Kodi Alitsimikizira Baibulo Kukhala Labodza?

KODI asayansi ndi osuliza Baibulo atsimikizadi kuti Baibulo liri ndi zophophonya ndi nthano? Musanavomereze kuti iwo atero, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale kuti akatswiri ambiri amapereka malingaliro awo m’njira yabwino yodalirika, iwo samakhala olondola nthaŵi zonse. Kaŵirikaŵiri malingaliro awo amazikidwa pamaziko osakhazikika.

Zoyerekeza Zachinyengo

Monga chitsanzo cha ndemanga yomveka yodalirika ya wosuliza Baibulo, lingalirani zimene S. R. Driver ananena ponena za bukhu la Danieli. Mwamwambo, bukhu limeneli lalingaliridwa kukhala linalembedwa ndi Danieli iyemwini mu Babulo m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi B.C.E. (Danieli 12:8, 9) Koma Driver anadzinenera kuti linalembedwa mochedwerako kuposa apo. Kodi nchifukwa ninji? “Umboni” umodzi woperekedwa unali wakuti bukhulo liri ndi mawu Achigriki, ndipo Driver anatsutsa kuti: “Mawu ameneŵa, angatsimikiziridwe mwachidaliro, kuti sakanagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Bukhu la Danieli kusiyapo kokha ngati linalembedwa pambuyo pa kuloŵerera kwa chisonkhezero Chachigriki mu Asia kupyolera m’zigonjetso za Alexander Wamkulu.” Alexander anapanga zigonjetso zake chifupifupi 330 B.C.E.

Ndemanga ya Driver singakhale yotsimikiza kuposa apa. Komabe, kuti aichilikize, iye akutchula mawu atatu okha Achigriki, onsewo ali maina a ziwiya zoimbira. (Danieli 3:5) Popeza kuti Agriki anali kugwirizana kwambiri ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia kuyambira kale m’mbiri yolembedwa, ndimotani mmene wina motsimikizirika angatsutsire kuti ziwiya zoimbira zokhala ndi maina Achigriki sizinkagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Babulo m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi B.C.E.? Ndi maziko opanda pake otani nanga akukaikira nthaŵi ndi wolemba wa bukhu la Danieli!

Chitsanzo china chiri kuchitiridwa kwa mabuku asanu oyambirira a Baibulo. Mwamwambo, mbali yaikulu ya ameneŵa amanenedwa kukhala analembedwa ndi Mose chifupifupi 1500 B.C.E. Komabe, osuliza amanena kuti amawona mitundu ya kalembedwe yosiyanasiyana m’mabukuwo. Ndiponso, iwo amadziŵitsa kuti Mulungu nthaŵi zina amatchulidwa ndi dzina lake, Yehova, ndipo nthaŵi zina ndi liwu Lachihebri lotanthauza “Mulungu.” Kuchokera ku malongosoledwe oterowo, iwo amalingalira kuti mabuku a Baibulo ameneŵa alidi kusonkhanitsidwa kwa makalata olembedwa pa nthaŵi zosiyana ndi kuikidwa pamodzi nthaŵi ina pambuyo pa 537 B.C.E.

Nthanthi imeneyi imakhulupiriridwa mofala, komabe palibe aliyense amene analongosola chifukwa chimene Mose sakanatchulira Mlengi ponse paŵiri monga Mulungu ndi monga Yehova. Palibe aliyense amene watsimikiza kuti iye sakanalemba m’mitundu yosiyana yakalembedwe ngati anali kuchita ndi nkhani zosiyana, kulemba pa nthaŵi zosiyana m’moyo wake, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito magwero akale. Kuwonjezerapo, monga mmene John Romer ananenera m’bukhu lake lakuti Testament​—The Bible and History kuti: “Chitsutso chachikulu ku njira yonseyi yakasanthulidwe nchakuti kufikira lerolino palibe lemba lakale nlimodzi lomwe limene lapezedwa lotsimikizira kukhalapo kwa kugwirizana kwa nthanthi kwa malemba osiyanasiyana okondeka kwambiri kwa ophunzira amakono.”

Kulingalira kwamaziko kwa osuliza Baibulo ambiri kwalongosoledwa ndi Cyclopedia ya McClintock ndi Strong kuti: “Ofufuza . . . amayambira pa kulingalira kwakuti mfundo za mbiri yakale zimene zimakhala kumbuyo kwa zolongosoledwazo ziri kokha nsonga zenizeni, zofanana m’mkhalidwe ndi nsonga zina zodziŵika kwa ife. . . . Kodi wolemba amalongosola kukhala nsonga chochitika chimene chiri kunja kwa malamulo odziŵika a Chilengedwe? Pamenepo . . . chochitika cholingaliridwacho sichinachitike.”

Chotero, ambiri amalingalira kuti zozizwitsa sizikanachitika, popeza kuti zimakhala kunja kwa malamulo odziŵika a chilengedwe. Mofananamo, maulosi a nthaŵi yaitali ayenera kukhala osatheka, popeza kuti anthu sangawone kutali mtsogolo. Chozizwitsa chirichonse chiyenera kukhala nthano kapena nthanthi. Ulosi uliwonse umene unakwaniritsidwa mowonekera uyenera kukhala unalembedwa pambuyo pa kukwaniritsidwa kwake.a Ndicho chifukwa chake, ena amatsutsa kuti maulosi a bukhu la Danieli anakwaniritsidwa m’zaka za zana lachiŵiri B.C.E. ndipo kuti bukhulo liyenera kukhala linalembedwa pa nthaŵiyo.

Koma kulingalira kwa mtundu umenewu kumadalira pa nkhani ya chikhulupiriro: kuti Mulungu kulibe, kapena ngati aliko, samaloŵerera m’mbiri ya anthu. Motsimikizirikadi, nsonga yeniyeni ya Baibulo ndiyakuti Mulungu aliko ndipo ngwokangalika m’mbiri ya anthu. Ngati izi nzowona​—ndipo umboni ukusonyeza kuti ziridi tero​—kusuliza kwambiri kwa Baibulo kwamakono kuli kopanda maziko.

Kodi Sayansi Yamakono Yasonyeza Baibulo Kukhala Lolakwa?

Ngakhale ndi tero, bwanji ponena za kudzinenera kwakuti sayansi yasonyeza kuti sitingakhulupirire Baibulo? Chowonadi nchakuti, pamene Baibulo likhudza zimene timatcha sayansi, nthaŵi zambiri zimene limanena zimakhala zogwirizana ndi zimene sayansi yamakono imaphunzitsa.

Mwachitsanzo, Baibulo limapereka malamulo othandiza kwambiri okhudza udongo ndi matenda opatsirana. Bukhu lakuti Manual of Tropical Medicine likuthira ndemanga kuti: “Palibe amene angalephere kukhala wosangalatsidwa ndi machenjezo osamalitsa a udongo a nyengo ya Mose. . . . Nzowona kuti kugaŵa matenda m’magulu kunali kopepuka​—[kuwatchula] matenda obuka panthaŵi imodzi, otchedwa ‘mliri’; ndi matenda oyamba pang’onopang’ono, okhala ndi zironda, otchedwa ‘khate’​—koma malamulo amphamvu a kubindikiritsa mowonekeradi anathandiza kwambiri.”

Lingaliraninso ndemanga ya Baibulo yakuti: “Mitsinje yonse ithira m’nyanja, koma nyanja yosadzala; komwe imukira mitsinjeyo, komweko ibweranso.” (Mlaliki 1:7) Izi zikumveka ngati kulongosola kwa zungulire wa madzi wopezeka m’mabuku ophunzirira amakono. Mitsinje imapereka madzi m’nyanja, kumene amakamuka ndipo amatengedwa monga mitambo pamwamba pa dziko, ndi kugwa monga mvula kapena chipale ndi kubwereranso m’mitsinje.

Mofananamo, zopeza za asayansi kuti mapiri amakwera ndi kugwa ndikuti pa nthaŵi ina mapiri amene alipowa anali pansi pa nyanja zakale zimagwirizana ndi mawu a ndakatulo a wamasalmo akuti: “Madzi anafikira pamwamba pa mapiri. Anakwera m’mapiri, anatsikira m’zigwa, kufikira malo mudawakonzeratu.”​—Salmo 104:6, 8.

Wolemba wina anatsutsa kuti: “Alembi onse a Chipangano Chakale analingalira Dziko Lapansi kukhala malo osalala, ndipo nthaŵi zina analozera ku mizati imene inalingaliridwa kuti inali kulichilikiza.” Ngakhale kuli tero, zimenezi sizowona. Yesaya analankhula za “Iye wokhala pamwamba pa dziko lapansi lozungulira.” (Yesaya 40:22, NW) Ndipo Yobu ananena za Ameneyu kuti: “Ayala kumpoto popanda kanthu, nalenjeka dziko pachabe.” (Yobu 26:7) Kulongosoledwa kwa dziko lapansi kukhala mbulumbwa yolenjekeka popanda chochilikiza chowoneka kukumveka kukhala kwamakonodi.

Chisinthiko

Kodi bwanji ponena za kutsutsana pakati pa Baibulo ndi nthanthi ya chisinthiko?b Encyclopædia Britannica ikusimba kuti: “Nthanthi ya chisinthiko imalandiridwa ndi unyinji waukulu kwambiri wa anthu a sayansi.” Koma Baibulo limaphunzitsa, m’chinenero chopepuka chokhoza kumveka mibadwo yasayansi isanafike, kuti moyo uli chotulukapo cha chilengedwe chachindunji ndi Mulungu ndikuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo sinasinthike koma inalengedwa.​—Genesis 1:1; 2:7.

Okhulupirira chisinthiko sali osiyana ndi osuliza Baibulo. Iwo ali ndi zikhutiritso zamphamvu ndipo amalongosola malingaliro awo mwachidaliro. Koma oŵerengeka ali owonadi mtima namavomereza kuti nthanthi ya chisinthiko iri ndi zifooko. Wina akusonyeza kuti: “Chitsanzo cha Darwin cha chisinthiko . . . , chimene kwenikweni chiri nthanthi ya kukonzanso mbiri yakale, . . . chiri chosatheka kuchitsimikizira mwa kuyesa kapena kusanthula mwachindunji monga mmene zimakhalira ndi sayansi ya nthaŵizonse . . . Kuwonjezerapo, nthanthi ya chisinthiko imachita ndi mpambo wa zochitika zapadera, chiyambi cha moyo, chiyambi cha luntha ndi zina zotero. Zochitika zapadera sizimabwerezedwa ndipo sizingafufuzidwe ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kufufuza koyesa.” (Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, lolembedwa ndi Michael Denton) Wina akulankhula za “mfundo ya chisinthiko.” Mosasamala kanthu za izo, iye akusonyeza vuto lalikulu m’kutsimikizira “mfundo” imeneyi: “Pamene mufunafuna zogwirizanitsa magulu aakulu a nyama, iwo kulibeko.”​—The Neck of the Giraffe, lolembedwa ndi Francis Hitching.

Kodi Angadziŵe Zochuluka Motani?

Unyinji wa umboni wa chisinthiko ukuperekedwa ndi akatswiri ofukula zapansi ndi akatswiri a zinthu zakale​—asayansi amene amaphunzira kale la dziko lapansi. Mavuto amene asayansi ameneŵa amayang’anizana nawo sali osiyana ndi mavuto amene akatswiri a zakuthambo amakumana nawo. Ndi thandizo la ziwiya zosiyanasiyana, akatswiri a zakuthambo amayang’ana pa kuŵala kochokera ku nyenyezi, maplaneti, milalang’amba, ndi zinthu zachilendo monga ngati quasars. Akumapangitsa chidziŵitso chambiri kukhalako, iwo amapanga nthanthi ponena za zinthu zazikulu zonga ngati mkhalidwe wa nyenyezi ndi chiyambi cha chilengedwe. Iwo samakhala ndi mwaŵi wa kufufuza nthanthi zawo, koma pamene atero, kaŵirikaŵiri amazipeza kukhala zosakwanira kapena mwachidziŵikire zolakwa.

Katswiri wa zinthu zakuthambo wa wailesi Gerrit Verschuur analemba kuti: “Zithunzi za dziko zaposachedwapa za U.S. zikuvumbula kuchepa kwa chidziŵitso chenicheni chonena za zinthu zimene ziri m’chilengedwe. Pafupipa m’mwamba, Mars anawoneka kukhala wosiyana kwambiri ndi chirichonse chimene tikanawona kuchokera pa dziko lapansi. . . . Palibe katswiri wa zinthu zakuthambo amene analingalira kuti zipangizo zolambalala Jupiter zinali ndi kapangidwe kokongola koteroko . . . Saturn anapereka chodabwitsa chachikulu pamene makamera a Voyager anavumbula mikombero yolukidwa, miyezi yowoneka ngati achule omadumpha ndi mikombero yaing’ono yoposa 1,000. . . . Zomwe ziri zowonadi ponena za kuthambo zikuwoneka kukhala zowona ponena za zinthu za m’malo ofufuzira zinthu zojambulidwa pansi pa kukulitsa kwakukulu. Kuyang’ana kosamalitsa kulikonse kumavumbula chidziŵitso chosayembekezeredwa chimene chimatigonjetsa ndi kusintha zikhulupiriro zathu zakale.”

Akatswiri ofukula zapansi, akatswiri a zinthu zakale, ndi ena amene amapereka “umboni” wambiri wa chisinthiko, mofanana ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo, ali odera nkhaŵa ndi zochitika ndi zinthu zakutali kwambiri​—osati m’mtunda koma zaka. Mongadi mmene akatswiri a zakuthambo amadalira pa kuwala kwachizimezime kochokera pa mtunda wosalingalirika kaamba ka chidziŵitso chawo, asayansi enawa amakakamizika kudalira pa zizindikiro zimene zapulumuka mwangozi kuchokera ku nthaŵi za kale kwambiri za planeti yathu. Mosapeŵeka, mofanana ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo, nawonso ayeneranso kukhala olakwa m’zopeza zawo zambiri.

Kodi Mungalikhulupirire Baibulo?

Chotero, anthu oganiza sayenera kupusitsidwa ndi malingaliro a akatswiri ku mlingo wakuti simukhulupirira Baibulo. Komabe, ichi mwa icho chokha sichimatsimikizira kuti inu mungalikhulupirire ilo. Kuti mutero, muyenera kuchita zimene osuliza Baibulo ambiri sanachite​—kulitsegula Baibulo inu eni, ndi kuliŵerenga ndi maganizo otseguka. (Machitidwe 17:11) Zaka zingapo zapita, wolemba manusikripiti wa ku Australia, amene adali wosuliza Baibulo, anaulula kuti: “Kwa nthaŵi yoyamba m’moyo wanga ndinachita chimene mwachizolowezi chiri ntchito yoyamba ya mtolankhani: kufufuza nsonga zanga. . . . Ndipo ndinadabwa, chifukwa zimene ndinkaŵerenga [mu nkhani za Uthenga Wabwino] sizinali nthano ndipo sizinali zopeka zachilengedwe. Kunali kusimba zochitika. Nkhani zodzimverera ndi zowuzidwa za zochitika zachilendo. . . . Kusimba kuli ndi ubwino wake, ndipo ubwino umenewo uli mu Mauthenga Abwino.”

Tikulimbikitsani kutsatira chitsanzo chake. Dziŵerengereni nokha Baibulo. Pamene mulingalira nzeru yakuya ya Baibulo, mmene maulosi ake akukwaniritsidwira, ndi kugwirizana kwake kodabwitsa, mudzazindikira kuti liri loposa zosonkhanitsa za nthanthi za sayansi. (Yoswa 23:14) Pamene mudziwonera nokha mmene nzeru ya Baibulo ingasinthire moyo wanu kukhala wabwinopo, simudzakaikira konse kuti Baibulo liridi Mawu a Mulungu. (2 Timoteo 3:16, 17) Inde, mungalikhulupirire Baibulo!​—Yohane 17:17.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Nkovuta kwa akatswiri a zinthu zakale kuzindikira zimene zinachitika kale kwambiri monga mmene ziriri kwa akatswiri a zakuthambo kuzindikira mkhalidwe wa zinthu zimene ziri m’mbali zakutali za m’mlengalenga