New World Translation
Tanthauzo: Matembenuzidwe a Malemba opatulika opangidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku Chihebri, Chiaramu, ndi Chigiriki kuloŵa m’Chingelezi chamakono ndi komiti ya Mboni za Yehova zodzozedwa. Amenewa analankhula za ntchito yawo motere: “Omasulira bukhu lino, amene amawopa ndi kukonda Mlembi Waumulungu wa Malemba Opatulika ali ndi lingaliro la kukhala ndi thayo lapadera kwa Iye la kupereka ziganizo zake ndi malangizo molondola monga momwe kungathekere. Iwo amalingaliranso kukhala ndi thayo kwa oŵerenga ofufuza amene amadalira pamatembenuzidwe a Mawu ouziridwa a Mulungu Wam’mwambamwamba kaamba ka chipulumutso chawo chosatha.” Poyamba matembenuzidwe amenewa anatulutsidwa m’zigawo, kuyambira 1950 mpaka 1960. Makope a m’zinenero zina achokera m’matembenuzidwe Achingelezi.
Kodi “New World Translation” yazikidwa pa chiyani?
Monga maziko otembenuzira Malemba Achihebri, malembo apamanja otchedwa Biblia Hebraica a Rudolf Kittel, makope a 1951-1955, anagwiritsiridwa ntchito. Kope lopendedwanso la 1984 la New World Translation linapindula mwa kulungamitsidwa mogwirizana ndi Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ya 1977. Ndiponso, Mipukutu ya Nyanja Yamchere ndi matembenuzidwe ena ambiri kuloŵa m’zinenero zina inagwiritsiridwa ntchito. Ponena za Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu, malemba aakulu apamanja a 1881 olinganizidwa ndi Westcott ndi Hort anagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulukulu, koma malembo apamanja aakulu angapo anagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuphatikizapo matembenuzidwe ambiri oyambirira m’zinenero zina.
Kodi otembenuzawo anali ayani?
Popereka kuyenera kwake kwa kufalitsa monga mphatso kaamba ka matembenuzidwe awo, Komiti ya New World Bible Translation inapempha kuti mamembala ake akhale osadziŵika. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania yalemekeza pempho lawo. Omasulirawo sanali kudzifunira ulemu koma kokha kulemekeza Mlembi Waumulungu wa Malemba Opatulika.
M’kupita kwa zaka makomiti ena otembenuza akhala ndi lingaliro lofananalo. Mwachitsanzo, chikuto cha kope la Malifarensi (1971) la New American Standard Bible chimafotokoza kuti: “Sitinagwiritsire ntchito dzina la wophunzira aliyense kaamba ka umboni kapena mavomerezedwe chifukwa chakuti tikhulupirira kuti Mawu a Mulungu ayenera kudziimira.”
Kodi iwo alidi matembenuzidwe aukatsiwiri?
Popeza kuli kwakuti otembenuzawo asankha kusatchulidwa maina, funsoli panopa silingayankhidwe mogwirizana ndi mkhalidwe wawo wa kuphunzira. Matembenuzidwewa ayenera kuyamikiridwa mogwirizana ndi ubwino wawo.
Kodi amenewa ali matembenuzidwe a mtundu wanji? Pakati pa zinthu zina, iwo ali kwakukulukulu enieni olondola, kuchokera m’zinenero zoyambirira. Sindiwo ndemanga wamba za mawu, mmene otembenuza amasiya maumboni amene akuwalingalira kuti adzakhala othandiza. Monga chithandizo kwa ophunzira, matembenuzidwe ambiri amapereka mawu amtsinde ochuluka osonyeza zosiyanasiyana zoŵerengera pamene mawu ena sangakhoze kumasuliridwa m’njira yovomerezeka yoposa imodzi, limodzi ndi mpambo wa malembo apamanja enieni akale amene matembenuzidwe enawo aikidwapo.
Mavesi ena angakhale ndi mawu osiyana ndi amene munthuyo ali wozoloŵerana nawo. Kodi ndimatembenuzidwe ati amene ali olondola? Oŵerenga akupemphedwa kupenda malembo apamanja akale ochirikiza otchulidwa m’mawu amtsinde a kope la Malifarensi la New World Translation, ŵerengani malongosoledwe operekedwa m’mawu owonjezeredwa, ndipo yerekezerani mamasulidwewo ndi matembenuzidwe ena osiyanasiyana. Kaŵirikaŵiri iwo adzapeza kuti omasulira ena awonanso kufunika kwa kunena mawuwo mwanjira yofanana.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji dzinalo Yehova likugwiritsidwa nchito m’Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki?
Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti New World Translation sindiro Baibulo lokha limene limachita zimenezi. Dzina la Mulungu limapezeka m’matembenuzidwe Amalemba Achikristu Achigiriki kumka m’Chihebri, m’mavesi amene kugwidwa kwa mawu kwapangidwa mwachindunji kuchokera m’Malemba Achihebri ouziridwa. The Emphatic Diaglott (1864) liri ndi dzina la Yehova nthaŵi 18. Matembenuzidwe Amalemba Achikristu Achigiriki m’zinenero zina zokwanira 38 nawonso amagwiritsira ntchito mpangidwe wachinenero cha kwawo wa dzina la Mulungu.
Chigogomezero chimene Yesu Kristu anaika padzina la Atate wake chimasonyeza kuti iye mwini analigwiritsira ntchito mwaufulu. (Mat. 6:9; Yoh. 17:6, 26) Mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa Jerome wa m’zaka za zana lachinayi C.E., choyamba mtumwi Mateyo amalemba Uthenga wake Wabwino m’Chihebri, ndipo Uthenga Wabwino umenewo umagwira mawu mavesi a m’Malemba Achihebri amene ali ndi dzina la Mulungu nthaŵi zambiri. Ena a olemba Malemba Achigiriki anagwira mawu mu Septuagint Yachigiriki (matembenuzidwe Amalemba Achihebri kumka m’Chigiriki, anayamba pafupifupi 280 B.C.E. makope oyambirira omwe anali ndi dzina la Mulungu m’zilembo Zachihebri monga momwe kwasonyezedwera ndi zidutswa zenizeni zimene zasungidwa.
Profesala George Howard wa ku Yunivesite ya ku Georgia analemba kuti: “Popeza Tetragram [zilemba zinayi Zachihebri za dzina la Mulungu] zinali chilembedwere m’makope a Baibulo Lachigiriki limene linapanga Malemba a tchalitchi choyambirira, kuli kwanzeru kukhulupirira kuti olemba Chi[pangano] Cha[tsopano], pogwira mawu kuchokera m’Malemba, anasunga Tetragram mkati mwa malemba apamanja a Baibulo.”—Journal of Biblical Literature, March 1977, p. 77.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji mavesi ena mwachiwonekere kulibeko?
Mavesi amenewo, opezedwa m’matembenuzidwe ena, sakupezeka m’malembo apamanja opezeka akale koposa a Baibulo. Kuyerekezeredwa ndi matembenuzidwe ena amakono monga ngati The New English Bible ndi Jerusalem Bible Lachikatolika, kumasonyeza kuti matembenuzidwe enawo nawonso avomereza kuti mavesi okaikiridwawo sali a m’Baibulo. M’zochitika zina, iwo anatengedwa kuchokera ku mbali ina ya Baibulo ndi kuwonjezeredwa kumalembo apamanja amene anali kujambulidwa ndi mlembi.
Ngati Wina Anena Kuti—
‘Muli ndi Baibulo lanulanu’
Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Kodi ndimatembenuzidwe ati a Baibulo amene muli nawo? Kodi ndiwo . . . (tchulani angapo m’chinenero chanu)? Inu mudziŵa, kuti pali matembenuzidwe ambiri.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: ‘Ndiri wokondwera kugwiritsira ntchito matembenuzidwe ali onse amene inu mungakonde. Koma mungakhale wokondwera kudziŵa chifukwa chake ine ndimakonda kwambiri New World Translation. Chiri chifukwa cha chinenero chake chamakono chomvetsetseka, ndiponso chifukwa chakuti omasulira anamamatira kwambiri ku zimene ziri m’zinenero zoyambirira za Baibulo.’
Kapena munganene kuti: ‘Zimene mukunena zikundichititsa kulingalira kuti muyenera kukhala ndi Baibulo m’nyumba mwanu. Kodi ndimatembenuzidwe ati a Baibulo amene mumagwiritsira ntchito? . . . Kodi mungakhale wofunitsitsa kulitenga?’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: ‘Kwa ife tonse, mosasamala kanthu za matembenuzidwe amene timagwiritsira ntchito, pa Yohane 17:3 Yesu anagogomezera chinthu chofunika cha kuchikumbukira, monga momwe mungawonere pano m’Baibulo lanu. . . . ’
Kuthekera kwina: ‘Pali matembenuzidwe ambiri a Baibulo. Sosaite yathu imalimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osiyanasiyana kuchitira kuti tiyerekezere ndi kuthandiza ophunzira kupeza tanthauzo lenileni la Malemba. Monga momwe mungakhale mukudziŵira, poyambirira Baibulo linalembedwa m’Chihebri, Chiaramu, ndi Chigiriki. Chotero tikuyamikira zimene otembenuza achita kuliika m’chinenero chathu. Kodi ndi matembenuzidwe a Baibulo ati amene mumagwiritsira ntchito?’
Lingaliro lina: ‘Mwachiwonekere inu ndinu munthu wokonda Mawu a Mulungu. Chotero ndiri wotsimikizira kuti mungakondwere kudziŵa chimene chiri kumodzi kwa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa New World Translation ndi matembenuzidwe ena. Kumaloŵetsamo dzina la munthu wofunika koposa wonenedwa m’Malemba. Kodi mudziŵa kuti ameneyo ndani?’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Kodi munadziŵa kuti dzina lake laumwini limawonekera m’Baibulo m’Chihebri choyambirira nthaŵi zokwanira 7 000—kuposa dzina lina liri lonse?’ (2) ‘Kodi pali kusiyana kotani kuti kaya tikugwiritsira ntchito dzina laumwini la Mulungu kapena ayi? Eya, kodi muli ndi bwenzi lirilonse la ponda apa mpondepo limene simudziŵa dzina lake? . . . Ngati tifuna kukhala ndi unansi ndi Mulungu, kudziŵa dzina lake ndiko chiyambi chofunika. Tawonani zimene Yesu adanena pa Yohane 17:3, 6. (Sal. 83:18)’