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  • Aberahame—Moperofeti le Tsala ya Modimo

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Tshwarelo, bidio eno ga e kgone go tlhaga.

  • Aberahame—Moperofeti le Tsala ya Modimo
  • Tora ya Tebelo E Itsise Bogosi Jwa ga Jehofa—1989
  • Ditlhogwana
  • Tse di Tsamaisanang le Setlhogo Seno
  • Seo Baruti ba Ileng ba se Bua
  • Ura wa Bakaladea
  • Tlhaselo ya ga Kedorelaomere
  • Bosupi jo bo Ikanyegang go Gaisa
  • Aborahame—Tsala ya Modimo
    Buka ya Me ya Dipolelo Tsa Baebele
  • Aborahame E ne E le Mang?
    Tora ya Tebelo E Itsise Bogosi Jwa ga Jehofa—2012
  • Jehofa O ne A Mmitsa “Tsala ya Me”
    Tora ya Tebelo E Itsise Bogosi Jwa ga Jehofa—2016
  • Aborahame le Sara Ba ne Ba Reetsa Modimo
    Se o Ka se Ithutang mo Baebeleng
Bona Ditlhogo Tse Dingwe
Tora ya Tebelo E Itsise Bogosi Jwa ga Jehofa—1989
w89 7/1 ts. 4-7

Aberahame—Moperofeti le Tsala ya Modimo

MASOLE a a kopaneng a dikgosi tse nne tsa kwa Botlhaba a kgabaganya Noka ya Euferatese. A bolola ka Tsela e Kgolo ya Kgosi ba lebile kwa botlhaba jwa mokgatšha wa Noka ya Joredane. Mo tseleng ba fenya Barefaima, Basusima, le Baemima, le Bahora. Morago, bathopi bao ba retologa ba bo ba fenya baagi botlhe ba ba kafa borwa jwa Negebe.

Boikaelelo jwa letsholo leno la bosole ke eng? Fa gare ga mafelo a a tlhasetsweng Transjordan le Negebe go letse thopo. E ne e le mokgatšha o o elediwang thata o o neng o bidiwa Kgaolo ya Joredane. (Genesise 13:10) Fano, baagi ba metsemegolo e metlhano, Sodoma, Gomora, Adama, Seboima, le Bela, ba ne ba itshelela botshelo jo bo gololesegileng ba na le dilo tse di bonalang. (Esekiele 16:49, 50) Ba ne ba kile ba busiwa ke yo e neng go lebega e le ene molaodi wa masole a a kopaneng ao, ebong Kedorelaomere, kgosi ya Elame. Mme ba ne ba mo tsuologetse. Jaanong, ka go bo ba sena tshegetso epe ya baagisani ba bone, ba ne ba tshwanetse go ikarabelela. Kedorelaomere le masole a gagwe ba fenya ntwa e e neng ya latela mme ba boela gae ba gapile dilo tse dintsi.

Lote, monna yo o siameng ke mongwe wa bathopiwa. Ke setlogolo sa ga Aberahame, yo o nnang mo ditenteng mo dithabeng tse di gaufi tsa Heberone. Fa Aberahame a utlwa dikgang tseno tse di botlhoko, ka bofefo fela o laela banna ba gagwe ba ba 318. Ka bopelokgale, ka tshegetso ya baagisani ba gagwe, ba alola dikgosi tse nne tseo mme ba gakgamatsa masole a tsone bosigo. Bathopi bao ba a tshaba. Lote le balelapa la gagwe baa gololwa, gammogo le bathopiwa ba bangwe le dithoto.

Re na le lebaka lefe la go dumela pego eno ya kgaolo ya bo-14 ya Genesise? A polelo eno e ne ya itlhamelwa fela go dira rremogologolwane wa merafe e mentsi go kopanyeletsa le Bajuda, mogale wa morafe? Go tweng ka ditiragalo tse dingwe tsa botshelo jwa ga Aberahame?

Seo Baruti ba Ileng ba se Bua

Kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo-19 la dingwaga, moithuta-bodumedi wa Molutere Peter von Bohlen o ne a bolela gore Aberahame e ne e le tlhamane le gore go thopa ga ga Kedorelaomere go ne go sa tshegediwe ke hisitori. Yo mongwe, Moporofesa Julius Wellhausen, o ne a bua jaana: “Ga go sepe se se bonweng sa hisitori kaga ditlhogo tseno tsa lotso.” O ne a akantsha gore: “[Aberahame] a ka lejwa fela jaaka sebopiwa seo se ikakanyeditsweng fela.”

Baithuta-bodumedi ba Baesemane ba ile ba latela tumelo ya balekane ba bone ba Majeremane. “Ditlhamane tse dikgolo tsa ditlhogo tsa lotso tse di mo bukeng ya Genesise ke tseo di diragetseng pele ga go kwalwa ga hisitori, tseo di seng boammaaruri go ya ka hisitori fela jaaka ditlhamane tsa ga . . . Kgosi Arthur,” go kwadile jalo moruti Stopford Brooke mo bukeng ya gagwe The Old Testament and Modern Life. “Go tswa go . . . Genesise . . . re bona dikakanyo tseo di sa tlhamalalang le tseo di sokamisitsweng tsa botshelo le botho jwa tlhogo epe fela ya lotso,” go kwala jalo John Colenso, Mobishopo wa Anglican wa kolone ya pele ya Boritane ya Natala. “Ga go kgonege” a oketsa jalo, “go baya tsholofelo e e tletseng go nngwe fela ya ditiragalo tseno.”

Go kgala mo go ntseng jalo go ne go anama jaaka ntho e e kekelang. (2 Timotheo 2:17) Gompieno, dimilione tsa batsena-kereke ga di tlhole di tsaya botshelo jwa ditlhogo tsa lotso masisi. Lefa go le jalo, seo se tlhabisang baruti ba La-Bodumedi ditlhong, jaanong balatola-Modimo ba bolela gore go kgalwa ga Bibela jaanong go feteleditswe. Ka sekai, Bol’shaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia (Encyclopedia E Kgalo ya Soviet) e bua jaana: “Mo dingwageng tsa bosheng, bontsintsi jwa dikganetso tsa go kgalwa ga Bibela bo ne jwa tlhatlhobiwa gape go lebilwe dipatlisiso tse disha, segolo bogolo fa go lebilwe boikitsiso jwa seo go tweng ke boithuta-marope jwa Bibela. Dingwao dingwe tsa Bibela tseo di neng di ile tsa lejwa jaaka ditlhamane . . . di lebega di na le motheo wa hisitori.” Tlhokomela ka moo boithuta-marope bo ileng jwa sedimosa seo se kwadilweng kaga Aberahame ka gone.

Ura wa Bakaladea

Go ya ka Bibela, Aberahame o ne a golela kwa “Ura oa Bakaladese.” (Genesise 11:27-31; 15:7) Ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga, lefelo leo Ura e neng e le kwa go lone le ne le sa itsiwe. Bakgadi ba ne ba dumela gore fa e le gore tota le ne le le gone, le ne le se botlhokwa, le le lennye fela thata. Morago, ba ne ba tlhabiwa ke ditlhong, fa marope a a leng fa gare ga Babelona le Persian Gulf a ne a supiwa kwantle ga pelaelo gore e ne e le marope a Ura. Diketekete tsa matlapana a seretse a a kwadilweng ao a neng a ribololwa mo lefelong leo a ne a bontsha gore Ura e ne e le lefelo la kgwebo ya lefatshe lotlhe, koo go neng go na le morafe o mogolo o o tlhabologileng. Mo motlheng wa ga Aberahame, motsemogolo oo o ne o na le eleng dikolo tseo basimane ba neng ba rutiwa go kwala le dipalo mo go tsone.

Mo godimo ga moo, diphatololo tsa kwa Ura di ne tsa bontsha gore baagi ba yone ba ne ba aga dikago tsa matlhatlaganyane, dikago tse di gogoropo, maobo, le dirotobolo. Badira-ka-diatla ba Ura ba ne ba dira majana a mokgabo a mantle, diharepa tseo di dirilweng bontle, le dithipa tse di magale-mabedi tsa magale a gouta e e itshekileng. Mo magaeng a le mantsi, baithuta-marope ba ne ba epolola diphaephe tse di tsamaisang mantle, tseo di neng di dirilwe ka letsopa le le fisitsweng ka molelo, tseo di neng di tsena mo mesimeng e e boteng jwa dimetara di le 12.

Dithibololo tseno di ne di naya bakanoki ba le bantsi pono e ntšha kaga Aberahame. “Re ne re tlwaetse go akanya kaga Aberahame jaaka motho fela yo o tlwaelegileng yo o nnang mo ditenteng, mme re fitlhela e le gore o ka tswa a ne a nna mo ntlong e e dirilweng ka ditena e e tlhabologileng mo motsemogolong mongwe,” go kwadile jalo Sir Leonard Woolley mo bukeng ya gagwe Digging Up the Past. “Aberahame,” go tlhalosa jalo moithuta-marope Alan Millard mo bukeng ya gagwe Treasures From Bible Times, “o ne a tlogela motsemogolo o o tlhabologileng, tshireletsego le boiketlo jwa one, mme a nna mongwe wa bakgarakgatshegi fela ba ba nyatsegang!”

Tlhaselo ya ga Kedorelaomere

Go tweng kaga go fenya ga ga Aberahame Kedorelaomere kgosi ya Elame? Mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo-19 la dingwaga, go ne go sa itsiwe go le gontsi ka Baelame. Bakgadi ba Bibela ba ne ba gana kgopolo ya gore Elame e kile ya busa Babelona, go sa buiwe sepe ka Palesetine. Jaanong, Baelame ba lejwa ka mo go fapaaneng. Baithuta-marope ba senotse gore e ne e le morafe o o maatla wa ntwa. Funk & Wagnalls Standard Reference Encyclopedia e tlhalosa jaana: “Baelame ba ne ba senya motse wa Ura mo e ka nnang ka 1950 B.C. . . . Go lebega ba ne ba tlhotlheletsa babusi ba Babelona fela thata.”

Mo godimo ga moo, maina a dikgosi tsa Baelame a ile a fitlhelwa mo mekwalong ya baithuta-marope. Mangwe a one a simolola ka lefoko “Kudur,” e e tshwanang le “Kedore.” Modimo wa botlhokwa wa sesadi wa Baelame e ne e le Lagamar, e e tshwanang le “laomere.” Ka jalo, Kedorelaomere jaanong o amogelwa ke metswedi mengwe ya selefatshe jaaka mmusi wa ditiragalo, yo leina la gagwe go lebegang le kaya “Motlhanka wa ga Lagamar.” Mengwe ya mekwalo ya Sebabelona e ne e na le maina a a tshwanang le a dikgosi tse tharo tseo di neng tsa tlhasela—Tudhula (Tidale), Eri-aku (Arioke), le Kudur-lahmil (Kedorelaomere). (Genesise 14:1) Mo bukeng ya Hidden Things of God’s Revelation, Dr. A. Custance o oketsa jaana: “Kwantle ga maina ano go ne go na le dilo dingwe tseo di neng di lebega di supela ditiragalo tseo di diragetseng kwa Babelona fa Baelame ba ne ba tlhoma bogosi jwa bone mo nageng eo. . . . Matlapana a a kwadilweng ano a ne a tlhomamisa Dikwalo mo eleng gore Bakgadi ba Bagolo ba ne ba a kgala ba ba ba dira sengwe le sengwe seo se leng mo maatleng a bone go dira gore a lejwe jaaka a a seng botlhokwa.”

Go tweng kaga go tlhasela ga dikgosi tse nne? A go na le bosupi bongwe jwa boithuta-marope jwa kwa Transjordan le Negebe joo bo tshegetsang seno? Ee. Mo bukeng ya gagwe The Archaeology of the Land of Israel, Moporofesa Yohanan Aharoni o supela go go timela ga tlhabologo ya pele ga Baiseraele eo e neng e na le dikago tse di “kgatlhisang” kwa Transjordan le Negebe, “mo e ka nnang ka 2 000 B.C.E.” Baithuta-marope ba bangwe ba bolela gore seno se diragetse mo e ka nnang ka 1900 B.C.E. “Dinkgo tseo di dirilweng ka letsopa tsa Negebe le tsa Transjordan tsa nako eno di a tshwana mme tsotlhe di bontsha go fedisiwa ka tshoganyetso, le mo gogolo ga tlhabologo,” go tlhalosa jalo Dr. Harold Stigers mo go Commentary on Genesis ya gagwe. Le eleng bakgadi ba Bibela, jaaka John Van Seters, ba dumela bosupi jwa seno. “Bothata jo bo sa rarabololwang ke gore batho bano ba ne ba ya kae, fa e le gore go na le koo ba neng ba ya gone, kwa bokhutlong jwa motlha oo,” o tlhalosa jalo mo bukeng ya gagwe Abraham in History and Tradition.

Genesise kgaolo 14 e re naya se e ka nnang ya bo e le tharabololo ya bothata jono. Go ya ka tlhatlhamano ya metlha ya Bibela, Aberahame o ne a fitlha mo Kanana ka 1943 B.C.E. Tlhaselo e e senyang ya ga Kedorelaomere e tshwanetse ya bo e ne ya diragala ka bonakonyana fela morago ga foo. Moragonyana, mo go lone lekgolo leo la dingwaga, Modimo o ne wa nyeletsa metse e e senang boitsholo jo bo siameng ya Sodoma le Gomora. Seno se ne sa fetola tikologo e e nonneng ya kwa borwa jwa Mokgatšha wa Joredane. (Genesise 13:10-13; 19:24, 25) E ne e sa tlhole e le lefelo leo batlhasedi ba dinaga di sele ba le tseelang kwa godimo.

Go na le dikai tse dingwe gape tse dintsi tse boithuta-marope bo dumalanang le Dikwalo mo go sedifatseng ditiragalo tsa botshelo jwa ga Aberahame. Mme boithuta-marope bo na le fa bo felelang gone. Bosupi joo e bo nayang gantsi ga bo a tlhamalala ebile ke ditlhaloso fela tsa batho ba ba sa itekanelang.

Bosupi jo bo Ikanyegang go Gaisa

Bosupi jo bo nonofileng go feta jotlhe jwa gore Aberahame eleruri o kile a nna gone ke bosupi jwa Mmopi wa motho, Jehofa Modimo. Mo go Pesalema 105:9-15, Modimo o ne a bua ka kamogelo kaga Aberahame, Isake, le Jakobe, jaaka “baperofeti” ba gagwe. Go kgabaganya dingwaga tse di ka nnang sekete morago ga loso lwa ga Aberahame, Jehofa Modimo o ne a bua kaga Aberahame ka melomo ya baperofeti ba bararo, a bile a mmitsa “tsala” ya gagwe. (Isaia 41:8; 51:2; Yeremia 33:26; Esekiele 33:24) Ka mo go tshwanang, Jesu Keresete o ne a tlotlomatsa Aberahame jaaka sekao. Mo go nneng gone ga gagwe kwa legodimong pele a nna motho, Morwa Modimo o ne a bone ka boene ditirisano tsa ga Rraagwe le tlhogo eno ya lotso. Ka gone, o ne a ka raya Bajuda a re:

“Ha lo no lo le bana ba ga Aberahame, lo ka bo lo diha ditihō tsa ga Aberahame. Me yanoñ lo senka go mpolaea, ke le motho eo ke lo boleletseñ boamarure, yo ke bo utlwileñ mo Modimoñ: go mo Aberahame ga a ka a go diha. Rra eno Aberahame o na a itumèla go bōna letsatsi ya me; me a le bōna, a leboga. Hoñ Bayuda ba mo raea, ba re, Ga u e se u nne dinyaga di mashomè matlhano, me a u bonye Aberahame? Yesu a ba raea, a re, Amarure, amarure, kea lo raea, Pele Aberahame a e se a nne, nna ka bo ke nntse ke leeō.”—Yohane 8:39, 40, 56-58.

Ka bosupi le kgothatso ya Batho bano ba babedi ba bagolo mo lobopong lotlhe, re na le mabaka a a molemo go gaisa go dumela sengwe le sengwe se Bibela e se bolelang kaga Aberahame. (Yohane 17:5, 17) Lefa Bibela e baya Aberahame jaaka sekao, ga e mo neye boemo jo bo sa mo tshwanelang jwa mogale wa morafe. Seno se ka bonwa fa go tlhatlhobiwa ditiragalo tsa go fenya ga gagwe dikgosi tse nne tse di neng di kopane. Fa Aberahame a ne a boa kwa ntweng, o ne a kopana le Melekisedeke, kgosi ya Salema, yo a neng a re: “A go bakwè Modimo Mogodimodimo, o o tsentseñ baba ba gago mo seatleñ sa gago.” O ne a baka Jehofa go bo a mo golotse.—Genesise 14:18-20.

Lefa go ntse jalo, phenyo e kgolo e gaufi! Go ise go e kae, one Modimo o o galalelang ono o tla fenya “[dikgosi] tsa lehatshe yeotlhe” mo ntweng ya lefatshe lotlhe e e bidiwang Hara–Magedona. (Tshenolō 16:14, 16) Jaanong, tsholofetso eno ya Modimo mo go Aberahame, moperofeti le tsala ya gagwe e tla diragadiwa ka mo go feletseng: “Merahe eotlhe ea lehatshe e tla segōhala mo losikeñ loa gago.” Dimilione di setse di ipelela masego ao a a tla tlang. O ka nna mongwe wa bone, jaaka ditlhogo tsa makasine ono tse di mo ditsebeng 18-28 di tla bontsha.—Genesise 22:18.

[Dimmapa/Ditshwantsho mo go tsebe 7]

(For fully formatted text, see publication)

Great Sea

NEGEBE

Damaseko

Harane

Noka ya Euferatese

Noka ya Tigris

Ura

ELAME

Persian Gulf

[Mmapa]

Damaseko

Dane

BAREFAIMA

BASUSIMA

Shekeme

Bethele

Kgaolo ya Joredane

Lewtle la Letswai

Heberone

NEGEBE

Tsela-Kgolo ya Kgosi

EMIMA

Gomora

Sodoma

BAHORA

[Ditshwantsho]

Aberahame o ne a nna kutlo, a tswa mo Ura, motsemogolo o o humileng fela thata

Dikai tsa dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tse di fitlhetsweng mo Ura:

1. Thipa e e magale mabedi ya gauta le letlole la yona

2. ‘Boemo’ jwa Ura

3. Tlhogo ya poo ya gouta go tswa mo lebokoseng le le nang le modumo la harepa

4. Dibenya

5. Serwalo sa mo tlhogong se se kgabisitsweng ka dibenya

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]

Photos: Courtesy of the British Museum

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