Chipembedzo Chowona Chimachotsa Mantha Motani?

AKONZI a ku Britain Edwin ndi Mona Radford anazizwitsidwa. Pambuyo pa kusonkhanitsa kukhulupirira malaulo koposa zikwi ziŵiri, iwo anapeza mantha a kukhulupirira malaulo ofananawo mu Scotland, India, ndi Uganda, ndiponso mu Central America. Iwo anadabwa, ‘Nchiyani chimene chingaŵerengere kaamba ka ichi?’ Mlembi Robertson Davies molondola anawona kuti: “Kukhulupirira malaulo kumawoneka kukhala kogwirizana ndi mtundu wina wa chikhulupiriro womwe uli wa kale kwambiri kuposa zipembedzo zimene timadziŵa.” Chotero, ndi “gulu la chikhulupiriro” lotani la mu tsiku la Chikristu chisanakhale limene liri muzu wa kukhulupirira malaulo?

Muzu ndi Nthambi za Kukhulupirira Malaulo

Baibulo limaloza ku dziko la Sinara (gawo la pakati pa mitsinje ya Tigris ndi Firate, pambuyo pake inatchedwa Babulo) monga malo opatulika a malingaliro a zipembedzo zonyenga, kuphatikizapo kukhulupirira malaulo. Kumeneko, “mpalu wamphamvu” wotchedwa Nimrode anayamba kumanga Nsanja ya chilendo ya Babele. Inayenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kaamba ka kulambira konama. Yehova Mulungu, ngakhale kuli tero, anasokoneza makonzedwe a omanga mwa kusokoneza chilankhulidwe chawo. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono, ntchito yomangayo inalekeka, ndipo iwo anabalalitsidwa. (Genesis 10:8-10; 11:2-9) Koma kulikonse kumene iwo anakakhala, ananyamula zikhulupiriro zimodzimodzizo, malingaliro, ndi nthanthi limodzi nawo. Babele, ngakhale kuli tero, anakhalabe maziko a chipembedzo chonyenga, m’kupita kwanthaŵi iye anafutukulanso mbali yake monga mayi ndi m’chirikizi wa matsenga, kubwebweta, ndi zikhulupiriro za malaulo, monga ngati kupenda nyenyezi. (Yerekezani ndi Yesaya 47:12, 13; Danieli 2:27; 4:7.) Chotero, bukhu la Great Cities of the Ancient World linadziŵitsa kuti: “Kukhulupirira matsenga kunazikidwa pa malingaliro aŵiri a Chibabulo: nyenyezi ndi umulungu wa zinthu za kumwamba. . . . Anthu a ku Babulo anapereka ulemu kwa mapulaneti okhala ndi zisonkhezero kuti mmodzi angayembekezere umulungu wawo wosiyanasiyana.”

Kodi ndimotani mmene zochitika zamakedzana zimenezi zatiyambukira ife? Bukhu la Baibulo la Chivumbulutso limasonyeza kuti dongosolo la chipembedzo chonyenga la dziko lonse, linakula kuchokera pa malingaliro a Babulo wakale. Iye akalipo kufikira ku tsiku lathu ndipo akutchedwa “Babulo Wamkulu.” (Chivumbulutso 17:5) Ndithudi, kupita kwanthaŵi ndi zochitika za kumaloko zasonkhezera malingaliro awo oyambira pa Babulo. Kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa chipembedzo kowoneka lerolino kuli chotulukapo chake. Koma monga mmene mitengo yaikulu kaŵirikaŵiri imakula m’nthaka imodzimodziyo, mofananamo zipembedzo za tsikulo ndi kukhulupirira malaulo kuzungulira padziko zakhala ndi mizu yawo pa maziko amodzimodzi​—Babulo. Pochitira chitsanzo ichi, tiyeni tiwone ndimotani mmene zikhulupiriro za okhulupirira malaulo za Chibabulo zinalowerera chifupifupi mu zipembedzo zonse za dziko lerolino.

Kuwopa Akufa​—Nkozikidwa pa Chiyani?

Anthu a ku Babulo anakhulupirira kuti mbali yauzimu ya munthu inapulumuka imfa ya thupi la unyama ndipo kuti imabwerera kusonkhezera kakhalidwe kaamba ka ubwino kapena kaamba ka kuipa. Iwo chotero anapanga miyambo ya chipembedzo yokonzeka kutonthoza akufa ndi kupewa kubwezera kwawo. Chikhulupiriro chimenechi chidakali chamoyo m’maiko ambiri lerolino. Mu Africa, mwachitsanzo, icho “chimapanga mbali yaikulu m’moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa chifupifupi aliyense . . . mu chitaganya.”​—African Religions​—Symbol, Ritual, and Community.

Ngakhale awo odzinenera kukhala Akristu m’maiko oterowo akuyambukiridwa. Mwachitsanzo, Henriette, mkazi wa zaka 63 zakubadwa mbadwa ya chiAfrica, akuvomereza kuti: “Ngakhale kuti ndinali chiwalo chokangalika cha tchalitchi cha kumaloko cha chiProtestanti, ndinawopa ‘mizimu’ ya akufa. Tinali kukhala pafupi ndi manda, ndipo nthaŵi zonse pamene gulu lopita ku manda linafika pafupi ndi nyumba yathu, ndinadzutsa mwana wanga ndi kumugwira iye mwapafupi kufikira gulu lonselo litapita. Kupanda apo, ‘mzimu’ wa wakufayo ukanalowa m’nyumba yanga ndi kugwira mwana wogonayo.”

Kukhulupirira malaulo koteroko kumapulumuka chifukwa chiphunzitso cha kusafa kwa moyo chikutenga malo m’Dziko la Chipembedzo. Mbiri yakale imasonyeza kuti odziŵa nthanthi a Chigriki​—makamaka Plato​—analongosola momvekera bwino lingaliro la Chibabulo la kusafa kwa moyo. Pansi pa chisonkhezero chawo, akulemba tero John Dunnett, mphunzitsi wapamwamba wa maphunziro a za umulungu wa ku Britain, “lingaliro la kusafa kwa moyo limabwera mokulira kulowerera mu Tchalitchi cha Chikristu.” Chiphunzitso cha Chibabulo chimenechi chapangitsa mamiliyoni kukhala mu ukapolo ku mantha a kukhulupirira malaulo.

Chipembedzo chowona, ngakhale kuli tero, chimachotsa mantha oterowo. Motani? Chifukwa chipembedzo chowona sichiri chozikidwa pa zikhulupiriro zokhala ndi mizu mu Babulo koma pa ziphunzitso zopezeka mu Baibulo.

Moyo Molingana ndi Baibulo

Bukhu loyambirira la Baibulo limatiuza ife kuti munthu anakhala moyo, munthu wa moyo. (Genesis 2:7) Chotero pamene munthu wafa, moyo umafa. Kutsimikizira ichi mneneri Ezekieli ananena kuti: “Moyo wochimwawo ndiwo udzafa.” (Ezekieli 18:4; Aroma 3:23) Moyo uli wokhoza kufa ndipo sungathe kukhala pambuyo pa imfa. M’malo mwake, monga mmene Masalmo 146:4 akunenera: “Mpweya wake uchoka, abwerera kumka ku nthaka yake; tsiku lomwelo zotsimikiza mtima zake zitaika.” Chotero, mphunzitsi John Dunnett akumaliza kuti, kusafa kwa moyo “kukukhalabe chikhulupiriro chosazikidwa pa Baibulo.”

Ngati palibe moyo wosafa, sipangakhale “mizimu” ya akufa yowopyseza anthu padziko lapansi. Maziko a mantha a kukhulupirira malaulo a akufa chotero amaphwanyika.

Mantha Ozikidwa pa Kunyenga

Mantha akukhulupirira malaulo a akufa amafa mwamphamvu. Chifukwa ninji? Chifukwa zinthu zachilendo zimachitika​—monga usiku umenewo pamene mkazi wa zaka za chikatikati wa ku Suriname anamva winawake akuitana dzina lake. Iye ananyalanyaza icho, koma “manja” osawoneka anayamba kumukhudza iye, ndipo pamene iye anatsutsa ku icho, iye anali pafupi kupotoledwa ndi mphamvu yosawoneka. Mwinamwake inu mungadabwe, ‘Ngati “mizimu” ya akufa siiri yamoyo, chotero ndi ndani amene ali ndi thayo?’ Kachiŵirinso, chidziŵitso cha Baibulo chimasungunula mantha akukhulupirira malaulo.

Ilo limalongosola kuti mphamvu za mizimu yoipa, yotchedwa ziwanda, iripo. Ziwanda zimenezo, ngakhale kuli tero, siziri miyoyo yochoka. Iwo ali angelo a Mulungu omwe anaukira ndi kukhala ku mbali imodzi ndi Satana, [“amene akusokeretsa dziko lonse lapansi, NW]” (Chivumbulutso 12:9; Yakobo 2:19; Aefeso 6:12; 2 Petro 2:4) Baibulo limasonyeza kuti ziwandazo zimapeza chisangalalo mu kusokeretsa, kuwopsyeza, ndi kuvutitsa anthu. Mbiri ya pa Luka 9:37-43 imalongosola kuti chiwanda chinagwetsa mnyamata “kumamng’amba iye ndi kumchititsa thovu” ndi kumkantha iye ndi mabala. Ngakhale pamene mnyamatayo anatsogozedwa kwa Yesu, “chiwandacho chinamgwetsa, ndi kumng’amba iye.” Ngakhale kuli tero, nkhaniyo ikupitiriza, “Yesu anadzudzula mzimu wonyansawo nachiritsa mnyamatayo nambwezera iye kwa atate wake.”

Mosangalatsa, Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature imalongosola kukhulupirira malaulo monga “kulambira kwa milungu yonyenga.” Chotero, ngati inu mumachita kukhulupirira malaulo koteroko, inu, mwinamwake mosazindikira, mukutonthoza “milungu yonyenga,” kapena ziwanda! Kulambira konyenga kumeneku kuli chimo lalikulu kwa Yehova Mulungu.​—Yerekezani 1 Akorinto 10:20 ndi Deuteronomo 18:10-12.a

‘Dzigonjetsereni Inu eni kwa Mulungu’​—Kodi Mumatero?

Kodi mudzakhala ndi kulimba mtima kwakutembenuza msana wanu pa ziwanda zimenezo mwakukana kukhulupirira malaulo? Zowona, ziwanda ziri zamphamvu. Koma pambuyo pa kusonyeza kuti tiyenera kusankha kaya kutumikira Yehova Mulungu kapena ziwanda, mtumwi Paulo anafunsa kuti: “Sitiri amphamvu kuposa mmene aliri [Yehova], kodi titero?” (1 Akorinto 10:21, 22, NW) Ayi, sitiri otero​—koma kumbukirani, osatinso Satana ndi ziwanda zake! M’malo mwake, ziwanda zimenezo “zimanjenjemera” chifukwa cha kuwopa Yehova. (Yakobo 2:19) Koma Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse amapereka kwa inu chitetezo chake ngati mufunsa kaamba ka icho. Mlembi wa Baibulo Yakobo mowonjezera akunena kuti: “Dzigonjetsereni inu eni, chotero, kwa Mulungu; koma kanizani Mdyerekezi, ndipo iye adzakusiyani.” (Yakobo 4:7, NW) Mantha anu akukhulupirira malaulo mofananamo angakusiyeni.

Zikwi kuzungulira pa chiunda cha dziko zimene poyamba zinakhala m’mantha ndi ukapolo ku miyambo ya kukhulupirira malaulo zingatsimikizire ku chimenecho. Mdyerekezi anathawa kuchokera kwa iwo! M’njira yotani? Kumbukirani, m’dani wa mantha okhulupirira malaulo ali chidziŵitso. Akutero Profesala Rudolph Brasch, katswiri pa chiyambi cha kukhulupirira malaulo: “Iri kokha nkhani ya maphunziro​—kuti pamene anthu apeza maphunziro apamwamba koposa, amapeza kukhulupirira malaulo kochepa.”

Chotero, pamene Henriette, wotchulidwa poyambirirapo, analandira chiitano cha Mboni za Yehova chakuyamba kuphunzira phunziro la Baibulo laulere, iye mwamsanga anawona kunyenga kwa uchiwanda. Zogwirira za kukhulupirira malaulo zinataya mphamvu yawo. Iye, ndi zikwi zonga iye, zakumana ndi chowonadi cha mawu a pa Ahebri 2:15. Pamenepo, mtumwi Paulo ananena kuti Yesu “adzamasula awo amene miyoyo yawo yonse inali mu ukapolo ku kuopa kwawo imfa.” (New International Version) Mofanana ndi mmene dzuŵa la m’mawa la kumalo otentha limasungunulira mame amphamvu pa nkhalango ya mvula, kuwala kwa chowonadi cha Baibulo kumachotsa mantha onse akukhulupirira malaulo.

Lerolino, ambiri amene kale ‘anali akapolo ku mantha’ achotsa zithumwa kuchokera pa makosi awo ndi zingwe zochinjiriza kuchokera kwa ana awo. Tsopano iwo amadzimva monga mmene amachitira Isaac, amene kale anali sing’anga wa zaka 68 zakubadwa wa ku South Africa. Pambuyo pa kuphunzira Baibulo ndi Mboni za Yehova, iye ananena kuti: “Ndikudzimva kukhala wachimwemwe ndi womasuka chifukwa tsopano sindiri wolemetsedwa ndi kuopa mizimu.” Ndi owona chotani nanga mmene mawu a Yesu anatsimikizirira kukhala: “Mudzadziŵa chowonadi, ndipo chowonadi chidzakumasulani!”​—Yohane 8:32.

Inde, chipembedzo chowona chimachotsa mantha!

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 5]

Kukhulupirira malaulo kunafalikira kuzungulira dziko lonse kuchokera pa malo a maziko pa Babulo