Chochitika Chosaiŵalika kwa Okonda Mawu a Mulungu

Mu 1998, munachitika chinthu chofunika ndi chosaiŵalika kwa anthu okonda Mawu a Mulungu. M’chaka chimenechi, kope lokwanitsa chiŵerengero cha mamiliyoni 100 la Baibulo la “New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures” linasindikizidwa. Chotero ilo ndi limodzi la mabaibulo ofala zedi omwe atulutsidwa m’zaka za zana lino!

CHOCHITIKA chimenechi n’chosaiŵalikadi makamaka polingalira kuti litangotulutsidwa kumene, matembenuzidwe a Baibulo ameneŵa ananyozedwa kotheratu. Komabe, ilo linapulumuka komanso kuwonjezeka, ndipo likupezeka m’nyumba ndi m’mitima ya miyandamiyanda ya anthu dziko lonse lapansi! Kodi matembenuzidwe apadera ameneŵa anayamba motani? Kodi analitembenuza ndani? Ndipo mwa kuligwiritsa ntchito, kodi inu mungapindule nalo motani?

Chifukwa Chiyani Anatembenuza Baibulo Latsopano?

Kwa zaka zoposa 100, Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, bungwe la lamulo loimira Mboni za Yehova, lakhala likufalitsa mabaibulo. Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani Mboni za Yehova zinaona kuti n’kofunika kutembenuzanso Mawu a Mulungu mwatsopano? Buku lakuti So Many Versions?, lolembedwa ndi Sakae Kubo ndi Walter Specht, linati: “Palibe matembenuzidwe ena alionse a Baibulo omwe angalingaliridwe kukhala mapeto. Matembenuzidwe ayenera kuyendera limodzi ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukatswiri wa za Baibulo komanso kusintha kwa chinenero.”

Kumvetsa bwino lomwe Chihebri, Chigiriki ndi Chiaramaiki​—zinenero zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba kulemba Baibulo, kwapita patsogolo kwambiri m’zaka za zana lino. Komanso, anapeza mipukutu ya mabaibulo olembedwa pamanja omwe n’ngakale kwambiri ndiponso olondola zedi kuposa omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi otembenuza Baibulo a m’zaka zam’mbuyomu. Chotero Mawu a Mulungu angalembedwe molondola kwambiri lerolino kuposa kale lonse! Choncho, Komiti Yotembenuza Baibulo ya New World Bible Translation inakhazikitsidwa pachifukwa chabwino zedi chotembenuza Baibulo m’zinenero zamakono.

Mu 1950, Baibulo lachingelezi la New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures (Matembenuzidwe Adziko Latsopano a Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu) linatulutsidwa. Mutu wake wokhawo unatsutsa kotheratu mwambo wakuti Baibulo n’logaŵidwa m’zigawo ziŵiri, chipangano “Chakale” ndi chipangano “Chatsopano”. M’zaka khumi zotsatira, zigawo zosiyanasiyana za Malemba Achihebri zinafalitsidwa chilichonse pachokha. Mu 1961 Baibulo lonse lathunthu linatulutsidwa m’Chingelezi.

Koma kodi anatembenuza Baibulo lapadera limeneli ndani? Nsanja ya Olonda yachingelezi ya September 15, 1950, inati: “Amuna a m’komiti yotembenuza asonyeza kufunitsitsa kwawo . . . kuti asadziŵike, ndiponso kwenikweni sanafune kuti mayina awo adziŵike pamene akali ndi moyo kapena atamwalira. Cholinga cha kutembenuzaku ndicho kukweza dzina la Mulungu wamoyo ndi woona.” Anthu ena onyoza, ankanena kuti mosataya nthaŵi matembenuzidwe ameneŵa ayenera kuonedwa ngati ochitidwa ndi anthu omwe analibe luso pa ntchitoyo, koma si onse omwe anamvera maganizo opanda nzeru oterowo. Alan S. Duthie analemba kuti: “Ngati tikudziŵa yemwe anatembenuza kapena kufalitsa Baibulo lakutilakuti, kodi zimenezo zikutithandiza kudziŵa kaya ngati matembenuzidwe amenewo ali abwino kapena oipa? Sizikutero mwachindunji. Palibe njira ina yoposa kupenda mikhalidwe ya matembenuzidwe alionse paokhapaokha.”a

Mbali Zapadera

Mamiliyoni a anthu aliŵerenga ndipo apeza kuti New World Translation n’losavuta kuŵerenga komanso n’lolondola zedi. Otembenuza ake anatembenuza kuchokera ku zinenero zoyambirira za Chihebri, Chiaramaiki, ndi Chigiriki, pogwiritsa ntchito mipukutu yabwino koposa yomwe inalipo.b Analinso osamala kwambiri kuti atembenuze malemba akalewo monga mmene analembedwera koma m’chinenero chosavuta kumva. Moyenerera, akatswiri ena anatamanda matembenuzidwe ameneŵa kaamba ka kukhulupirika ndi kulondola kwake. Mwachitsanzo, magazini yotchedwa Andover Newton Quarterly ya January 1963 inati: “Kutembenuzidwa kwa Chipangano Chatsopano ndi umboni wakuti m’gululi muli akatswiri okhoza kuthetsa mwanzeru mavuto ambiri omwe amakhalapo potembenuza Baibulo.”

Otembenuzawo anathandiza kuti Baibulo limveke mwatsopano. Malemba a m’Baibulo omwe poyamba sankadziŵika bwino tanthauzo lake, anaŵamveketsa bwino zedi. Mwachitsanzo, lemba lovuta zedi la Mateyu 5:3, lakuti “Odala ali osauka mumzimu” (King James Version), linatembenuzidwa momveka bwino kuti: “Achimwemwe ali awo ozindikira kusoŵa kwawo kwauzimu.” Baibulo la New World Translation silisinthasintha mawu ake ofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, liwu lachigiriki lakuti psy·kheʹ, linatembenuzidwa kuti “soul” (Moyo) paliponse pomwe likupezeka. Chotero, oŵerenga angazindikire mwamsanga kuti moyo suli wosafa, mosiyana ndi ziphunzitso zina zachipembedzo!​—Mateyu 2:20; Marko 3:4; Luka 6:9; 17:33.

Kubwezeretsa Dzina la Mulungu

Chinthu chapadera kwambiri ndi New World Translation chinakhudza kubwezeretsedwa kwa dzina la Mulungu, Yehova. M’mabaibulo akale achihebri, dzina la Mulungu linalembedwa m’makonsonanti anayi omwe angatembenuzidwe kuti YHWH kapena JHVH. Dzina lapadera limeneli limapezeka pafupifupi nthaŵi ngati 7,000 m’chomwe amati Chipangano Chakale chokha. (Eksodo 3:15; Salmo 83:18) Mwachionekere, Mlengi wathu anafuna kuti olambira ake adziŵe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dzina limenelo!

Komabe, anthu achiyuda analeka kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la Mulungu limenelo chifukwa choopa malodza. Atumwi a Yesu atatha kumwalira, okopera Malemba Achigiriki anayamba kuchotsa dzina lenilenilo la Mulungu ndipo mmalo mwake analembamo liwu lachigiriki lakuti Kyʹri·os (Ambuye) kapena The·osʹ (Mulungu). Chomvetsa chisoni n’chakuti, otembenuza amakono akupitirizabe kutsanzira mwambo wosalemekeza Mulungu umenewu, kuchotsa dzina la Mulungu m’mabaibulo ambiri ndiponso kusanena kuti Mulungu ali ndi dzina. Mwachitsanzo, pa Yohane 17:6 pali mawu a Yesu akuti: “Ndalionetsera dzina lanu.” Koma Baibulo la Today’s English Version, limati: “Ndakudziŵikitsani.”

Akatswiri ena amavomereza kuchotsedwa kwa dzina la Mulungulo ati chifukwa chakuti katchulidwe kake kenikeni sikadziŵika. Komabe, mayina odziŵika a m’Baibulo monga Yeremiya, Yesaya, ndi Yesu amatembenuzidwa mofanana nthaŵi zonse koma osati monga mmene ankatchulidwira m’Chihebri choyambiriracho. Popeza kuti kalembedwe kakuti Yehova ndiyo njira yokhayo yovomerezeka yolembera dzina la Mulungu​—ndiponso lodziŵika zedi kwa anthu ambiri​—kuletsa kuligwiritsa ntchito kukusonyeza zolinga zosaona mtima.

Komiti Yotembenuza Baibulo ya New World Bible Translation inagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri dzina la Yehova m’zigawo zonse za Malemba Achihebri ndi Achigiriki omwe. Anali ndi maziko a zimenezi m’matembenuzidwe akale a amishonale otembenuzira anthu a ku Central America, South Pacific, ndi Kum’maŵa. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la Mulungu kumeneku, sikunatanthauze kuti mungolidziŵa chabe. Kudziŵa dzina la Mulungu n’kofunika kwambiri kuti mum’dziŵenso iyeyo monga munthu. (Eksodo 34:6, 7) Baibulo la New World Translation lalimbikitsa mamiliyoni a oŵerenga kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lake!

Kufikira Ena Osatha Kuŵerenga Chingelezi

Pakati pa 1963 ndi 1989, Baibulo lonse la New World Translation kapena zigawo zake chabe lakhala likupezeka m’zinenero khumi zowonjezera. Komabe, ntchito yotembenuza inali yolemetsa zedi, mwakuti ina imatha zaka makumi aŵiri kapena kuposa. Kenako, mu 1989 Dipatimenti Yothandiza Otembenuza inakhazikitsidwa kulikulu ladziko lonse la Mboni za Yehova. Motsogozedwa ndi Komiti Yolemba ya Bungwe Lolamulira, dipatimenti imeneyi inayamba ntchito yothandizira kuti Baibulo lizitembenuzidwa mwachangu. Anayambitsa njira yamakono yotembenuzira. Njirayi inaphatikiza kuphunzira mawu a m’Baibulo ndi sayansi ya kompyuta. Kodi dongosolo limeneli limagwira ntchito motani?

Komiti Yolemba itavomereza kuti Baibulo litembenuzidwe m’chinenero chatsopano, imasankha gulu la Akristu odzipatulira kuti atumikire monga gulu lotembenuza. Magulu angatulutse matembenuzidwe abwino kwambiri kuposa omwe munthu mmodzi payekha angatulutse. (Yerekezani ndi Miyambo 11:14.) Kwenikweni, aliyense wam’gululo amakhala woti anagwirapo ntchito yotembenuza zofalitsa za Sosaite. Ndiyeno gululo limaphunzitsidwa bwino lomwe malamulo otembenuzira Baibulo komanso mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mapologalamu apadera a pakompyuta. Kompyuta siitembenuza, koma imathandiza gululo kupeza mfundo zofunika kwambiri komanso kuwathandiza kusunga bwino zosankha zawo.

Ntchito yotembenuza Baibulo imakhala ndi zigawo ziŵiri. M’chigawo choyamba, otembenuza amapatsidwa mpambo wa mawu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mu New World Translation yachingelezi. Mawu amatanthauzo ofanana m’Chingelezi monga “atone,” “atonement,” ndi “propitiation,” amaikidwa pamodzi, kudziŵitsa wotembenuza za kusiyana kosaonekera msanga kwa matanthauzo a mawu ameneŵa. Amasanja mpambo wa mawu ofanana nawo koma achinenero chawo. Komabe, nthaŵi zina, wotembenuza angavutike kutanthauzira vesi. Dongosolo lina lapakompyuta limathandiza wotembenuza kupeza chidziŵitso chokhudza mawu Achigiriki ndi Chihebri, ndipo limam’patsanso ndandanda ya zofalitsa za Watch Tower momwe angamve zochuluka.

Pamene ntchitoyo ifika m’chigawo chachiŵiri, kompyuta imalemba mawu osankhidwa achinenero chinacho m’Baibulo lomwe likutembenuzidwalo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti matembenuzidwewo akhale olondola ndi osasinthasintha mawu. Komabe, malemba ameneŵa omwe kompyuta imaikamo mawu osankhidwawo amavuta kuŵerenga kwabasi. Pamakhalanso ntchito yambiri yokonza ndi kulembanso bwino mavesi a m’Baibulo kuti akhale oŵerengeka mwa myaa.

Dongosolo lotembenuzira limeneli, lasonyeza kukhala logwira mtima kwambiri. Gulu limodzi linali lokhoza kutembenuza Malemba Achihebri onse m’zaka ziŵiri zokha. Yerekezani limeneli ndi gulu lina lomwe linatembenuzanso m’chinenero chofanana ndi chimenechi koma popanda kuthandizidwa ndi kompyuta. Zinaŵatengera zaka 16. Kufikira tsopano, Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu afalitsidwa m’zinenero zinanso zokwana 18 chiyambire 1989. Tsopano zigawo kapena Baibulo lonse la New World Translation likupezeka m’zinenero 34. Mwakuti kuposa 80 peresenti ya Mboni za Yehova zili ndi Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu m’chinenero chawo.

Bungwe la United Bible Societies linapereka lipoti lakuti zigawo za Baibulo zikupezeka m’zinenero 2,212 mwa zinenero zonse 6,500 zadziko lapansi.c Choncho, otembenuza ena okwana 100 akutembenuza New World Translation la Malemba Achihebri m’zinenero 11, komanso la Malemba Achigiriki m’zinenero 8. Mulungu chifuniro chake “n’chakuti anthu a mtundu uliwonse apulumuke nafike pa chidziŵitso cholongosoka cha choonadi.” (1 Timoteo 2:4 NW) Mosakayika, New World Translation lipitirizabe kuchita mbali yofunika zedi pankhani imeneyi.

Choncho ife tikusangalala kuti matembenuzidwe ameneŵa aposa chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha makope 100 miliyoni, ndipo tili ndi chikhulupiriro kuti mamiliyoni ena ambiri atulutsidwanso m’tsogolo muno. Tikukulimbikitsani kuliŵerenga nokha. Mudzasangalala ndi zinthu zambiri zapadera monga: zilembo zooneka bwino, mutu patsamba lililonse, zisonyezero za nkhani zomwe zidzakuthandizani kupeza mavesi odziŵika mosavuta, mapu olongosoledwa bwino, ndi zina zowonjezera zabwino kwambiri. Chofunika koposa, mungaŵerenge Baibulo limeneli ndi chidaliro chakuti likufalitsadi mawu enieni a Mulungu m’chinenero chanu.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 29]

“Kutembenuzidwa kwa Chipangano Chatsopano ndi umboni wakuti m’gululi muli akatswiri okhoza kuthetsa mwanzeru mavuto ambiri omwe amakhalapo potembenuza Baibulo.”​—ANDOVER NEWTON QUARTERLY, JANUARY 1963

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 30]

“Matembenuzidwe ayenera kuyendera limodzi ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukatswiri wa za Baibulo komanso kusintha kwa chinenero”

[Bokosi/​Chithunzi patsamba 31]

AKATSWIRI ATAMANDA NEW WORLD TRANSLATION

PONENA za New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures, Edgar J. Goodspeed, yemwe anatembenuza malemba Achigiriki a “Chipangano Chatsopano” mu An America Translation, analemba m’kalata yake ya pa December 8, 1950 kuti: “Ndili ndi chidwi ndi ntchito yaumishonale ya anthu anu, ndi kufalikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi, ndiponso ndakopeka ndi matembenuzidwe ake ofeŵa, achilungamo ndi atsatanetsatane. Ndingachitire umboni kuti likusonyeza ukatswiri weniweni. “

Katswiri wina wa Chihebri ndi Chigiriki Alexander Thomson analemba kuti: “N’zoonekeratu kuti kutembenuzaku kunachitika ndi akatswiri aluso komanso anzeru, omwe ayesetsa kutulutsa kamvekedwe kake kenikeni ka malemba achigiriki monga mmene chinenero chachingelezi chingaŵalongosolere.”​—The Differentiator, April 1952, masamba 52-7.

Polofesa Benjamin Kedar, katswiri wa Chihebri wa ku Israyeli, mu 1989 ananena kuti: “M’kufufuza kwanga zinenero zokhudza Baibulo lachihebri ndi matembenuzidwe ake, nthaŵi zonse ndimagwiritsa ntchito Baibulo lachingelezi lotchedwa New World Translation. Potero, ndimakhala wotsimikizira mobwerezabwereza kuti Baibulo limeneli likusonyeza kuyesayesa moona mtima kumveketsa bwino malemba mmene kungathekere.”