Kodi Wantchito Ayenera Malipiro Ake?

TAONANI anthuwa! Amaoneka ngati kuti sakhoza kukhala ndi moyo, kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala m’nyumba zauve, nthaŵi zambiri amakhala ndi zofunika zokwanira kukhalira moyo basi, ngakhale kuti ambiri a iwo amakhala ndi kulerera mabanja m’dziko lolemera. Iwo ali antchito oyendayenda, amene mu United States mokha alimo ochuluka kufika pa mamiliyoni asanu, amathyola zipatso ndi ndiwo m’makampani aakulu koposa a dzikolo.

Onani matupi awo okhala ndi zipsera ndi opweteka akugwira ntchito zolimba m’dzuŵa loŵaula. Tawapenyani akuyesayesa kuwongola msana pambuyo poŵerama kwa maola ambiri, kuthyola ndiwo zimene zidzakongoletsa mashelufu ndi zitini za m’magolosale ndi masitolo akuluakulu. Kuyambira mmaŵa mpaka madzulo, masiku asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi aŵiri pa mlungu adzakhala akugwira ntchito. Taonani anawo, akugwira ntchito pamodzi ndi makolo awo ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri ndi agogo awo. Achichepere ambiri amachotsedwa pasukulu pausinkhu waung’ono chifukwa chakuti makolo awo amasamukira kumalo kumene mbewu zikukololedwa, nyengo ndi nyengo. Amachita zonsezi kuti angopeza populumukira.

Kodi phokoso losalekeza la ndege youluka cha m’munsi likukunyansani pamene muona antchito ameneŵa akugwira ntchito zolimba m’minda? Kodi mankhwala ophera tizilombo onunkha otuluka kumpopi wa ndegeyo akuchititsa maso anu kupweteka ndi khungu lanu kulasa ndi kuyabwa? Kodi mukuchita mantha ndi maupandu ake okhalako pambuyo pa nthaŵi yaifupi kapena yaitali pa inu? Antchitowo amawopa. Mankhwalawo nthaŵi zonse amakhala ku zovala zawo, m’mphuno mwawo, m’mapapu mwawo. Iwo aona mankhwala akupha ameneŵa akukhala ndi chiyambukiro chovulaza pa ana awo ndi makolo awo okalamba. Iwo aona ziŵalo za banja ndi ogwira nawo ntchito akulemala pausinkhu wachichepere chifukwa cha kuloŵedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Mwana wina, tsopano ali kuchiyambi kwa zaka zake za pakati pa 13 ndi 19, anabadwa ndi nsukunyu yoguluka, wopanda mnofu wakulamanja kwa chifuŵa chake, ndipo mbali imodzi ya nkhope yake inali yozizira. Atate wake akukhulupirira kuti kupunduka kwake kunachititsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amene anawazidwa m’minda ya strawberry panthaŵi imene amayi ake anali ndi pathupi. Kwasimbidwa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo amayambukira ogwira ntchito 300,000 pachaka ndi kuti antchito oyendayendawo amakhala ndi opunduka kuŵirikiza nthaŵi zisanu kuposa ogwira ntchito ku indasitale ina iliyonse.

Ngati mtima wanu sunagwidwe ndi chisoni mwa kungoona mmene akugwirira ntchito zolimba m’mindamo kapena kuona nyumba zawo zauve, pamenepo mvetserani mawu awo. “Ntchito imeneyi imatopetsa kotheratu,” akuusa moyo motero nakubala wina wa ana asanu ndi aŵiri pambuyo pogwira ntchito ya kalavula gaga m’munda kwa tsiku lonse. “Mwinamwake ndidzangosamba ndi kugona. Ndinagona itapita 4 koloko m’maŵa uno ndipo sindinapeze nthaŵi yophika chakudya chamasana, choncho sindinadye. Tsopano ndatopa kwambiri kwakuti sindingathe kudya.” Manja ake achita matuza. Kudya ndi foloko kapena supuni kukapweteketsa matuzawo.

“Nthaŵi zina [ana athu] amatithandiza kothera kwa mlungu,” akutero nakubala wina, “ndipo amadziŵa zimene kugwira ntchito m’minda kumatanthauza. Samafuna kuchita zimenezo kuti apeze zofunika za moyo. . . . Ndidakali ndi minga m’manja mwanga imene inandilasa pothyola malalanje nyengo yachisanu ya chaka chatha.” Mwamuna wake anati: “Timagwira ntchito kuyambira mmaŵa mpaka madzulo masiku asanu ndi limodzi pamlungu. . . . Koma mwina tidzakhala tikuchita zimenezi kwa moyo wathu wonse. Kodi tingachitenso chiyani?” Onse pamodzi okwatiranawo amalandira malipiro ochepa okwanira $10,000 pachaka—mlingo waumphaŵi malinga ndi miyezo ya ku America.

Antchitowo amawopa kudandaula kuwopera kuchotsedwa ntchito. “Ukadandaula,” anatero mwamuna wina, “sadzakulembanso ntchito.” Antchito oyendayenda ambiri ali amuna ndi atate amene asiya mabanja awo kutsatira mbewu chifukwa chakuti malo amene amakhalamo, kaŵirikaŵiri misasa ya antchito 300, ya nyumba zamatabwa, amakhala auve ndi aang’ono kwambiri kwakuti ziŵalo zina za mabanja awo sizingathe kukhalamo. “Kungakhale kwabwino kwambiri kukhala ndi [banja langa] chaka chonse,” anatero tate wina, “koma izi nzimene ndiyenera kuchita.” “Tafika kale pamkhalidwe woipitsitsa,” anatero mwamuna wina. “Mkhalidwe wathu sungaipe kuposa apa, chotero uyenera kuwongokera.” Kuwonjezera pa mavutowo, ambiri a ameneŵa amalandiranso malipiro ochepetsetsa. Kwa ena, $10,000 pachaka kwa banja la antchito imaonekera kukhala yosapezeka, malipiro omwe sangayembekezere kuwafikira. “Eni minda yazipatso ndi mafamu angalipire malipiro amene amaperekedwa ku Maiko Osauka ndi kungothamangitsa antchito amene sachita zinthu monga momwe auzidwira,” anatero magazini a People Weekly. Yesu anati, “Wantchito ayenera malipiro ake.” (Luka 10:7, NW) Antchito oyendayenda ayenera kudabwa kuti lamulo limeneli lidzagwira ntchito liti m’miyoyo yawo.

Awo Amene Amaphunzitsa Ana Athu

Tsopano, talingalirani za awo amene ntchito zawo zawapatsa thayo la kuphunzitsa ana ndi akulu kuŵerenga, kulemba, kutchula mawu, masamu, sayansi, makhalidwe a pantchito—mbali za maphunziro oyambirira. M’makoleji ndi mayunivesite, aphunzitsi amaphunzitsa lamulo, mankhwala, chemistry, uinjiniya, electronics ndi makompyuta, maphunziro amene amapereka ntchito zokhala ndi malipiro apamwamba m’nyengo ino ya maluso a zopangapanga opita patsogolo. Chifukwa cha kufunika koposa kwa uphunzitsi, kodi aphunzitsi ameneŵa sangakhale poyambirira monga awo oyenera malipiro olingana ndi utumiki wofunika koposa woperekedwawo? Pamene tiyerekezera anthu amene malipiro awo amaonekera kukhala osalingana konse ndi ntchito imene amachita, kungaonekere kuti chitaganya chinaika mtengo wochepa pa ntchito yophunzitsa.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino la 20, kuphunzitsa kwakhala ntchito yaupandu kwambiri m’malo ena, osati kokha m’sukulu zasekondale zokha komanso zapulaimale. M’malo ena aphunzitsi amalangizidwa kuyenda ndi ndodo m’kalasi ndi kumabwalo oseŵerera ana kuti adzichinjirize kwa ana opulupudza. Ana asukulu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana amanyamula mfuti ndi mipeni m’matumba mwawo ndi m’mabokosi onyamulira zakudya.

Aphunzitsi, ponse paŵiri aamuna ndi aakazi, avulazidwa ndi ophunzira. Posachedwapa, m’sukulu zasekondale aphunzitsi oposa 47,000 ndi ophunzira 2.5 miliyoni anakhala mikhole ya upandu. “Vutolo lili kulikonse,” inasimba motero nyuzipepala ya aphunzitsi ya NEA Today, “koma nzoipa kwambiri m’madera a m’tauni, kumene chaka chilichonse mphunzitsi amayang’anizana ndi ngozi ya kuukiridwa kusukulu kwa nthaŵi 1 mwa 50.” Kufalikira kwa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oledzeretsa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa m’sukulu kwachititsa aphunzitsi kulefulidwa mowonjezereka.

Kuwonjezera pa vuto lawo, m’madera ena aphunzitsi amayembekezeredwa kupitiriza ndi maphunziro awo m’nthaŵi yonse ya ntchito yawo, kugwiritsira ntchito nthaŵi yawo yopuma kuchita makosi apamwamba kapena kufika pamisonkhano kapena masemina a aphunzitsi a phunziro lomwe amaphunzitsa. Komabe, kodi zingakudabwitseni kudziŵa kuti m’mizinda ina yaikulu mu United States, malipiro a ogwira ntchito pasukulu—awo amene ali ndi thayo la kusesa ndi kukonza sukulu—angapose malipiro a aphunzitsi ndi $20,000?

Malipiro a aphunzitsi amasiyanasiyana m’dziko ndi dziko, boma ndi boma, ndi chigawo ndi chigawo chinzake. M’maiko ena malipiro a aphunzitsi ngotsika koposa m’dzikomo. Ngakhale m’maiko olemera kwambiri, malipoti amasonyeza kuti kaamba ka thayo lomwe lili pa aphunzitsi, malipiro awo ali osayenerera.

Monga kunasimbidwa mu The New York Times, wosuliza wina wa malipiro a aphunzitsi anati: “Ntchito zofunikira kudzipereka mu United States, monga ngati kuphunzitsa . . . , nthaŵi zonse zabwezeredwa kapena kulipiridwa mosakwanira. Nthaŵi zonse anthu alingalira kuti, ‘eya, nzimene [zimawakondweretsa], nzimene amakonda kuchita.’ Sindiganiza kuti kulingalira koteroko nkolungama, ndipo sindiganiza kuti nkwanzeru.” Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani lipoti ili la mu The New York Times: “Malipiro a ogwira ntchito yophunzitsa ndi yoyang’anira pa Koleji ndi Yunivesite m’chaka chasukulu cha 1991-92 anakwera ndi mlingo waung’ono kwambiri m’zaka 20,” avareji ya 3.5 peresenti. “Pamene chiwonjezeko cha 3.5 peresenti chimenechi chisinthidwa chifukwa cha kukwera mitengo kwa zinthu,” anatero wofufuza wina, “malipiro anawonjezeka pang’ono kwambiri ndi 0.4 peresenti.” Ambiri akudera nkhaŵa kuti chifukwa cha malipiro ochepa amene amaperekedwa kwa aphunzitsi athayo, ambiri angakakamizike kusiya ntchito yophunzitsa kufuna ntchito zokhala ndi malipiro ochuluka.

Ndiyeno Pali Maseŵera

Chitsanzo choonetsa kusiyana kwa malipiro ndi cha zamaseŵera. Kodi ndimotani mmene antchito oyendayenda osaukawo ndi aphunzitsi olandira malipiro osakwanirawo amaonera malipiro opambanitsa a oseŵera?

Kodi wapolisi wamba woyendayenda ndi wogwira ntchito yozima moto wokhala tcheru kumvetsera kulira kwa belu lochenjeza za moto—anthu amene amaika miyoyo yawo pangozi tsiku ndi tsiku—amavomereza malipiro ochulukitsitsa amene akatswiri oseŵera amalandira chifukwa chakuti amatamandidwa kukhala ngwazi? Mu United States, maofisala apolisi oposa 700 aphedwa ali pantchito m’zaka khumi zapita. Imfa za ogwira ntchito yozima moto nazonso nzochuluka. Komabe, akatswiri ophunzira kwambiri ameneŵa azindikiridwa padziko lonse kukhala osalipiridwa mokwanira kwambiri. Kodi iwo sangakayikire mtengo umene chitaganya chaika pa ntchito zawo ndi miyoyo yawo?

Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za baseball—maseŵera achikoka kwambiri mu United States, Canada, ndi Japan. Oseŵera oposa 200 a m’magulu a matimu aakulu mu United States amalandira madola oposa miliyoni imodzi pachaka. Pamapeto pa mpikisano wa baseball wa 1992, oseŵera 100 anasaina mapangano owatsimikizira malipiro a ndalama zokwanira $516 miliyoni. Pa ameneŵa, 23 anasaina mapangano a ndalama zoposa $3 miliyoni pachaka. Opambana malipiro aakulu ameneŵa a oseŵera otchuka pang’ono ali mapangano a awo amene ali otchuka koposa, amene anasainira ndalama zoposa $43 miliyoni kuti aseŵere kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi $36 miliyoni kuti aseŵere kwa zaka zisanu. Chaka chilichonse malipirowo amapitiriza kuwonjezereka, ndipo zolembedwa zatsopano za malipiro apamwamba koposa zakhazikitsidwa m’mbiri ya baseball. Maseŵera a football a ku America nawonso aona kukwera kwa malipiro a oseŵera kufika pa $500,000 woseŵera mmodzi.

Malipiro ameneŵa amadzutsa funso lakuti, Kodi woŵerenga wamba angayerekezere kulandira cheke chamalipiro $62,500 mlungu ndi mlungu? “Komabe zimenezo nzomwe onse oseŵera malo a quarterback mu National Football League olandira madola mamiliyoni ambiri amachita mlungu uliwonse mkati mwa nyengo yoseŵera ya milungu 16,” inasimba motero The New York Times. “Kapena bwanji ponena za woseŵera baseball wolandira $2 miliyoni, amene amalandira cheke chamalipiro a $75,000 milungu iŵiri iliyonse? Pambuyo popereka misonkho, amatsala ndi $50,000 yoti imuthandize movutikira kufika pa deti la 15 la mweziwo.” Zimenezi sizimaphatikizapo ndalama zimene katswiri wamaseŵerayo amalipiridwa chifukwa choika dzina lake ndi chivomerezo chake pa zinthu zamalonda, pa mipira ya baseball yokhala ndi dzina lake, masaini a katswiriyo opatsa ochemerera, ndi ndalama zolandiridwa kuti aonekere kwa anthu, zimene zonse pamodzi zimafika mamiliyoni. Panonso, kodi mphunzitsi wolandira malipiro ochepa angaganizenji pamene iye amalandira ndalama zochepa pachaka chimodzi poyerekezera ndi zimene woseŵera amalandira m’kuseŵera kumodzi?

Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya wailesi yakanema, akatswiri a golf, tennis, basketball ndi hockey alandiranso ndalama zochuluka. Akatswiri a maseŵera ameneŵa amaŵerengera malipiro awo m’mamiliyoni. Pangano la zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi la $42 miliyoni lasainidwa ndi katswiri woseŵera hockey. Woseŵera hockey wina amalandira $22 miliyoni m’zaka zisanu, avareji ya $4.4 miliyoni nyengo iliyonse ngakhale ngati sanaseŵere chifukwa cha kuvulala kapena kudwala.

Pa mpikisano wina wa tennis pakati pa akatswiri aŵiri, wina wamwamuna ndi wina wamkazi—womwe unatchedwa “Nkhondo ya Amuna ndi Akazi”—aŵiriwo anapikisana mwamphamvu pabwalo loseŵerera mumpikisano umene wopambana akatenga ndalama zonse za mphotho za $500,000. Ngakhale kuti mwamunayo anapata mphothoyo, kukusimbidwa kuti onse aŵiri analandira “malipiro ochuluka a kuseŵera, amene sanalengezedwe koma anayerekezeredwa kukhala ochokera pa $200,000 kufika pa $500,000 aliyense.”

M’maiko onga ngati Britain, Italy, Japan, ndi Spain, kutchula oŵerengeka okha, malipiro a akatswiri oseŵera awonjezeka kwambiri—unyinji wochititsa mantha wa madola mamiliyoni. Zonsezi zinachititsa katswiri woseŵera tennis kutchula malipiro a m’ma 1990 kukhala “ochulukitsitsa monyansa.”

Komabe, zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti akatswiri oseŵera ayenera kukhala ndi liwongo chifukwa cha malipiro okwera ameneŵa. Ali eni matimuwo amene amapereka malipiro okwera kwa oseŵera aluso. Oseŵerawo amangotenga zimene apatsidwa. Oseŵera ndiwo amakopa ochemerera kuti achemerere matimu. Mwachitsanzo, m’maseŵera a baseball ndi football a 1992, panafika oonerera ochuluka koposa m’masitediyamu ambiri. Zimenezi limodzi ndi mwaŵi wakuulutsa pa wailesi yakanema zabweretsa ndalama zambiri kwa eni matimuwo. Chifukwa chake, ena amalingalira kuti oseŵerawo akungolandira malipiro awo okwanira.

Malipiro ochulukitsitsa amene amaperekedwa kaamba ka kumwetsa chigoli pamaseŵera a tennis, golf, ndi baseball, poyerekezera ndi malipiro ochepa a antchito oyendayenda amene amasauka ndi dzuŵa lotentha pokolola chakudya chathu, ndi chitsanzo chochititsa chisoni cha mmene chitaganya cholemera chimaonera mikhalidwe.

Talingalirani chitsanzo china chosiyana, nkhani ya katswiri wina wotchuka. Akumagwira ntchito yawo ndi ndalama zosakwanira $2 miliyoni kufufuza katemera woletsa matenda a polio, wasayansi wa ku America Jonas Salk ndi ofufuza anzake anagwira ntchito zolimba kwa maola ambiri mu laboratory kupanga katemera uyu ndi uyu, akumapima ndi kupimanso. Mu 1953, Salk analengeza za kupangidwa kwa katemera woyesera. Pakati pa anthu oyambirira kuyesa katemerayo panali Salk, mkazi wake, ndi ana awo aamuna atatu. Katemerayo anapezedwa kukhala wabwino ndi wogwira ntchito. Lerolino, matenda a polio athetsedwa kotheratu.

Salk analandira mphotho zambiri chifukwa cha chithandizo chake chapadera m’kuletsa matenda akupha ndi opundula ameneŵa. Komabe, iye anakana kulandira mphotho za ndalama zilizonse. Iye anabwerera ku laboratory yake kukawongolera katemerayo. Mwachionekere, mphotho yake yeniyeni sinali ndalama koma chikhutiro cha kuona ana ndi makolo akumasuka ku mantha a upandu waukulu umenewu.

Pomalizira, talingalirani za kuphunzitsidwa chiyembekezo cha kukhala ndi moyo kosatha padziko lapansi laparadiso, kumene kudwala, matenda, ndi chisoni zidzathetsedwa kosatha. Talingalirani malipiro aakulu amene aphunzitsi a mbiri yabwino imeneyo angalandire. Komabe, pali aphunzitsi oterowo, ndipo amaphunzitsa kwaulere! Palibe mphotho ya ndalama kwa iwo! Pamene Yesu ananena kuti ‘antchito ayenera malipiro awo,’ sanali kulankhula za malipiro a aphunzitsi a mbiri yabwino imeneyi. (Luka 10:7) Iye anati iwo akalandira zofunikira zawo. Kwa anthu oterowo iye anatinso: “Munalandira kwaulere, patsani kwaulere.” (Mateyu 10:8) Kodi mphotho yawo idzakhala chiyani? Eya, zenizenizo zimene Yesu, munthu wamkulu woposa onse amene anakhalako, analonjeza—moyo wamuyaya m’dziko lapansi loyeretsedwa, laparadaiso. Malipiro okwanira mamiliyoni ambirimbiri sangalingane ndi zimenezo!

[Bokosi patsamba 17]

Ndalama, Kutchuka, Kapena Mankhwala—Chiti?

Kukopa kwa kutchuka ndi kwa madola mamiliyoni amene amalandiridwa m’maseŵera aukatswiri asonkhezera achichepere kuyamba kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsa mphamvu kuti akhale ndi matupi amphamvu ndi minofu yaikulu m’kanthaŵi kochepa kwambiri. Dr. William N. Taylor, membala wa bungwe la U.S. Olympic Drug Control Program, anachenjeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ameneŵa kwafika “pamlingo wa mliri.” Kukuyerekezeredwa kuti mu United States mokha, achichepere pafupifupi 250,000 amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsa mphamvu.

“Chitsenderezo cha kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsa mphamvu pa koleji nchosakhulupiririka,” anatero katswiri wina woseŵera football. “Oseŵerawo samaganiza za zaka 20 kutsogolo ponena za mavuto amene angadzakhaleko ngati agwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsa mphamvu. Samaganiza masiku 20 pasadakhale, makamaka pamene ali ophunzira pa koleji. Maganizo a woseŵerayo, makamaka pausinkhu wachichepere, amakhala akuti: Ndidzachita zimene ndingathe kuti ndikhale katswiri wamaseŵera.”

“Ngati ndifuna kukhala woseŵera,” anatero mnyamata wina wofuna kukhala woseŵera football, “ndiyenera kuwagwiritsira ntchito. . . . M’chipinda chochitira maseŵera onyamula zinthu zolemera mumakhala mpikisano waukulu. Umafuna kukhala wamkulu ndi wamphamvu chaka chilichonse, ndipo umaona anyamata ena akudzinzana ndi kulemera, ndipo umafuna kuteronso. Maganizo amenewo amakhazikika.” Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za malingaliro oterowo, woseŵera ameneyu, popanda kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsa mphamvu, anakhala zimene anafuna—katswiri woseŵera football. Amakhulupirira kuti mankhwala opatsa mphamvu “ngaupandu kwambiri m’maseŵera kuposa mankhwala oledzeretsa.”

Nkhani zambiri zalembedwa osati ndi adokotala okha komanso ndi awo amene avutika kwambiri ndi ziyambukiro zovulaza za mankhwala opatsa mphamvu ndi mankhwala ena osintha thupi. Ziyambukiro zoipa koposa zachititsa imfa.

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Antchito oyendayenda akukolola adyo ku Gilroy, California

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Camerique/H. Armstrong Roberts

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Kodi aphunzitsi sali oyambirira monga oyenerera malipiro awo?

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Oseŵera “baseball” oposa 200 m’matimu aakulu mu United States amalandira madola oposa miliyoni imodzi pachaka

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

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