Itunga ryamaze ibinjana rinyegeye

IRYO tunga ryubuwe n’umushakashatsi w’Umunyajeworojiya yitwa Ivané Javakhishvili mu mpera za Kigarama 1922, igihe yariko aragira ubushakashatsi ku kuntu indome z’ikijeworojiya zagiye ziratera imbere. Yagiye abona yubutse kw’ikopi y’igitabu citwa Talimudi y’i Yeruzalemu. Igihe yariko aragisuzuma, yasanze munsi y’igisomwa c’igiheburayo hari indome zimwezimwe z’ikijeworojiya zitafuditse neza.a

Ivyo vyandiko vyari binyegeye munsi y’igisomwa ca ya Talimudi, cari igice c’igitabu ca Yeremiya co muri Bibiliya, kikaba ari ico mu kinjana ca gatanu G.C. (G.C. bisobanura “mu Gihe Cacu”) Imbere y’uko ivyo vyandiko vyuburwa, icandikano c’iminwe ca kera kuruta ibindi vyose ca Bibiliya y’ikijeworojiya cari ico mu kinjana c’icenda G.C. Ntibatevye kwubura ibindi bice vya Bibiliya vyo mu kinjana ca gatanu G.C. canke mbere vy’imbere y’aho. Iyumvire nawe kwubura ibisomwa vya Bibiliya vyanditswe haciye ibinjana bikeyi gusa Yezu n’intumwa babayeho!

Ni nde none yahinduye ico gisomwa mu kijeworojiya? Coba cahinduwe n’umuntu umwe canke cahinduwe n’umugwi w’abahinduzi bitanze batiziganya? Gushika ubu, nta kintu kiruburwa gitanga inyishu y’ico kibazo. Uko biri kwose, biboneka yuko Bibiliya, canke n’imiburiburi ibice vyayo, vyari bimaze guhindurwa mu kijeworojiya mu kinjana ca kane be n’uko kuva ico gihe Abanyajeworojiya batanguye kuronka canke kumenya Ijambo ry’Imana mu rurimi rwabo.

Inkuru yerekana ko Abanyajeworojiya bari bamenyereye cane Ivyanditswe Vyeranda tuyisanga mu gitabu kimwe kivuga ivy’umwamikazi yapfuye rumaratiri (The Martyrdom of St. Shushanik the Queen), igishobora kuba canditswe mu mpera y’ikinjana ca gatanu. Mu kwigana iyo nkuru ibabaje y’ivyashikiye uwo mwamikazi Shushanik, uwanditse ico gitabu arakoresha amajambo dusanga mu Mazaburi, mu Njili no mu bindi bitabu vyo muri Bibiliya canke akavuga akikiriza ku biri muri Bibiliya. Arigana kandi yuko mu ntumbero yo gushimisha abatware bakomakomeye b’Ubuperesi, Varsken umugabo w’uwo mwamikazi akaba na buramatari w’Ubwami bw’i Kartli muri Jeworojiya, yaciye aheba ubukirisu yinjira mw’idini ry’Abazorowasiteri ryo mu Buperesi, yongera ategeka ko n’umukenyezi wiwe abigenza gutyo. Ico gitabu kivuga yuko uwo mwamikazi yanse guheba ukwizera kwiwe kandi ko imbere y’uko yicwa yaremeshwa n’Ivyanditswe Vyeranda.

Kuva mu kinjana ca gatanu, biboneka ko guhindura no kwimura Bibiliya y’ikijeworojiya bitigeze bihagarara. Kubona hari ivyandikano vy’iminwe vya Bibiliya vyinshi mu rurimi rw’ikijeworojiya birerekana ko abahinduzi n’abimuzi bakoze bagatama. Reka dusuzume ibintu bibiri vyo muri iyi nkuru ikora ku mutima, na vyo akaba ari uguhindura no gucapura Bibiliya.

HABONEKA BIBILIYA NYINSHI Z’IKIJEWOROJIYA

“Jewe Giorgi, umumonaki aciye bugufi, narahinduye mu kijeworojiya iki gitabu ca Zaburi ndagikuye mu kigiriki gishasha, ndabigiranye ishaka ryinshi n’umwete mwinshi.” Ayo majambo yavuzwe n’umumonaki w’Umunyajeworojiya wo mu kinjana ca 11 yitwa Giorgi Mtatsmindeli. Kubera iki none vyari bikenewe ko Bibiliya ihindurwa mu kijeworojiya kandi hari haheze ibinjana hariho Bibiliya muri urwo rurimi?

Mu kinjana ca 11, haboneka ivyandikano vy’iminwe vya Bibiliya y’ikijeworojiya bike cane. Ibitabu bimwemwe vyari vyaratakaye. N’ikindi kandi, hari ukuntu ururimi rwari rwarahindutse ku buryo vyagora abasomyi gutahura ivyandikano vya kera. Naho abahinduzi batari bake bagerageje kunagura Bibiliya y’ikijeworojiya, Giorgi ni we yakoze ikintu gikomeye gusumba abandi. Yafata Bibiliya z’ikijeworojiya zariho ico gihe, akazigereranya n’ivyandikano vy’iminwe vy’ikigiriki maze agahindura ibice bibuze, canke mbere ibitabu vyose vyaba bibuze. Ku mutaga, yarahagarikira ikigo c’abihebeye Imana, mw’ijoro na ho agahindura Bibiliya mu kijeworojiya.

Uwitwa Ephrem Mtsire wo mu gihe ca Giorgi yarashitse ku ntambwe Giorgi atashitseko. Yaratunganije icokwitwa ubuyobozi nyamukuru abahinduzi bokwisunga. Bwarimwo ingingo ngenderwako z’ishimikiro z’ubuhinduzi, nko guhindura ufatiye ku gisomwa co mu ntango igihe cose bishoboka no kwisunga cane igisomwa kiriko kirahindurwa, ariko ukaraba ko ukurikiza ukuntu ururimi uriko urahinduramwo ruvugwa. Yaratanguje kandi ivyo gushira muri Bibiliya z’ikijeworojiya utujambo tw’epfo n’amarabiro yo mu nkingi. Ephrem yarahinduye bushasha ibitabu bitari bike vyo muri Bibiliya. Igikorwa Giorgi na Ephrem bakoze cabereye umushinge ukomeye ibindi bikorwa vy’ubuhinduzi vyakurikiye.

Mu binjana vyakurikiye, ivyo gusohora ibitabu vyarateye imbere muri Jeworojiya. Harashinzwe ibigo vya kaminuza mu gisagara ca Gelati n’ica Ikalto. Abahinga benshi babona yuko Bibiliya yiswe ngo Bibiliya y’i Gelati (mu congereza) ari Bibiliya yahinduwe bushasha n’umwe mu bahinga b’i Gelati canke i Ikalto.

None igikorwa co guhindura Bibiliya cagize akosho nyabaki ku Banyajeworojiya? Mu kinjana ca 12, umuryoshamvugo w’Umunyajeworojiya yitwa Shota Rustaveli yaranditse igitabu ciswe ngo “Umurwanyi yambaye urushato rw’ingwe agendera kw’ifarasi” (Vepkhis-tqaosani), kikaba caragize akosho gakomeye cane ku Banyajeworojiya mu binjana n’ibindi, ku buryo ciswe ngo ni Bibiliya ya kabiri y’Abanyajeworojiya. Umuhinga wo mu gihe ca none w’Umunyajeworojiya yitwa K. Kekelidze avuga yuko uwo muryoshamvugo, naho yoba atakoresheje amajambo akuye neza na neza muri Bibiliya, “ivyiyumviro bimwebimwe yanditse bifitaniye isano n’imirongo itandukanye yo muri Bibiliya.” Naho icese yanditse bisa n’uko kirimwo akantu ko kurenza urugero, kiravuga akari gake ibijanye n’ubugenzi nyakuri, umutima wo gutanga, ukwubaha abakenyezi hamwe no kugaragariza ba kavantara urukundo ruzira ubwikunzi. Ivyo vyiyumviro be n’ibindi bintu vyiza Bibiliya yigisha, vyaragize ikintu kinini bikoze ku nyifato y’abanyagihugu bo muri Jeworojiya mu mayaruka atari make kandi n’ubu baracavyisunga mu buzima bwabo.

URUHARA UMURYANGO WA CAMI WAGIZE MU GUCAPURA BIBILIYA

Mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 17, umuryango wa cami wo muri Jeworojiya waripfuza cane ko Bibiliya yocapurwa. Kugira ngo Umwami Vakhtang wa gatandatu ashitse ico cipfuzo, yarubatse icapuriro ku murwa mukuru w’ico gihugu, ari wo Tbilisi. Ariko rero, igisomwa ca Bibiliya nticari bwagere gucapurwa. Ni nk’aho Bibiliya y’ikijeworojiya yari yasubiye kunyegera. Haboneka gusa ivyandikano vy’iminwe bidakwiye vy’ibice bimwebimwe vya Bibiliya, kandi vyari mu kijeworojiya ca kera. Igikorwa co gusubiramwo no kunagura igisomwa ca Bibiliya, bagishinze umuhinga mu vy’indimi yitwa Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani.

Orbeliani yaciye yitunira kuri ico gikorwa. Kubera ko yari azi indimi zitari nke, harimwo ikigiriki n’ikilatini, yarashoboye kugira ubushakashatsi no mu vyandikano vy’izindi ndimi uretse ivyo mu kijeworojiya. Ariko rero, kuba yakora ico gikorwa ata ho ahengamiye, ntivyashimishije idini ry’aborotodogisi ryo muri Jeworojiya. Abakuru b’iryo dini baciye bamwagiriza yuko ariko arahemukira idini, maze bagondoza umwami ngo amubuze ico gikorwa co guhindura Bibiliya. Ibitabu bimwebimwe vyo mu kijeworojiya bivuga yuko igihe abakuru b’iryo dini bari mu nama, baciye bategeka Orbeliani ngo aturire Bibiliya yari amaze imyaka n’iyindi ariko arahindura!

Igishimishije, hari icandikano c’iminwe kikiriho n’ubu citwa Mtskheta (Mcxeta), igikunze kwitwa kandi ngo Bibiliya y’i Saba (mu congereza), kirimwo amajambo Orbeliani yandikishije iminwe. Ariko rero, hariho abatemera yuko iyo ari ya Bibiliya ba bakuru b’idini barwanya. Amayagwa y’inyongera ari muri iyo Bibiliya ni yo yonyene vyemezwa ko yanditswe na Orbeliani.

Naho habaye ingorane, bamwebamwe mu muryango wa cami bagumye bashira imbere ivyo gucapura Bibiliya. Hagati ya 1705 na 1711, ibice bimwebimwe vya Bibiliya vyaracapuwe. Bivuye ku twigoro tw’abaganwa b’Abanyajeworojiya Bakari na Vakhushti, amaherezo Bibiliya yose uko ingana yaracapuwe mu 1743. Ntiyokwigeze isubira kunyegera.