Bibiliya—Igitabu c’ubuhanuzi bw’ukuri—Igice ca 1

“Nzogukuramwo ihanga rikomeye”

Muri uru rukurikirane rw’ibiganiro umunani vyo muri “Be maso!” tuzokwihweza umuce uhambaye wa Bibiliya, ni ukuvuga ubuhanuzi bwo muri yo canke ivyo yari yaravuze ko bizoba. Ibi biganiro bizokuronsa inyishu z’ibi bibazo: Ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya bwoba ari ibintu gusa abantu b’incabwenge biremaremeye? Hoba hari icotuma twemera ko bwahumetswe n’Imana? Niwirabire ibimenyamenya.

AMAKENGA n’ugukekeranya ni ibintu biranga iki gihe turimwo kandi birigaragaza mu kuntu abantu bamwebamwe babona Bibiliya. Ikibabaje, usanga benshi batarigera bafata umwanya wo kuyisuzuma ata buryarya. Ivyiyumviro vyabo ahanini babishingira ku rukurukuru. Twizigiye ko atari ko ubona ibintu. Reka dusubize amaso inyuma twihweze ibintu vyabaye kera bigaragaza ko Bibiliya ari iy’ukuri.

Ingo duhere ku muntu yemerwa n’abakirisu, Abayahudi n’Abisilamu. Ni Umuheburayo yabayeho kuva mu 2018 gushika mu 1843 B.G.C.,a akaba yitwa Aburahamu.b

Ubuhanuzi bumwebumwe bwo mu ntango bwanditswe muri Bibiliya bwari bwerekeye Aburahamu, kandi na twebwe buratwerekeye muri iki gihe. (Raba uruzitiro ruvuga ngo “Umuhezagiro ku ‘mahanga yose.’ ”) Twisunze igitabu co muri Bibiliya c’Itanguriro, muri ubwo buhanuzi harimwo ubu: (1) Uruvyaro rwa Aburahamu rwocitse ihanga rikomeye. (2) Imbere y’aho, bobanje kuba abaja mu kindi gihugu. (3) Borokowe maze bakigarurira igihugu c’i Kanani. Reka rero twihweze ivyo bintu twitonze.

Ubuhanuzi butatu buhambaye

Ubuhanuzi bwa 1: “Nzogukuramwo [ni ukuvuga Aburahamu] ihanga rikomeye.”—Itanguriro 12:2.

Iranguka: Abakomotse kuri Aburahamu biciye kuri Izahaki na Yakobo (ari we yiswe kandi Isirayeli) bacitse ihanga rya kera rya Isirayeli, ico kikaba cari igihugu cigenga cifitiye abami.

Ivyo kahise kerekana:

● Bibiliya irerekana neza abakomoka kuri Aburahamu, harimwo abamukomotseko biciye kuri Izahaki, Yakobo no ku bahungu 12 ba Yakobo. Muri bo harimwo abami benshi batwaye Isirayeli canke Yuda. Muri abo bami, 17 baravugwa mu bitabu bidafitaniye isano na Bibiliya, ivyo bikaba bihuza n’ivyo Bibiliya ivuga ko abakomotse kuri Aburahamu biciye kuri Izahaki na Yakobo bacitse ihanga.c

Ubuhanuzi bwa 2: “Uruvyaro rwawe [ni ukuvuga urwa Aburahamu] ruzocika kavamahanga mu gihugu kitari icabo, kandi bazobwirizwa gukorera abantu baho . . . Mugabo mw’iyaruka rigira kane bazogaruka ng’aha.”—Itanguriro 15:13, 16.

Iranguka: Kubera ikigoyi cateye i Kanani, amayaruka ane y’abakomotse kuri Aburahamu yarabaye mu Misiri, ubwa mbere ari ba kavamahanga, mu nyuma na ho ari abaja babumba amatafari bakoresheje ibumba n’ibikumbi. Dufatiye ku muryango umwe gusa wa Lewi umwuzukuruza wa Aburahamu, uno akaba yimukiye mu Misiri ari kumwe na se wiwe yari ageze mu zabukuru, ayo mayaruka ane ni: (1) Lewi, (2) umuhungu wiwe Kohati, (3) umwuzukuru wiwe Amuramu, (4) n’umwuzukuruza wiwe Musa. (Kuvayo 6:16, 18, 20) Musa yakuye Abisirayeli mu Misiri mu mwaka wa 1513 B.G.C.—Raba igicapo kiri aho hepfo hamwe n’uruzitiro ruvuga ngo “Ntiyihenda mu bijanye n’ibihe.”

Ivyo kahise kerekana:

● Uwitwa James K. Hoffmeier, umuhinga mu bijanye n’Isezerano rya kera be n’ubucukuzi bwo mu karere k’ibihugu vy’Abarabu, avuga ko inyandiko z’Abanyamisiri be n’ibimenyamenya bishingiye ku bucukuzi vyerekana ko Abasemite (nk’Abaheburayo ba kera) bemererwa kwinjira mu Misiri n’imikuku yabo mu bihe vy’ikigoyi. Ariko none, Abisirayeli boba barabaye abaja bajejwe kubumba amatafari muri ico gihugu?

● Naho inyandiko z’Abanyamisiri zitavuga ivy’Abisirayeli mu buryo budomako, ibicapo vyo ku mva zabo n’imizingo yabo biremeza ko Abanyamisiri bakoresha abanyamahanga mu kubumba amatafari bakoresheje ubudongo n’ibikumbi. Nk’uko na Bibiliya ibivuga, inyandiko z’Abanyamisiri zirerekana ko abagapita baba bafise inyandiko zerekana ibitigiri vy’amatafari ategerezwa kubumbwa. (Kuvayo 5:14, 19) Hoffmeier avuga ati: “Inyandiko z’Abanyamisiri ziremeza ko abanyamahanga bakoreshwa nk’abaja . . . muri ca gihe Abisirayeli bari mu gacinyizo. Muri make, bisa n’ivyumvikana yuko Abaheburayo ba kera binjiye mu Misiri . . . mu gihe c’ikigoyi be n’uko bahavuye bagirwa abaja.”

Ubuhanuzi bwa 3: ‘Nzoha uruvyaro rwawe igihugu cose ca Kanani.’—Itanguriro 17:8.

Iranguka: Naho Musa yayoboye iryo hanga rya Isirayeli ryari rikiri rishasha akarikura mu Misiri, Yosuwa mwene Nuni ni we yarishikanye mu gihugu c’i Kanani mu 1473 B.G.C.

Ivyo kahise kerekana:

● Naho abacukuzi b’ivya kera badahuza ku myaka, uwahoze ari umuhinga mu bijanye na Misiri yitwa K. A. Kitchen yanditse ati: “Turashobora kuvuga ko Abisirayeli binjiye i Kanani bakongera bakahaba.”

● Bibiliya ivuga ko Yosuwa ‘yatuririye mu muriro Hazori’ igisagara c’i Kanani. (Yosuwa 11:10, 11) Ahahoze ico gisagara, abacukuzi barahubuye insengero zitatu z’Abanyakanani zari zarabomaguwe. Barabonye kandi ibimenyamenya vy’uko ico gisagara caturiwe mu myaka ya 1400 B.G.C. Ivyo birahuye n’ivyo Bibiliya ivuga.

● Ikindi gisagara c’i Kanani twovuga ni Gibeyoni, kikaba cari nko ku bilometero cumi uvuye i Yeruzalemu. Abacukuzi b’ivya kera bamenye ico gisagara igihe bubura imikono nka 30 y’imibindi yanditseko izina ry’ico gisagara. Mu buryo butandukanye n’abantu b’i Hazori, Abanyagibeyoni ba kera bo baragiraniye na Yosuwa isezerano ry’amahoro. Na we yaciye abagira “abavomyi b’amazi.” (Yosuwa 9:3-7, 23) Kubera iki yabahaye ico gikorwa? Muri 2 Samweli 2:13 no muri Yeremiya 41:12 herekana ko i Gibeyoni hari amazi menshi. Ku bw’ivyo, nk’uko n’inkuru zo muri Bibiliya zibivuga, igitabu kimwe (Archaeological Study Bible, New International Version) kivuga giti: “Ikintu cibonekeza kuruta ibindi i Gibeyoni ni ubwinshi bw’amazi yaho: hari imbizi nini imwe n’izindi indwi ntonto.”

● Abantu mirongo bavugwa muri Bibiliya usanga bavugwa no mu bindi bitabu. Nk’uko twamaze kubivuga, muri bo harimwo amazina y’abami 17 bakomoka kuri Aburahamu batwaye muri Isirayeli canke muri Yuda. Aho twovuga nka Ahabu, Ahazi, Dawidi, Hezekiya, Manase na Uziya. Emwe, kuba harabayeho abo bami biremeza ko ihanga ryitwa Isirayeli ryinjiye mu gihugu c’i Kanani maze rirahiganzira.

● Mu 1896, abashakashatsi barubuye i Thèbes mu Misiri igisate ca Farawo Mérneptah kiriko amajambo yavuze yigamba kubera ibitero yagize i Kanani nko mu 1210 B.G.C. Uretse Bibiliya, ico gisate ni co kivuga ubwa mbere izina Isirayeli, kikaba ari ikindi kimenyamenya c’uko iryo hanga ryabayeho.

Akarusho k’amakuru y’ido n’ido

Nk’uko twamaze kubibona, Bibiliya irimwo amakuru menshi y’ido n’ido yerekeye abantu, ibibanza be n’ivyabaye. Ayo makuru aradufasha kugereranya ivyo Bibiliya ivuga n’ivyo ibindi bitabu bivuga, bigatuma tubona neza ko ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya bwarangutse. Ku bijanye na Aburahamu be n’uruvyaro rwiwe, ibimenyamenya biratwereka ko ivyo Imana yari yaravuze vyarangutse: Uruvyaro rwa Aburahamu rwaracitse ihanga, baragizwe abaja mu Misiri, kandi mu nyuma barigaruriye igihugu c’i Kanani. Ivyo vyose biratwibutsa amajambo umwanditsi wa Bibiliya Petero yavuze, uwiyemereye n’ukwicisha bugufi ati: “Ubuhanuzi [n]ta ho bwigeze buzanwa n’ukugomba kw’umuntu, ahubwo abantu bavuze ivyava ku Mana nk’uko bari barongowe n’impwemu nyeranda.”—2 Petero 1:21.

Mu binjana vyakurikiye Isirayeli imaze kwigarurira Kanani, ibintu vyarahindutse, bibashikana ku ngaruka zibabaje. N’izo ngaruka nyene zari zaravuzwe n’abanditsi ba Bibiliya nk’uko ikiganiro kiri ku rupapuro rwa 22 kiza kubitwereka.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 18]

UMUHEZAGIRO KU “MAHANGA YOSE”

Imana yarasezeranye ko abantu bo mu “mahanga yose” bokwihesheje umuhezagiro biciye ku ruvyaro rwa Aburahamu. (Itanguriro 22:18) Imvo nyamukuru yatumye Imana igira uruvyaro rwa Aburahamu ihanga kwari ukugira ngo haboneke Mesiya, uwotanze ubuzima bwiwe ku bw’abantu bose.d Ku bw’ivyo, umuhango Imana yahaye Aburahamu urakwerekeye na wewe! Muri Yohani 3:16 hagira hati: “Imana ya[ra]kunze isi cane ku buryo yatanze Umwana wayo w’ikinege, kugira ngo umuntu wese amwizera ntarandurwe ahubwo aronke ubuzima budahera.”

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 18]

NTIYIHENDA MU BIJANYE N’IBIHE

Akarorero kerekana ukuntu Bibiliya itihenda mu bijanye n’ibihe tugasanga mu 1 Abami 6:1, aherekana igihe Umwami Salomo yatangura kwubaka urusengero i Yeruzalemu. Hagira hati: “Mu mwaka ugira amajana ane na mirongo umunani [imyaka 479 yuzuye] inyuma y’aho bene Isirayeli baviriye mu gihugu ca Misiri, mu mwaka ugira kane [w’ingoma ya Salomo], mu kwezi kwa Zivu, ni ukuvuga ukwezi kugira kabiri, inyuma y’aho Salomo abereye umwami wa Isirayeli, atangura kwubakira inzu Yehova.”

Duharuye twisunze ibivugwa muri Bibiliya, dusanga umwaka ugira kane w’ingoma ya Salomo watanguye mu 1034 B.G.C. Duciye duharura dusubira inyuma, imyaka 479 yuzuye idushikana mu 1513 B.G.C., ari na wo mwaka Isirayeli yava mu Misiri.

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 19]

ABURAHAMU NI UMUNTU YABAYEHO KOKO

● Inyandiko zo kw’ibumba zo mu ntango y’ikimpumbi ca kabiri B.G.C. ziriko amazina y’ibisagara asa n’amazina y’incuti za Aburahamu. Muri ivyo bisagara harimwo Pelegi, Serugi, Nahori, Tera na Harani.—Itanguriro 11:17-32.

● Mw’​Itanguriro 11:31 havuga ko Aburahamu n’umuryango wiwe bimutse bavuye i “Uri h’Abakaludaya.” Ibisigarira vy’ico gisagara vyarubuwe mu bumanuko bushira ubuseruko bwa Iraki. Bibiliya ivuga kandi ko Tera se wa Aburahamu yapfiriye mu gisagara ca Harani, igishobora kuba ubu kiri muri Tirkiya, be n’uko Sara muka Aburahamu yapfiriye i Heburoni, ico kikaba ari kimwe mu bisagara vya kera kuruta ibindi bikibamwo abantu vyo mu karere k’ibihugu vy’Abarabu.—Itanguriro 11:32; 23:2.

[Igicapo ku rup. 17, 18]

(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico kinyamakuru)

URUVYARO RWA ABURAHAMU NA ISIRAYELI IVA MU MISIRI

(B.G.C.)

1843 Aburahamu apfa

Lewi

1711 Yakobo apfa Kohati

1657 Yozefu apfa Amuramu

1593 Musa avuka Musa

Igihe c’abacamanza

1107 Dawidi avuka

[Ifoto ku rup. 18]

Iki gisate kivuga ivy’intsinzi canditseko ngo “Inzu ya Dawidi,” ni kimwe mu bintu bivuga abami bakomoka kuri Aburahamu baganje muri Isirayeli canke muri Yuda

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

© Israel Museum, Jerusalem/The Bridgeman Art Library International