Lingaliro la Baibulo
Kodi Kuchita Matsenga Kuli ndi Upandu?
‘PALI mkhalidwe wabata wopereka chithunzi cha matsenga. Mwadzidzidzi, kulira kwa ng’oma kumveka. Anthu onse asumika maso awo pa amuna aŵiri onyamula mfuti amene avala mayunifomu. Akumaika mfuti zawo pa pheŵa, iwo atetekera pa wamatsenga wa ku China amene wavala mkanjo wokongola. Iyeyo wadzitchinga ndi mbale ya dothi pachifuŵa pake. Mfutizo zikulilima ndi kung’anima. Pomwepo wamatsengayo agwera pansi, akumakha mwazi kowopsa. Chionetsero chachiphamaso chotchinga zipolopolo chakhala tsoka.’ Machenjera opangidwa pa imodzi ya mfutizo alephera akumachititsa chipolopolo kutuluka ndi kuloŵa m’chifuŵa cha wamatsengayo. Limasimba motero buku la Henry Gordon’s World of Magic.
Ndikuwononga mphatso ya moyo kotani nanga—pachifukwa chabe cha chikondwerero ndi kusanguluka zimene matsenga a mtundu umenewo amadzetsa. Kodi nzimene mwanena? Kapena kodi muganiza kuti zangokhala imodzi ya ngozi zimene zimakhalapo pa machitidwe ameneŵa? Mulimonse mmene mungayankhire, pamene chionetsero chachiphamasochi chinalephera chinakhala chakupha. Zimenezi zimatikakamiza kufunsa kuti: Kodi pali upandu wobisika kwambiri wogwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchita matsenga? Kuti tipeze yankho, tiyeni tipende magwero a luso lamakedzana limeneli.
Chisonkhezero cha Matsenga m’Mbiri Yonse
Kuyambira kalekale m’mbiri, munthu wachita chidwi ndipo wasonkhezeredwa ndi chinsinsi cha matsenga. Liwu Lachingelezi lakuti “magic” (matsenga) latengedwa ku dzina lakuti “magi,” gulu la ansembe a ku Peresiya wamakedzana amene anali akatswiri m’zamatsenga. M’lingaliro lake lalikulu, matsenga ndiwo kuyesayesa kulamulira kapena kuumiriza mphamvu zachilengedwe kapena zosakhala zaumunthu kuchita chifuniro cha munthu. Igupto wa m’zaka za zana la 18 B.C.E. analemba ntchito ansembe ochita matsenga. Matsenga analinso ndi mbali yaikulu m’chipembedzo cha Akasidi amakedzana a ku Babulo m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu B.C.E. (Genesis 41:8, 24; Yesaya 47:12-14; Danieli 2:27; 4:7) Chisonkhezero chimenechi chinali chofala pakati pa Agiriki ndi Aroma amakedzana ndi m’Nyengo Zapakati kufikira m’zaka za zana lathu la 20 lino.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matsenga ingaikidwe m’magulu angapo. Robert A. Stebbins, m’buku lake lakuti The Magician amaika matsenga m’magulu atatu.
Mitundu Itatu ya Matsenga
Matsenga achinsinsi “amasonyeza zinsinsi.” Iwo amati “zochitika kapena michitidwe imene simadziŵika ndi nzeru za munthu kapena ndi sayansi” zili “zowona kapena zotsimikizirika.” Stebbins akufotokoza mowonjezereka kuti “matsenga achinsinsi ngothandiza kwambiri m’kupenduza, . . . ufiti, kuchita zozizwitsa, ndipo, m’mikhalidwe ina, m’chipembedzo.”
Mu matsenga achiphamaso, “amatsengawo amapotoza kapena kunyengeza nzeru za openyerera za kuzindikira zenizeni kuti akhale otchuka.” Iwo amadziŵa kuti akunyenga anthu, koma malinga nkunena kwa Stebbins, “amalimbikitsa openyerera matsenga kukhulupirira kuti nzowona—kukhulupirira kuti, pokhala amatsenga, iwo ali ndi mphamvu zosakhala zaumunthu kapena kuti ali ndi unansi wapadera ndi mizimu imene ili ndi mphamvuzo.”
Matsenga osangulutsa ali ncholinga chozizwitsa ena kupyolera m’chiphamaso chosangalatsa. Iwo amachitidwa m’njira zisanu zazikulu koma zofananako zotsatirazi: “matsenga ochitira pa pulatifomu, matsenga ochitira pafupi ndi openyerera, akugwiritsira ntchito dzanja mwamachenjera, chionetsero chachiphamaso, ndi akulotera za m’maganizo mwa wina.”
Kodi Nzaupandu kwa Akristu?
Choyamba tiyeni tipende matsenga achinsinsi. Matsenga achinsinsi amachitidwa mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pali olambira Satana amene amachita matsenga “abwino” ndi “oipa.” Matsenga “oipa” amaphatikizapo kulodza, kutemberera kolodza, ndi diso lankhwezule zovulazira adani a munthu. Komabe, matsenga “abwino” ali ncholinga cha kuchita zabwino mwakufumula mankhwala olodzera ndi kufafaniza matemberero. Komatu, zonsezo zili mitundu ya matsenga kapena chinsinsi. Nthaŵi zina matsenga achinsinsi amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuchititsa kututa kwabwino kapena kukhozetsa wochita mpikisano wa kuthamanga kupambana. Chikhalirechobe, ponena za mtundu umenewu wa matsenga ochita ndi mizimu, Baibulo mosabisa limati: “Musamachita nyanga, kapena kuombeza ula.”—Levitiko 19:26; Deuteronomo 18:9-14; Machitidwe 19:18, 19.
Kodi upandu wa matsenga onyengeza uli pati? Openda zikhato, olosera mwaŵi, ndi ochiritsa ndi chikhulupiriro, kutchula zoŵerengeka chabe, amagwiritsira ntchito matsenga achiphamaso kaamba ka mapindu awo. Kodi iwo samakhalira bodza m’ntchito yawo? Mawu a Mulungu amati: ‘Musamanyenga, kapena kunamizana.’—Levitiko 19:11.
The Encyclopedia Americana imati: “Nthaŵi zina, zochita zamatsenga zingaitanitse mizimu.” Kodi tikufuna kuitana mavuto a mizimu ya ziŵanda mwakudziloŵetsa m’machitachita otero? Zitapatsidwa mpata, ziŵanda zingathe ndipo zidzatiloŵerera. Zimafunafuna ‘nthaŵi yoyenera’ ndipo sizimalema pa zoyesayesa zawo.—Luka 4:13; Yakobo 1:14.
Palibe katswiri wamkulu paluso la mabodza ndi chinyengo kusiyapo Satana Mdyerekezi. Iye wakhala akuchita luso limeneli chiyambire machitidwe ake oyambirira pamaso pa munthu m’munda wa Edene. (Genesis 3:1-19) Kodi ndi Mkristu wotani amene angafune kufanana naye? Mmalomwake, Akristu amalangizidwa ‘kukhala akutsanza a Mulungu’ ndi ‘kumvera Mulungu koma kukaniza Mdyerekezi.’—Aefeso 5:1; Yakobo 4:7.
Komabe, anthu ochuluka amagwirizanitsa liwulo “matsenga” ndi kusanguluka. Munthu angachite zionetsero zachiphamaso ndi manja ake (kugwiritsira ntchito dzanja mwamachenjera), pokumbukira kuti dzanja kaŵirikaŵiri limafulumirapo kuchita zinthu kuposa liŵiro la diso la kuzindikira zinthuzo. Mwina Baibulo silingatsutse zimenezi. Komabe, ngati pali kuyerekezera zamatsenga, kodi Mkristu angafune konse kupereka chithunzi chakuti ali ndi mphamvu zoposa zaumunthu, zovuta kufotokoza? Kapena ngati ena atengapo chithunzi cholakwika pa machitidwe “amatsengawo,” kodi Mkristu sangafune kulepa kusanguluka koteroko kuti asakhumudwitse ena? (1 Akorinto 10:29, 31-33) Ndiponso, pali upandu wothekera wakuti munthuyo angayesedwe kuchita zoposapo, kukhala wokhwimirapo m’zamatsenga.
Chotero, ponena za matsenga amene mwachionekere ali ogwirizana ndi kukhulupirira mizimu, Akristu owona, mwanzeru amapeŵa kuwachita. Ndiponso, m’mbali zonse za moyo wa Mkristu—kaya pantchito, pamaseŵera, kapena posanguluka—adzafuna “kukhala nacho chikumbumtima chabwino,” chikumbumtima chimene sichimalola kuchimwira Mulungu kapena munthu.—1 Petro 3:16; Machitidwe 24:16.
[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 12]
The Bettmann Archive