkaziyu amakana kunyamuka kunyumba kwake opanda kamwala kameneka.

◻ Asanamalize zokambirana zofunika zokhudza bizinesi, akuluakulu azamalonda a ku Asia kaŵirikaŵiri amayamba afunsa malangizo kwa m’losi.

◻ Wochita mpikisano wothamanga, ngakhale kuti amakonzekera kwambiri, akapambana amathokoza malaya omwe anavala. Chotero amapitiriza kuvala malaya omwewo ali osachapa pa mipikisano ina m’tsogolo.

◻ Wophunzira wina anagwiritsa ntchito cholembera chinachake polemba mayeso ndipo anakhoza bwino. Kuchokera pamenepo iye amaona kuti cholemberacho “n’chamwayi.”

◻ Patsiku la ukwati, mkwati amalinganiza mosamala zovala zake za paukwati kotero kuti pakhale “zina zakale, zina zatsopano, zina zobwereka, ndi zina zabuluwu ndipo amakhulupirira kuti akatero adzakhala ndi ukwati wabwino.”

◻ Munthu akutsegula Baibulo patsamba lililonse losalidziŵa ndi kuŵerenga mawu omwe wayamba kuwaona, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti mawu amenewo am’patsa chitsogozo chenicheni chomwe akufuna pa nthaŵiyo.

◻ Pamene ndege yaikulu yonyamula anthu ikundondoŵa mwamkokomo kuti iuluke, anthu ambiri m’ndegemo akuchita chizindikiro cha mtanda. Ena akugwiragwira kachitsulo komwe pali chithunzi cha Christopher “Woyera” paulendo wonsewo.

Mwachionekere, ngakhale lero zikhulupiriro n’zofala kwambiri. Choncho, Stuart A. Vyse wachiŵiri kwa polofesa wa zamaganizo pa Connecticut College analemba m’buku lake lotchedwa Believing in Magic—The Psychology of Superstition kuti: “Ngakhale kuti tikukhala m’dziko lotsogola kwambiri pa za sayansi, zikhulupiriro n’zofala zedi monga mmene zinalili kale.”

Zikhulupiriro zazika mizu kwambiri lerolino kotero kuti anthu oyesa kuzithetsa alephera. N’chifukwa chiyani izi zili chomwechi?