Muhakhu Wahooneya Mwa Iseekulu Sinci

Mulipa ootokosa myaha khonikupali etthu enoona awe ni maitho awe. Owo onnivarerya saana epedaso ya yoolepa ya Biibiliya ya khalai ikwaha sinceene. Ileetera ni gramatika aya onnimukupaliha wira oophwanya nivali na Biibiliya a khalai ootaphuleliwa nttaava na oGeórgia!

MUHAKHU owo waaphwanyiwe muDezembro 1922, okathi musomi mmosa a elapo ya oGeórgia oniitthaniwa Ivané Javakhishvili aaphavela awe osuwela moota alfabeto a oGeórgia sipacenrye awe. Okathi owo, aahiphwanya ekoopiya ya oYerusalemu eniitthaniwa Talmude. Vaavo aavarerya awe, owo aanoona vathi va soolepa sa eHeeberi, ileetera soottipihiwa sa nttaava na oGeórgia.a

Yoolempwa emosa “yahooneya”, yaari ya Talmud yeeyo yaakopiyariwe epantta emosa ya mBiibiliyani mwa eliivuru ya Yeremiya okhuma eseekulu 5 E.C. Vahinatthi ophwanyiwa ekoopiya ela, yaahikhala ekoopiya ekina ya Biibiliya yoolempwa ni matata oGeorgia, okhuma eseekulu 9 E.C. Moohipisa, saahiphwanyiwa ipantte sikina sa iliivuru sa Biibiliya sa eseekulu 5 E.C, wala ehinatthi eseekulu eyo. Nkahaya muupuwele ophwanya iliivuru silempwale iyaakha vakhaani nuumala okathi wa Yesu ni arummwa!

Ti pani aamutaphulenle Biibiliya ola? Niireke aataphuleliwe ni mutthu mmosa wala egrupu ya anamataphulela oowiimananiha? Mpakha-va, khasikhanle soohimmwa sa mulaponi, sinaakhula nikoho nno. Vanaamwi vahisuweliwaka ti pani yaamutaphulenle Biibiliya owo, masi ookhala onamoona wira Biibiliya wala ipantte sawe, aahitaphuleliwa mwa nttaava na oGeorgia khalai eseekulu 4; ni wira Nuulumo na Muluku naaniphwanyaneya wala osuweliwa ni atthu oGeorgia mwa nttaava naya nooyareliwa okathi ole.

Yowiiraneya emosa enooniherya wira atthu a oGeorgia yaanisuwela Soolempwa eniphwanyaneya muliivuruni eniitthaniwa The Martyrdom of St. Shushanik the Queen, (Wookotthiwa wa Pwiyamwene Shushanik), woonasa wene elempwale wanikisa wa eseekulu 5. Mulipa-oolepa eliivuru eyo, ohimyaka sa wookotthiwa wa pwiyamwene a elapo ele, onniromola Isalimo, Evangelho, ni ipantte sikina sa Biibiliya. Nave-tho, onnihimya wira moophavela ovukula onanariwa wa mwene ooPersia, iyawe Shushanik aitthaniwa Varsken yoowo-tho aari governadore a Omwene wa oGeorgia wa Kartli, aahihiya “eKristau” nto khupacerya otthara etiini ya oPersia eniitthaniwa zoroastrismo. Vano aahaatumererya amwaarawe opaka etthu emosaru. Moovarihana ni eliivuru eyo, Shushanik aahikhootta ohiya sookupali sawe ni aahiphwanya yoomaaliha okathi aasoma awe Soolempwa mahiku ookiserya a okumi awe.

Okhuma eseekulu 5, otaphuleliwa ni okopiyariwa wa Biibiliya nttaava na oGeorgia, woonasa wene khonahiiwe. Ophwanyaneya wa aBiibiliya anceene oolempwa ni matata a nttaava na oGeorgia, onooniherya nthiti nuulupale na atthu yaamukopiyari ni anamataphulela. Nrowe nithokorerye ipantte piili sa yowiiraneya ela yoovara murima: omutaphulela ni omwimpirimiri Biibiliya.

OPHWANYANEYA WA ABIIBILIYA ANCEENE OOTAPHULELIWA

“Miyo, Giorgi, mulopwana monge oohivuwa, kootaphulela eliivuru ela ya Masalimo kirumeelaka eGriki ya niinano wira kitaphulele mwa nttaava na oGeorgia, orweela mwa wiimananiha vanceene”. Moolumo awo yaalavuliwe eseekulu 11 ni mulopwana mmosa oGeorgia aitthaniwa Giorgi Mtatsmindeli. Xeeni vaatthuneya aya otaphuleliwa aBiibiliya akina vanaamwi aakhanle okhuma khalai Biibiliya a nttaava na oGeorgia?

Wanikisa wa eseekulu 11, iliivuru vakhaani paahi soolempwa ni matata sa aBiibiliya a khalai ti saaphwanyaneya. Iliivuru sikina saahimala-mala. Ohiya-vo, moolumo makina a nttaava nlo, yaahiturukeya; nto ale yaasoma iliivuru iyo vaanaaxankiha wiiwexexa ikoopiya sa khalai. Nnaamwi anamataphulela anceene yaamanihale osuka nttaava na Biibiliya na oGeorgia, muteko wa Giorgi waahikhaliherya vanci. Owo aarimwaatokosa aBiibiliya yaakhanle ni nttaava na oGeorgia vamosa ni iliivuru soolempwa ni matata sa eGriki. Nto khutaphulela ipantte saahaleela, ikwaha sikina, iliivuru ntero. Othana, owo aavara miteko sawe ntoko muhooleli a mosteiro. Ohiyu owo aamutaphulela Biibiliya.

Mulopwana mukina a elapo ele aitthaniwa Ephrem Mtsire aahivikaniha muteko wa Giorgi. Owo aahipaka etthu yaari yootthuneya: manual a moota wootaphulela. Manual awo yaahikhalana malakiheryo wa moota wootaphulela, ntoko otthara nttaava na ephattu ni otthara etexto yaataphulela aya, masi mwa enamuna yiiweya aya saana. Nave-tho, owo taapacerihale ohela masu vakhaani vathi va epaaxina wa aBiibiliya a oGeorgia. Ephrem taamutaphulenle Biibiliya oomalela yoowo waarina iliivuru sotheene sa Biibiliya. Muteko wa Giorgi ni Ephrem waahikhaliherya vanceene muteko wootaphulela muhoolo.

Eseekulu yoottharelana, iliivuru sikina saahitaphuleliwa oGeorgia. Saahiphwanyiwa ixikola soovirikana ipooma sa oGelati ni Ikalto. Asomi anceene annikupali wira Biibiliya mmosa olimaleliwe wiitthaniwaka Gelati Bible, yoowo vano opwehiwe Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts (Opuro onipwehiwa iliivuru soolempwa ni matata oGeorgia) ti Biibiliya musya otaphuleliwe ni musomi a oGelati wala Ikalto.

Niireke muteko wowaataphulela aBiibiliya awo ohaakhaliherya atthu oGeorgia? Eseekulu 12, poeta mmosa aitthaniwa Shota Rustaveli aahilepa ele eniitthaniwa Vepkhis-tqaosani. Biibiliya ola aahaakhaliherya atthu mwa iseekulu sinci mpakha ohimmwa okhala Biibiliya a nenli oGeorgia. Musomi mmosa oGeorgia a mahiku ala, K. Kekelidze onihimya wira pooti poeta ola aamuromola wala ohaamuromola Biibiliya, “epoema awe enooniherya moonelo awe voohimya sa Biibiliya”. Nnaamwi epoema awe ettittimiheryaka romances, masi ikwaha sinceene enittittimiherya opatthani wekeekhai, ovaha, waattittimiha athiyana, ni waaphenta aletto. Malamulo awo yiixuttihiwe ni Biibiliya, aakhaliherya vanceene muupuwelo wa atthu oGeorgia mwa okathi munceene, nto mpakha olelo-va malamulo awo annitthariwa ntoko mweettelo wa atthu.

EMUSI YA MAMWENE ENNIMWIMPIRIMIRI BIIBILIYA

Wanikisa wa eseekulu 17, emusi ya mamwene oGeorgia yaaniphavela vanceene okhalana Biibiliya owimpirimiriwa. Mwaha wa yeeyo, mwene Vakhtang VI aahipaka empresora okapitaali, Tbilisi. Masi, Biibiliya otheene khaalikanne wira wimpirimiriwe. Vanikhala wira Biibiliya oGeorgia, aahitthikela-tho ohooneya. Nto saaphwanyaneya ipantte vakhaani paahi sa iliivuru soolempwa ni matata; nave-tho, moolumo aya yaari a khalai. Tivonto, musomi mmosa a mattaava aitthaniwa Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani aahirummwa otthikela onweha ni omulokiherya Biibiliya owo.

Orbeliani aahipacerya ovara muteko owo mooluttuweliwa. Nto aanisuwela mattaava manceene, ohela muhina eGriki ni Elatim, owo aahiwerya otokosa ikaruma soovirikana ohiya paahi iliivuru sa oGeorgia saalempwe ni matata. Masi, eKerexa Ortodoxa khiyoonenle saana muupuwelo awe wooloka. Ahooleli ayasa yaahimootherya oveeha ekerexa ni amutumererya mwene okupali wira aahaana omaliha muteko owo woomutaphulela Biibiliya. Moovarihana ni epaphelo emosa ya oGeorgia, enihimya wira muthukumano wa ahooleli a ekerexa yaahimukhanyererya Orbeliani wira ompahe Biibiliya yoowo amutaphulenle awe mwa iyaakha sinci.

Moohakalaliha, eliivuru emosa yoolempwa ni matata eniihaniwa Mtskheta (Mcxeta), enisuweliwa ntoko Saba’s Bible yoovikaniha okhala mpakha mahiku ahu ala, yeeyo elempwale ni Orbeliani. Masi, akina annaanyiherya akhala wira ola Biibiliya yoowo ahooleli a ekerexa yaahamphavela aya. Nto, paahi moolumo ari mu apendise tanooniherya nsina na Orbeeliani.

Nnaamwi saakhumelela mixankiho, Biibiliya owimpirimiriwa aahivikaniha okhala etthu yootthuneya wa atthu akina a emusi ya mamwene. Eriyari ya iyaakha sa 1705 ni 1711, ipantte sikina sa Biibiliya saahimpirimiriwa. Mwaha wa wiimananiha wa Bakari ni Vakhushti makhulupale a omwene wa oGeorgia, vaahiweryaneya okhalana Biibiliya oomalela mwaakha wa 1743! Nto khivaaweryaneya-tho Biibiliya ohooneya.

[Enoota]

[Elatarato epaaxina 9]

[Masu a elatarato]

© The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford [Ms.Georg.c.1(P) Verso]

[Elatarato epaaxina 9]

[Masu a elatarato]

National Archives of Georgia

[Ekaaxa epaaxina 10]

NSINA NA MULUKU MBIIBILIYANI A OGEORGIA

Nsina nomwaneene Yehova (nttaava na eHeberi, יהוה), nenlo Muluku oniisuwanyeiha awe mBiibiliyani, ninniphwanyaneya ikwaha soowiiraka 7.000 mwa nttaava noopacerya na iliivuru soolempwa ni matata. ABiibiliya anceene a oGeorgia ataphuleliwe aarantteliha nsina nlo ni mwiihaneliwo oowi “Pwiya”. Masi apendise mmosa a eliivuru eniitthaniwa Saba’s Bible, Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani onnitaphulela nsina na Yesu mwa masu ala anittharelana: “leses: Mwa nttaava na eHeeberi: leova Pwiya moopoli”. Moohakalaliha nsina na Muluku, Yehova ninniphwanyaneya mmapuro aya ooreerela wa Biibiliya Tradução do Novo Mundo das Escrituras Sagradas mwa nttaava na oGeorgia, okumiheriwe mwaakha wa 2006 ni Anamoona a Yehova.

[Elatarato]

[Masu a elatarato]

National Center of Manuscripts

[Ekaaxa epaaxina 11]

EKRISTAU OGEORGIA

Silini eKristau ephiyale aya elapo ya oGeorgia? Khasikhanle soohimmwa sa mulaponi sinihimya okathi ene. Masi, eliivuru ya Miteko ennihimya wira aYuda akina ni ale yaakenle etiini ya aYuda yaakhuma oPonto yaahithukumana oYerusalemu wira awiriyane ihapari sooreera oPentekoositi a 33 E.C. Awosa yaahitthikela elapo aya ni amwarya-mwarya ihapari sooreera. Woonasa wene, okhuma eyaakha ya 62 E.C, saahikhala miloko sa eKristau oPonto. Mwa eseekulu yoopacerya, oPonto waahimmwa okhala muttetthe wa mpantta onikela epheyo weiwo mahiku ala ori mukano wa oTurquia ni oGeorgia.—Miteko 2:9; 1 Pedru 1:1.

[Maapha]

(Muwehe eliivuru ene wira moone itthu sotheene)

GEORGIA

Muttetthe wa khalai wa oPonto

oYerusalemu