Aisrayeli ndi Mitundu Yowazungulira
YEHOVA anauza Abrahamu kuti: ‘Tuluka iwe ku Uri m’Mesopotamiya kumka ku dziko limene ndidzakusonyeza iwe.’ M’dziko limene anali kudzam’sonyezalo munali kukhala anthu ndipo linazunguliridwa ndi mitundu ina.—Gen. 12:1-3; 15:17-19.
Pamene anthu a Mulungu anali kuchoka ku Igupto, iwo anali kudziŵa kuti angakumane ndi kulimbana ndi adani awo, monga “amphamvu a ku Moabu.” (Eks. 15:14, 15) Amaleki, Amoabu, Aamoni, ndi Aamori anali m’njira imene Israyeli anali kudzadutsa popita ku Dziko Lolonjezedwa. (Num. 21:11-13; Deut. 2:17-33; 23:3, 4) Ndipo Aisrayeliwo akakumana ndi mitundu inanso imene inali adani awo m’dziko limene Mulungu anawalonjezalo.
Mulungu anauza Israyeli kuti ‘akachotse mitundu yaikulu’ isanu ndi iŵiri—Ahiti, Agirigasi, Aamori, Akanani, Aperizi, Ahivi, ndi Ayebusi—imene inayenera kuwonongedwa. Mitundu imeneyi inali ndi makhalidwe onyansa komanso chipembedzo chawo chinali choipa. Milungu yawo ina inali Baala (wotchuka ndi zipilala zamiyala zoimira mpheto ya mwamuna), Moleki (amene iwo anali kuperekako ana awo nsembe), ndi Asitaroti (Astarte) mulungu wamkazi wa kubala.—Deut. 7:1-4; 12:31; Eks. 23:23; Lev. 18:21-25; 20:2-5; Ower. 2:11-14; Sal. 106:37, 38.
Nthaŵi zina dera lonse limene Mulungu anali kupatsa Israyeli linkatchedwa “Kanani,” kuyambira kumpoto kwa Sidoni mpaka “ku mtsinje wa Aigupto.” (Num. 13:2, 21; 34:2-12; Gen. 10:19) Ndipo nthaŵi zina Baibulo limatchula mitundu yosiyanasiyana, midzi yokhala ndi maboma awoawo, kapena anthu a m’dzikolo. Ena anali ndi malo awoawo, monga Afilisti omwe ankakhala kunyanja ndi Ayebusi omwe ankakhala m’mapiri apafupi ndi Yerusalemu. (Num. 13:29; Yos. 13:3) Ena m’kupita kwa nthaŵi anasintha malo awo kapena madera awo.—Gen. 34:1, 2; 49:30; Yos. 1:4; 11:3; Ower. 1:16, 23-26.
Nthaŵi imene Aisrayeli anali kuchoka ku Igupto, Aamori ayenera kuti ndiwo anali mtundu wamphamvu pa mitundu yonse.a (Deut. 1:19-21; Yos. 24:15) Iwo anali atalanda dziko la Moabu mpaka kuchigwa cha Arinoni, ngakhale kuti dera la tsidya lina la Yordano kuchokera ku Yeriko linali kutchedwabe kuti “zidikha za Moabu.” Mafumu a Aamori analamuliranso Basana ndi Gileadi.—Num. 21:21-23, 33-35; 22:1; 33:46-51.
Ngakhale kuti Mulungu anali kuthandiza Aisrayeli, iwo sanawononge mitundu yonseyo imene iye anaweruza kuti iwonongedwe, ndipo m’kupita kwa nthaŵi mitunduyo inakhala msampha kwa Israyeli. (Num. 33:55; Yos. 23:13; Ower. 2:3; 3:5, 6; 2 Maf. 21:11) Inde, Aisrayeli anasocheretsedwa ngakhale kuti anachenjezedwa kuti: “Musamatsata milungu ina, milungu ina ya mitundu ya anthu akuzinga inu.”—Deut. 6:14; 13:7.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a Mofanana ndi mawu akuti “Akanani,” mawu akuti “Aamori” anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira mitundu yonse ya m’dzikolo kapenanso mtundu umodzi wokha.—Gen. 15:16; 48:22.
[Mapu patsamba 11]
(Onani m’kabuku kenikeni kuti mumvetse izi)
Mitundu Yofunika Kuilanda Dziko Lolonjezedwa
FILISTIYA (D8)
C8 Asikeloni
C9 Gaza
D8 Asidodo
D8 Gati
D9 Gerari
KANANI (D8)
B10 AAMALEKI
C12 Hazara Adara (Adara?)
C12 Kadesi (Kadesi Barinea)
D8 Lakisi
D9 Beereseba
D10 AAMORI
D11 NEGEBU
E4 Doro
E5 Megido
E5 Taanaki
E6 Afeki
E6 AHIVI
E7 AYEBUSI
E8 Bete-semesi
E8 Hebroni (Kiriyati-araba)
E9 AHITI
E9 Dibri
E10 Aradi (Mkanani)
E10 AKENI
E11 Akrabimu
F4 AGIRIGASI
F6 Sekemu
F7 APERIZI
F7 Giligala
F7 Yeriko
F8 Yerusalemu
G2 AHIVI
G2 Dani (Laisi)
G3 Hazoro
FOINIKE (F2)
E2 Turo
F1 Sidoni
EDOMU (F12)
F11 S E I R I
G11 Bozara
AAMORI (SIHONI) (G8)
G6 GILEADI
G7 Sitimu
G7 Hesiboni
G9 Aroeri
SURIYA (H1)
G1 Baala-gadi
G2 AHIVI
I1 Damasiko
MOABU (H10)
AMONI (OG) (I5)
G6 GILEADI
H3 BASANA
H4 Asitorotu
H4 Edrei
AMONI (I7)
H7 Raba
[Chipululu]
H12 CHIPULULU CHA ARABIYA
[Mapiri]
E4 Phiri la Karimeli
E11 Phiri la Hori
G1 Phiri la Herimoni
G8 Phiri la Nebo
[Nyanja]
C6 Nyanja ya Mediterranean (Nyanja Yaikulu)
F9 Nyanja ya Mchere
G4 Nyanja ya Galileya
[Mitsinje]
B11 C. cha Igupto
F6 Mtsinje wa Yordano
G6 C. cha Yaboki
G9 C. cha Arinoni
G11 C. cha Zaredi
[Chithunzi patsamba 10]
Kumanja: Mfumu Ogi ya Aamori inalamulira Basana, dera lotchuka ndi ng’ombe ndi nkhosa zake
M’munsimu: Moabu, kutsidya linalo la Nyanja ya Mchere kuli chipululu cha Yuda
[Chithunzi patsamba 11]
Yehova anauza Israyeli kulanda malo mitundu yolambira milungu yonama, monga Baala, Moleki, ndi Asitaroti (ali apayu) mulungu wamkazi wa kubala