Mwambo Wakuchiritsa ndi Opaleshoni Yopanda Mwazi

ZAKA zaposachedwa pakhala kupita patsogolo komwe sikunachitikepo m’zamankhwala. Komabe, pamene njira zina zatsopano zikuthetsa zothetsa nzeru pazamankhwala, zabweretsa zothetsa nzeru pamwambo.

Madokotala ayenera kulingalira za zovuta zonga zakuti: Kodi machiritso osautsa ayenera kuwasiya nthaŵi zina kuti wodwalayo afe mwaulemu? Kodi dokotala ayenera kunyalanyaza chosankha cha wodwala ngati aganiza kuti zidzamthandiza wodwalayo? Kodi chisamaliro cha umoyo chingaperekedwe motani pamene aliyense sangakwanitse machiritso okwera mtengo?

Nkhani zovuta zotero zayambitsa maphunziro a zamankhwala otchedwa bioethics (mwambo wakuchiritsa). Maphunziro ameneŵa amayesa kuthandiza madokotala ndi asayansi kusamalira mwambo umene umakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zake za kufufuza zamoyo ndi chitukuko m’zamankhwala. Popeza kuti pamakhala zosankha zambiri zovuta koposa kuchipatala, zipatala zambiri zakhazikitsa makomiti a mwambo wakuchiritsa. Nthaŵi zambiri a m’komitiyo​—ophatikizapo madokotala ndi maloya​—amakapezeka kumasemina a mwambo wakuchiritsa, kumene amapenda zothetsa nzeru zokhudza mwambo m’zamankhwala.

Mafunso amene amabuka kaŵirikaŵiri pamasemina otero ngakuti: Kodi madokotala ayenera kuzilemekeza kufikira pati zikhulupiriro za Mboni za Yehova amene, makamaka pazifukwa zachipembedzo, amakana kuwaika mwazi? Kodi dokotala ayenera kupatsa wodwala mwazi ngakhale sakufuna ngati zimenezo zikuoneka “zoyenera” kwa dokotalayo? Kodi kungakhale kutsata mwambo kuchita zimenezo popanda kumdziŵitsa wodwalayo, monga ngati ‘wodwalayo sadzavutika maganizo ndi zimene sakudziŵa’?

Kuti asamalire nkhani zotero moyenera, madokotala afunika kulimvetsa mosakondera lingaliro la Mboni. Mboni za Yehova zimafunitsitsa kufotokozera madokotala maganizo awo pankhaniyo, pozindikira kuti kumvana kungapeŵetse mikangano.

Kugaŵana Malingaliro

Profesa Diego Gracia, katswiri womveka ku Spain pamwambo wakuchiritsa, anafuna kuti kalasi lake likambitsirane nawo pankhani yotero. “Ndi bwino kuti inu [Mboni za Yehova] mupatsidwe mpata wofotokoza nkhaŵa zanu . . . poona zovuta zimene mwakhala nazo chifukwa cha nkhani ya kuika mwazi,” profesayo anatero.

Chotero, pa June 5, 1996, nthumwi zitatu Mboni za Yehova zinaitanidwa ku Yunivesite ya Complutense, ku Madrid, Spain, kuti zikafotokoze lingaliro lawo. Panapezeka madokotala ngati 40 ndi akatswiri ena.

Pambuyo poti Mbonizo zakambapo mwachidule, mwaŵi wa mafunso unaperekedwa. Onse omwe analipo anavomerezana kuti wodwala wamkulu ayenera kukana machiritso ena. Kalasilo linakhulupiriranso kuti mwazi suyenera kuikidwa popanda wodwalayo kuvomereza atadziŵa zoloŵetsedwamo. Komabe mbali zina za kaimidwe ka Mboni zinawadetsa nkhaŵa.

Funso lina linakhudza ndalama. Nthaŵi zina opaleshoni yopanda mwazi imafuna makina apadera, onga opaleshoni ya laser, ndiponso mankhwala okwera mtengo, monga erythropoietin, ogwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhezera kupangika kwa maselo a mwazi. Dokotala wina anafuna kudziŵa ngati kuti mwa kukana njira yotchipa (mwazi wa munthu), Mboni zingakhale zikuyembekeza kuti zipatala zidzachita nawo mwanjira yapadera.

Pamene anazindikira kuti ndalama ndi chinthu chofunika chimene madokotala ayenera kulingalira, woimira Mboni anatchula zofufuza zofalitsidwa zomwe zimafotokoza mtengo wobisika wa kuika mwazi wa munthu wina. Umenewo ukuphatikizapo mtengo wochiritsira zovuta zobuka chifukwa choika munthu mwazi, ndiponso kutaya ndalama kwa munthu chifukwa cha zovutazo. Anagwira mawu zofufuza zochuluka za ku United States zosonyeza kuti botolo limodzi la mwazi, ngakhale kuti poyamba linangogudwa $250 chabe, kwenikweni linawonongetsa ndalama zoposa $1,300​—kuchulukitsa mtengo woyambayo kuposa kasanu. Chifukwa chake, iye anatero, titalingalira zinthu zonse, timapeza kuti opaleshoni yopanda mwazi njotchipa. Ndiponso, zimene zimakweza wotchedwa mtengo wowonjezera wa opaleshoni yopanda mwazi ali makina omwe angagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

Funso lina limene madokotala angapo anali kuganiza linakhudza chikakamizo cha ena. Kodi chingachitike nchiyani, iwo anaganiza motero, ngati Mboni yagonja nilola kuiika mwazi? Kodi Mboni zidzamyesa mdani ndi kumchotsa m’gulu lawo?

Zimene zingachitike zimadalira pa mkhalidwewo, pakuti kumvera lamulo la Mulungu ilidi nkhani yaikulu, imene akulu a mpingo ayenera kuipenda. Mboni zimafuna kumthandiza munthu aliyense amene wavutika kwambiri ndi opaleshoni yoika moyo pangozi amenenso walola kumuika mwazi. Mosakayikira, Mboniyo idzamva kuipa kwambiri ndipo idzada nkhaŵa za unansi wake ndi Mulungu. Munthu wotero angafunikire kumthandiza ndiponso chifundo. Popeza maziko a Chikristu ndiwo chikondi, akulu, monga m’milandu yonse, adzafuna kukhala olimba komanso achifundo malinga ndi mkhalidwewo.​—Mateyu 9:12, 13; Yohane 7:24.

“Kodi posachedwa simudzakhala mukuyesa kuonanso ngati kaimidwe kanu pamwambowo nkaphindu?” anafunsa profesa wa mwambo wakuchiritsa, yemwe anachokera ku United States. “Zipembedzo zina zatero pazaka zaposachedwa.”

Kaimidwe ka Mboni ponena za kupatulika kwa mwazi kali chikhulupiriro chokhudza chiphunzitso osati lingaliro lamwambo limene lingapendedwenso nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi ayi, anamuuza zimenezo. Lamulo lomveka la Baibulo silimalola kugonja ayi. (Machitidwe 15:28, 29) Kuswa lamulo laumulungu lotero nkosavomerezeka kwa Mboni monganso kulekerera kupembedza mafano kapena chisembwere.

Mboni za Yehova zimayamikira kwambiri chifuno cha madokotala​—monga aja opezekapo pasemina ya mwambo wakuchiritsa ku Madrid​—cha kulemekeza chosankha chawo chofuna machiritso ena ogwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zawo zozikidwa pa Baibulo. Mosakayikira, mwambo wakuchiritsa udzathandiza kwambiri kuwongolera maunansi a madokotala ndi odwala ndi kuwonjezera ulemu waukulu pazofuna za wodwala.

Malinga ndi mawu omveka kuti anenedwa ndi sing’anga wa ku Spain, madokotala nthaŵi zonse ayenera kukumbukira kuti “amagwiritsira ntchito makina opanda ungwiro ndi njira zimene zimalakwika.” Chifukwa chake afunikira “kukhutira kuti chikondi nthaŵi zonse chiyenera kufika pamene chidziŵitso sichingafike.”