Manda a Pansi pa Nthaka a ku Odessa Ndi Ochititsa Chidwi

PANSI pa mzinda wokongola wa Odessa womwe uli pafupi ndi Nyanja Yakuda ku Ukraine pali manda aakulu kwambiri okhala ndi zigawo zambirimbiri. Manda amenewa ndi aatali makilomita 2,500 ndipo mwina ndi aakulu kwambiri pa dziko lonse. Ndipo nyumba inayake yakale itakonzedwanso komanso kupakidwa kumene pulasitala, inapezeka kuti ili ndi mng’alu waukulu. Zimenezi zinachititsa mwiniwake wa nyumbayo kudandaula kuti: “Manda omwe ali pansi pa nyumbayi ndi amene akuchititsa kuti nyumbayi ikhale ndi ming’alu.”

Paipi ya madzi ikaphulika kapena msewu ukakhuvukira kapena pakachitika vuto lina lililonse lofanana ndi limeneli ku Odessa, anthu amangoti chachititsa ndi manda a pansi pa nthaka.

Kodi chinachitika n’chiyani kuti mandawa akhale ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana? Kodi anthu amene amakhala pamwamba pake amakhudzidwa bwanji? Tinapeza mayankho a mafunsowa titapita kukaona mandawa.

Ulendo wa Pansi pa Nthaka

Basi imene tinakwera inanyamuka pamalo okwerera basi a ku Odessa itadzaza ndi anthu odzaona malo kuphatikizapo ana a sukulu. Tili m’njira, munthu amene ankatiperekeza ankatiuza zina ndi zina zokhudza mbiri ya mandawa.

Anatiuza kuti mandawa anayamba kukumbidwa m’zaka za m’ma 1830. Panthawiyi anthu ankafuna zinthu zomangira nyumba zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupeza. Ndiye popeza kuti pansi pa mzindawu panali miyala inayake imene amapangira simenti komanso laimu, anthu ambiri ankachita malonda oswa ndi kugulitsa miyalayi. Ntchito yoswa miyalayi inkawabweretsera anthu ndalama zambiri, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mandawa akhale ndi zigawo zambirimbiri.

Pasanapite nthawi yaitali mandawa anakula kwambiri moti palibe amene amadziwa kuti anadutsa pati. Anthu ankakumba pansi kwambiri, mwina mamita 35 kupita pansi. Nthawi zina, ankakumba molowera mbali zosiyanasiyana. Miyala ikatha pamalo amakumbawo, ankapita malo ena. M’kupita kwa nthawi zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mandawo akhale ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zinakafika mpaka kumadera akumidzi.

Kenako basi yathu inafika m’tauni yaing’ono ya Nerubaiske yomwe ili kumpoto kwa mzinda wa Odessa. Titayenda pang’ono tinafika pakhomo la manda, lomwe linali ndi chitseko chachikulu chachitsulo. Munthu amene ankatiperekeza uja anatiuza kuti: “Posachedwapa tilowa kumalo kumene kunkabisala asilikali a dziko la Soviet Union panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Mudziwa mmene anthuwa ankakhalira panthawi imeneyi.” Munthu wina amene anaphunzira za mbiri ya manda a pansi pa nthaka, dzina lake Andriy Krasnozhon, ananena kuti asilikali ena anabisala m’mandawa kwa miyezi 13.

Munthu amene ankatiperekezayo anati: “Kumbukiraninso kuti panthawi zosiyanasiyana, anthu ankakhala m’mandamu. Ena mwa anthuwa anali zigawenga, mbava zolanda sitima ndiponso anthu othawa kwawo pazifukwa za ndale. Anthu onsewa ankakhala movutika.”

Kenako tinalowa m’ngalande ina, ndipo pamene timapitabe kutsogolo tinayamba kuona mdima wokhawokha. Wotiperekezayo anatiuza kuti: “Anthu amene ankabisala m’ngalandezi ankakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito pamoyo wawo. M’chipinda chochezera, amuna ankasewera masewera osiyanasiyana monga tchesi, dilafuti ndi masewera ena. Akafuna kumanga zipinda zokhala amuna ndi akazi, ankaswa miyala ya m’phepete mwa khoma. M’chipinda chilichonse ankapanga shelefu yoikapo mabuku yochita kusemedwa pakhoma. Ndipo ankaikapo udzu kuti azigonera. Ankakhalanso ndi chipatala, chomwe chinkakhala ndi mabedi enieni komanso chipinda chopangira opaleshoni. Akazi ankaphikira nkhuni pa mbaula zopangidwa ndi miyala, ndipo ankabowola kudenga kuti utsi uzituluka kunja.”

Kudenga kwa mandawa kunkaoneka ngati siponji yaikulu, kungoti kunali kokhakhala. Makoma a mandawa anali ogobekagobeka chifukwa cha anthu amene ankaswamo miyala. Munthu yemwe ankatiperekeza uja anatiuza kuti: “Asilikali akapita m’mwamba mwa mandawa, ankasintha zovala n’cholinga choti asilikali a ku Germany asawatulukire chifukwa cha fungo la zovalazo. M’mandawa mumakhala chinyontho, choncho zovalazo zinkanunkha kwambiri.”

Iye anatiuzanso kuti: “Moyo m’mandawa unali wovuta chifukwa nthawi zambiri munkakhala mdima wa ndiweyani.” Kenako iye anathimitsa magetsi ndipo kunali mdima wa ndiweyani. Iye anati: “Nthawi zambiri anthu sankayasa nyali zawo.” Tikuyendabe mumdimawo, anatiuzanso kuti: “Miyalayi imachititsa kuti phokoso lisamamveke, moti mukasochera, palibe angakumveni ngakhale mutakuwa.” Kenako munthuyu anatikomera mtima ndipo anayatsa magetsi aja.

Iye anapitiriza kuti: “Alonda ankagwira ntchito maola awiri, kenako n’kusinthana. Iwo ankachita zimenezi chifukwa chakuti m’mandamu munkakhala mdima wokhawokha ndiponso munkakhala zii.” Titayang’ana kudenga poyenda m’mandawa, tinaona bowo limene linatithandiza kuona chigawo china cha mandawa. Ndinachita mantha kwambiri ndipo ndinadzifunsa kuti, ‘Kodi manda amenewa ayambira kuti? Nanga athera kuti?’ Munthu yemwe ankatiperekezayo ananena kuti: “Akatswiri angotulukira makilomita 1,700 okha a mandawa, choncho, ntchito idakalipo.”

Akatswiri ena posachedwapa atulukira zigawo zina za mandawa. Mkati mwa mandawa, apezamo zinthu monga nyuzipepala zomwe zakhala zaka 100, nyali ndiponso ndalama za m’nthawi ya Ufumu wa Russia. Zinthu zimene atulukirazo, zomwe zakhala zisakudziwika kwa zaka zambiri, zinali za anthu amene ankakhala m’manda a pansi pa nthaka ochititsa chidwi a ku Odessa amenewa.—Nkhaniyi tachita kutumiziridwa.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 25]

NYUMBA ZAKALE KWAMBIRI

Ku Odessa kuli nyumba zakale zomwe ndi zokongola kwambiri. Nyumbazi anazimanga ndi miyala yomwe ankafukula pansi. Zitseko zina za nyumbazi ndi zolowera m’mandawa. Panopa akumangabe nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito miyala.

[Chithunzi pamasamba 24, 25]

Mabedi akuchipatala omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali a Soviet Union panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri

[Chithunzi pamasamba 24, 25]

Manda a ku Odessa akuti mwina ndi aakulu pafupifupi makilomita 2,500