Kodi Mtendere Wadziko Lonse Wayandikira?

M’MBIRI yonse, sipanasoŵepo mapulani a mtendere ndi zilengezo za mtendere zakutizakuti. Mwatsoka, zikuwoneka kuti pakhalanso nkhondo zochuluka mofananamo zopasula mapanganowo. Ponena za mapangano a mtendere ndi zilengezo, anthu ambiri aphunzira kusawadalira kwambiri.

Komabe, m’zaka zoŵerengeka zapitazo, openyerera ambiri ndi openda nkhani zapanyuzi ayamba kulingalira kuti chinachake chosiyana chikuchitika. Iwo asonyeza kuthekera kwakuti, mosasamala kanthu za mavuto adziko ndi dziko, nthaŵi ino mtendere wadziko lonse udzakhazikitsidwadi. Bungwe la Stockholm International Peace Institute linati: “Chiyembekezo cha chigamulo chamtendere chothetsa mkangano chakhazikitsidwa bwinopo kuposa m’chaka china chirichonse chiyambire mapeto a Nkhondo Yadziko ya II.” Wolemba nyuzi wotchuka anasonkhezeredwa ndi zochitika zofulumira za Yuropu Wakum’mawa kulengeza kuti: “Mtendere Padziko Lapansi ukuwoneka kukhala wotheka tsopano kuposa panthaŵi ina iriyonse chiyambire Nkhondo Yadziko ya II.” Ngakhale magazini a The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists anasonyeza malingaliro ameneŵa. Mu 1988 inabweza kumbuyo koloko yake yotchuka ya tsiku la chiwonongeko kuchoka pa mphindi zitatu pasanafike pakati pausiku kufika pa mphindi zisanu ndi imodzi pasanafike pakati pausiku, ndipo kenaka mu April 1990 inabwezedwanso kufika pa mphindi khumi pasanafike pakati pausiku.

Zonsezi zinadzutsa chidaliro chachikulu ndi chisangalalo nkhondo isanaulike ku Middle East. Koma ngakhale kuyambira pamenepo, anthu ena akunena kuti Nkhondo Yapakamwa ndi mpikisano wa zida zankhondo pakati pa maulamuliro amphamvu koposa zatha. Ena anali kulingalira ponena za zimene zidzachitidwa ndi ndalama zonse zimene maboma akuyembekezera kusunga mwakuchepetsa kuwonongera pa zankhondo. Kodi nkotheka kuti nthaŵi ya mtendere wokhalitsa yafikadi? Kodi mitundu ikuphunziradi ‘kusula malupanga awo akhale zolimira, ndi nthungo zawo zikhale anangwape’? (Yesaya 2:4) Kodi zenizeni zikusonyezanji?

Nkhondo Zoiŵalidwa

“Kutha kwa nkhondo yapakamwa ndi mpumulo watsopano pakati pa Kum’mawa ndi Kumadzulo zachititsa ena kukhulupirira kuti mtendere wakhala mkhalidwe wa masiku onse,” ikufotokoza motero The Economist ya ku London. “Siziri choncho. Ngakhale atachotsapo vuto lalikulu limodzi lochititsa mkangano, dziko lidakali nayo yaing’ono yambiri.” Kodi mikangano “yaing’ono” imeneyi, kapena mavuto njotani?

Gulu lofufuza lodziimira palokha mu United States, lotchedwa Lentz Peace Research Laboratory, likusimba kuti podzafika September 1990, nkhondo zosachepera pa 15 zinali kumenyedwa kuzungulira padziko lonse. Izi sizinaphatikizepo kulanda Kuwait kwa Iraq, popeza kuti lipotilo linangosimba nkhondo zimene zinafamo anthu osachepera pa chikwi chimodzi pachaka kufikira panthaŵiyo. Zina za nkhondo zimenezi zakhala zikumenyedwa kwa zaka 20 kapena kuposapo. Zonse pamodzi zapha anthu 2,900,000, ndipo unyinji wa ameneŵa ndi anthu wamba. Chiŵerengero chimenechi sichimaphatikizapo ophedwa m’zina za nkhondo zokhetsa mwazi moipitsitsa zimene zinangotha chaka chatha, monga ngati mu Uganda, Afghanistan, ndi Iran-Iraq.

Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni atatu aphedwa pamene dziko likulingaliridwa kukhala pamtendere! Chimenechi chiri tsoka mwa icho chokha. Komabe, tsoka lalikulu nlakuti unyinji wa nkhondo zimenezi zakhala zikupitirizabe osadziŵidwa kuti zikumenyedwa​—motero sizikutsutsidwa​—ndi maiko ena. Izo zingatchedwe nkhondo zoiŵalidwa, popeza kuti unyinji wa izo​—kugwetsa boma, nkhondo za pachiweniweni, kupandukira boma​—zimamenyedwa m’dziko limodzi kapena linzake la maiko osatukuka kwenikweni. Kwa anthu ambiri m’maiko olemera, otsungula, theka la miliyoni la anthu ophedwa m’Sudan, kapena chigawo chimodzi mwa zitatu cha miliyoni ophedwa mu Angola, sikukuwoneka kukhala kanthu kwenikweni kwa iwo. Kwenikweni, pali amene amanenetsa kuti dziko lakhala m’nyengo yamtendere yoposa ndi kalelonse chiyambire kutha kwa Nkhondo Yadziko ya II chifukwa chakuti sipanabukepo nkhondo pakati pa maiko otukuka ndipo, mosasamala kanthu za kuwonjezereka kwa mkangano ndi zida zankhondo, maulamuliro amphamvu koposa sadamenyanepo nkhondo.

Kodi Pali Chiyembekezo cha Mtendere?

Ngati mtendere umangotanthauza kusakhalapo kwa nkhondo ya nyukliya yadziko lonse, pamenepo mwinamwake wina anganenetse kuti mitundu ya dziko yakhala kale ndi chipambano chakutichakuti m’zoyesayesa zawo zofuna kupeza mtendere. Lamulo la Mutual Assured Destruction laimitsa maulamuliro amphamvu koposa kusamenyana nkhondo kufika kumlingo umenewo. Koma kodi umenewo ndimtendere weniweni? Kodi ungakhale motani, pamene anthu akukhala m’mantha osatha a chiwonongeko chotheratu chamwadzidzidzi? Kodi tingamalankhule bwanji za mtendere pamene, kuzungulira dziko, anthu ambiri motero akuphedwa, njira yawo yopezera zofunika za moyo ikuwonongedwa, ndipo chiyembekezo chawo chakukhala ndi moyo watanthauzo ndi wokhutiritsa chikufafanizidwa ndi nkhondo, zazikulu ndi zazing’ono?

Elie Wiesel wopata mphotho ya Nobel, panthaŵi ina analemba kuti: “Kuchokera kunthaŵi zosakumbukika, anthu alankhula za mtendere popanda kuupeza. Kodi ndikuzoloŵera kokwanira kumene tiribe? Angakhale kuti timalankhula za mtendere, timamenyabe nkhondo. Nthaŵi zina timamenyadi nkhondo m’dzina la mtendere. . . . Nkhondo ingakhale kwenikweni mbali ya mbiri yakale yosatha kuchotsedwapo​—kunthaŵi yonse.”

Ndipo posachedwapa nkhondo ku Middle East inafafaniza chiyembekezo chonyenga cha mtendere. Kodi zangokhala kuti anthu akhala akuyang’ana ku magwero olakwika kaamba ka mtendere?

[Chithunzi patsamba 3]

“Mbadwo uno wa anthu okhala padziko lapansi ungawone kufika kwa nyengo yokhaliratu ya mtendere m’mbiri ya kutsungula.”​—Mikhail Gorbachev, pulezidenti wa ku Soviet pa msonkhano wa atsogoleri mu Washington, D.C., U.S.A., May 1990

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

UPI/​Bettmann Newsphotos

[Zithunzi patsamba 4]

“Patsogolo pathu pali dziko latsopano la ufulu . . . , m’dziko limene mtendere udzakhalitsa, mmene malonda adzayanja aliyense ndi mmene zonse zowoneka kukhala zotheka zidzatheka.”​—George Bush, pulezidenti wa ku United States, pamsonkhano wa atsogoleri wa zachuma mu Houston, Texas, U.S.A., July 1990

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

UPI/​Bettmann Newsphotos

“Malinga omwe adabindikiritsa anthu ndi malingaliro panthaŵi inayake akugwa. Anthu a ku Ulaya akudzikonzera mtsogolo mwawo. Akusankha ufulu. Akusankha chimasuko m’zachuma. Akusankha mtendere.”​—Chilengezo cha NATO pamsonkhano wa atsogoleri m’London, Mangalande, July 1990

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 2]

Zithunzi zapachikuto: U.S. Naval Observatory photo (stars); NASA photo (earth)