Te Kau Asmonéens Pea Mo Tanatou Tofiʼa

ʼI TE temi neʼe nofo ai ia Sesu ʼi te kele, neʼe mavetevete te Lotu Faka Sutea ʼo tahi fakatuʼu tona kiʼi kūtuga, ʼo fefihiʼaki peʼe ko ai ʼaē ʼe lahi age tana puleʼi te hahaʼi. Neʼe ko te ʼaluʼaga ʼaia ʼe fakamatala ʼi te ʼu Evaselio ʼo feiā mo te ʼu tohi ʼo te tagata tohi hisitolia Sutea ʼo te ʼuluaki sēkulō ko Josèphe.

ʼI te ʼaluʼaga ʼaia, ʼe hā te kau Faliseo pea mo te kau Satuseo ohage ko he ʼu hahaʼi mālohi ʼaupito, ʼe nātou lava fakamaliu te manatu ʼo te hahaʼi ʼo aʼu ki tanatou līaki ia Sesu ʼi tona ʼuhiga Mesia. (Mateo 15:1, 2; 16:1; Soane 11:47, 48; 12:42, 43) Kae, ʼe mole palalau te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo ki te ʼu kūtuga mālohi ʼaia e lua.

Neʼe hoki palalau ia Josèphe ki te kau Satuseo pea mo te kau Faliseo ʼi te temi ʼo te lua sēkulō ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi. Lolotoga te temi ʼaia tokolahi te kau Sutea neʼe nātou mulimuli ki te faʼahiga maʼuli ʼo te sivilisasio faka Keleka, ko tona faka ʼuhiga, ko te filosofia pea mo te faʼahiga maʼuli ʼa te kau Keleka. Neʼe malaga tāfito te fihi ʼi te ʼu aga faka Keleka pea mo te Lotu Faka Sutea ʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe ʼulihi e te kau tagata takitaki ʼo te hākoga ʼo te kau Séleucides ia te fale lotu ʼi Selusalemi ʼo nātou momoli kia Zeus. Ko te pule lototoʼa mai te kau Sutea, ia Judas Maccabée, ʼe kau ki te famili ʼa te kau Asmonéens, neʼe ina takitaki te foʼi tau agatuʼu neʼe nātou faʼao te fale lotu mai te kau Keleka.a

Neʼe ʼiloga te ʼu taʼu ʼaē neʼe hoa ki te agatuʼu mo te mālo ʼa te kau Makape, ʼaki te fakatuʼu ʼo te ʼu magaʼi lotu ʼe fakatafito ki te fefakatautauʼaki ʼi te ʼu faʼahiga akonaki, ʼo tahi fai peʼe ko ai ʼaē ka ina maʼu te toe hahaʼi tokolahi ʼi te kau Sutea. Kae koteā ʼaē neʼe hoko ai? He koʼe koa neʼe kua mavetevete feiā te Lotu Faka Sutea? Moʼo tali kiai, tou vakaʼi age muʼa te hisitolia ʼa te kau Asmonéens.

Ko Te Tuputupu ʼo Te Puleʼaga Faʼitaliha Pea Mo Te Mavetevete

ʼI tana ʼosi fakahoko tana fakatuʼutuʼu ʼaē ke toe fakatuʼu te tauhi ʼi te fale lotu ʼa Sehova, neʼe maliu leva ia Judas Maccabée ki te fai politike. Koia, tokolahi te kau Sutea neʼe nātou lītuʼa leva kia ia. Kae, neʼe hoko atu pe tana tauʼi te kau tagata takitaki ʼo te hākoga ʼo te kau Séleucides, pea neʼe ina fai ai te fuakava mo Loma, pea neʼe ina faigaʼi ke ina fakatuʼu he Puleʼaga Sutea ʼe faʼitaliha. ʼI te hili ʼo te mate ʼa Judas ʼi te tau, neʼe hoko atu e tona ʼu tēhina ko Jonathan pea mo Simon te tau ʼaia. ʼI te kamata neʼe tau mālohi te kau takitaki ʼo te hākoga ʼo te kau Séleucides ki te kau Makape. Kae ʼaki te temi, neʼe tali leva e te kau takitaki ʼaia ke nātou mulimuli ki te ʼu faiga ʼa te ʼu tēhina Asmonéens ʼo nātou fakagafua ke nā maʼu he faʼahiga faʼifaʼitaliha.

Logope tanatou hifo mai te hāko ʼa te kau pelepitelo, neʼe mole ʼi ai he Asmonéen neʼe gāue ohage he pelepitelo lahi. Tokolahi te kau Sutea neʼe nātou manatu neʼe tonu ki te tuʼulaga ʼaia ke maʼu e te kau pelepitelo ʼe hifo mai ia Satoke, ʼaē neʼe fakanofo pelepitelo lahi e Salomone. (1 Hau 2:35; Esekiele 43:19) Neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e Jonathan te tau pea mo te faiva kākā moʼo fakalotoʼi ʼo te kau Séleucides ke nātou fakanofo ia ia ke pelepitelo lahi. Kae, ʼi te mate ʼa Jonathan, ko Simon tona tēhina neʼe ina maʼu te tuʼulaga ʼaia pea mo te tahi meʼa neʼe lahi age. ʼI Sepetepeli ʼo te taʼu 140 ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi, neʼe tā te talanoa maʼuhiga ʼi Selusalemi, ʼo tohi ki te ʼu maka bronze ʼi te lea faka Keleka: “Ko te hau ko Démétrius [te pule Keleka ʼo te hākoga ʼo te kau Séleucides] neʼe ina fakanofo ia ia [ia Simon] ki te ʼuhiga pule lahi ʼi te kau pelepitelo; neʼe ina fakaliliu ia ia ko hana Kaumeʼa, pea mo fai age ki ai he ʼu fakaʼapaʼapa lalahi. . . . Neʼe fakatotonu e te kau Sutea mo te kau pelepitelo ke liliu ia Simon ko hanatou tagata takitaki pea mo pelepitelo lahi ʼo talu ai, ʼo aʼu ki te hoki tuʼu ake ʼo he polofeta ʼe tāu mo te falala.”—1 Maccabées 14:38-41 (ko he tohi faka hisitolia neʼe maʼu ʼi te tohi Apocryphe).

Ko te tuʼulaga ʼa Simon ʼi tona ʼuhiga tagata takitaki pea mo pelepitelo lahi—maʼa ia mo tona hākoga—neʼe mole gata pe ki te kau Séleucides ʼaē neʼe nātou tali ia ia kae neʼe ʼio kiai mo “te Fakatahi Lahi” ʼo tana hahaʼi totonu. Neʼe fakaʼiloga ai te fetogi lahi ʼi te hisitolia. ʼE ʼui e te tagata fai hisitolia ko Emil Schürer, ʼi te ʼosi fakatuʼu e te kau Asmonéens tonatou hōloga faka politike, “neʼe mole kei tokakaga leva nātou ki te fakahoko ʼo te Torah [te Lao faka Sutea] kae neʼe nātou tokakaga ki te puipui pea mo te fakalahi ʼo tonatou mālohi faka politike.” Kae, ʼi tana tuʼania ʼaē naʼa mamahi te loto ʼo te kau Sutea, neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e Simon te higoa faka tuʼulaga ʼaē ko te “pule ʼo te hahaʼi,” kae neʼe mole ina fakaʼaogaʼi te higoa faka tuʼulaga ʼaē ko te “hau.”

Neʼe mole lototahi fuli te kau Sutea ki te faʼao e te kau Asmonéens te pule faka lotu pea mo te pule faka politike. Maʼa te kau tagata sivi tokolahi, neʼe lagi faʼufaʼu ʼi te temi ʼaia te kūtuga ʼo te Qumran. Ko te pelepitelo mai te hōloga ʼo Satoke, ʼaē neʼe manatu neʼe faka ʼuhiga ki ai te ʼu tohi ʼo te Qumran “ko te tagata fai akonaki ʼo te Faitotonu,” neʼe mavae mai Selusalemi pea neʼe ina takitaki te kūtuga ʼo te kau fakafeagai ki te toafa ʼo Suta ʼi te Tai Mate. ʼE tauteaʼi e te fakamatala ʼa Hapakuke, ko he takaiga tohi ʼi te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo te Tai Mate, ia “te Pelepitelo Agakovi ʼaē neʼe fakanofo ke ina fakatuʼu te moʼoni ʼi te kamata, kae ʼi te temi pe ʼaē neʼe nofo hau ai neʼe liliu ia ʼo fiatuʼu.” Tokolahi te kau tagata popoto ʼe nātou lau ʼe lagi ko Jonathan peʼe ko Simon ʼaē ʼe faka ʼuhiga kiai te ʼu fakamatala ʼo te magaʼi lotu ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼafio ʼo te “Pelepitelo Agakovi.”

Neʼe hoko atu e Simon tana tau moʼo fakalahi te telituale ʼaē ʼe tonu ke pule kiai. Kae, neʼe mate fakafokifā ʼi Seliko, neʼe fakapogi ia ia mo tona ʼu foha e lua e Ptolémée, te ʼohoana ʼo tona ʼofafine kae nātou lolotoga fakafiafia. Neʼe mole iku te faiga ʼaia ke faʼao te tuʼulaga. Neʼe fakahā age kia Jean Hyrcan, ko he foha ʼo Simon neʼe hāo mai te fakapō, ke tokaga naʼa matehi mo ia. Neʼe ina puke ia nātou ʼaē neʼe nātou fakahoko te fakapō, pea neʼe ina toʼo te tuʼulaga pule pea mo pelepitelo lahi ʼo tana tāmai.

Ko He Fakalahi ʼo Te Puleʼaga Pea Mo He Pule Fefeka

ʼI te kamataʼaga, neʼe tuʼania e Jean Hyrcan te ʼu foʼi solia Silia, kae ʼi te 129 ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi, ko te hākoga ʼo te kau Séleucides neʼe mole nātou mālo ʼi te tau maʼuhiga ki te kau Parthes. ʼO ʼuhiga mo te ʼu ikuʼaga ʼo te tau ʼaia ki te kau Séleucides, neʼe tohi fēnei e te tagata poto Sutea ko Menahem Stern: “Teitei pe ko te puleʼaga katoa neʼe kua tō.” Koia, neʼe “lava ai [kia Hyrcan] ke ina toe maʼu katoa te faʼifaʼitaliha faka politike ʼo Sutea pea neʼe ina kamata folahi ʼi te ʼaluʼaga kehekehe.” Pea neʼe ina fakahoko tonu te potu ʼaia.

ʼI te temi leva ʼaē ʼi tana mole kei tuʼania he faʼahi mai te kau Silia, neʼe kamata ʼohofi e Hyrcan te ʼu fenua ʼi tuʼa atu ʼo Suta, ʼo fakakinauʼi ia te hahaʼi ʼo te ʼu kolo ʼaia ke nātou fakalogo. Kapau neʼe loto e te hahaʼi ke hāofaki tanatou ʼu kolo pea neʼe tonu ke nātou tafoki ki te Lotu Faka Sutea. Neʼe fakahoko te faʼahi feiā ki te kau Iduméens (te kau Etomite). ʼO ʼuhiga mo te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe fakatokaga fēnei e Stern: “ ʼO ʼuhiga mo te fakatafoki ʼo te kau Iduméens, neʼe ko te hoki hokoe ʼo he meʼa feiā, koteʼuhi neʼe ko he kūtuga katoa kae mole ko he ʼu hahaʼi feiā pe.” ʼI te ʼu fenua ʼaē neʼe ina ʼohofiʼi neʼe kau ai ia Samalia, pea neʼe holoʼi katoa e Hyrcan te fale lotu ʼa te kau Samalitana ʼaē neʼe tuʼu ʼi te Moʼuga ʼo Kelisime. ʼI tana palalau ki te faikehe ʼo te fakatafoki fakakinau e te hākoga Asmonéen, neʼe tohi fēnei e te tagata fai hisitolia ko Solomon Grayzel: “Neʼe ko te mokopuna ʼa Mattathias [te tāmai ʼa Judas Maccabée] ʼaē neʼe ina maumauʼi te pelesepeto maʼuhiga—te faʼifaʼitaliha faka lotu—ʼaē neʼe fakaʼaliʼaliki tona taupau e te taʼiake muʼa atu.”

Te Kau Faliseo Pea Mo Te Kau Satuseo

Ko tana faitohi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te pule ʼa Hyrcan ʼaē neʼe hoki palalau ai ia Josèphe ki te tuputupu ʼo te mālohi ʼa te kau Faliseo pea mo te kau Satuseo. (Neʼe palalau ia Josèphe ki te kau Faliseo ʼaē neʼe maʼuʼuli ʼi te temi ʼo te pule ʼo Jonathan.) ʼE mole ina fakamatala tonatou haʼuʼaga. ʼE ʼui e ʼihi hahaʼi popoto ko nātou ʼe nātou ʼōmai mai te kau Hassidims, ko he magaʼi lotu fakamalotoloto neʼe lagolago kia Judas Maccabée ʼi tana ʼu faiga faka lotu kae neʼe nātou lītuʼa kia ia ʼi tanatou tokagaʼi te liliu ʼo tana ʼu faiga ko he ʼu faiga faka politike.

Ko te kupu Faliseo ʼe tautau fakapipiki māhani kiai te kupu faka Hepeleo ʼaē ʼe faka ʼuhiga ki te “kau mavae kehe,” logope maʼa ʼihi ʼe ʼalutahi mo te kupu “kau fakamatalatala.” Ko te kau Faliseo neʼe ko te kau popoto ʼo te hahaʼi māhani, neʼe mole ʼi ai honatou hākoga makehe. Neʼe nātou fakamavae pe ia nātou totonu mai he heʼemaʼa faka lotu ʼaki he faʼahiga filosofia ʼo he faʼahiga pipiki ki te ʼAtua, ʼo nātou fakapipiki te ʼu lao ʼo te fale lotu ʼa te kau pelepitelo ki te ʼu faʼahiga meʼa noa pe ʼo te maʼuli. Neʼe faʼufaʼu e te kau Faliseo te faʼahiga fakamahino ʼo te Tohi-Tapu pea mo te manatu foʼou ʼaē neʼe higoa ki muli age ko te lao ʼe akoʼi gutu. ʼI te temi pule ʼa Simon, neʼe nātou liliu ai ʼo mālolohi ʼi te temi neʼe hinoʼi ʼihi ia nātou ke nātou kau ki te Gérousia (te fono ʼo te kau tagata ʼāfea), ʼaē neʼe liliu ki muli age ko te Sanetualio.

ʼE fakamatala e Josèphe ko Jean Hyrcan, ʼi te kamata, neʼe ko he tahi neʼe mulimuli ki te kau Faliseo. Kae, ʼi te tahi ʼaluʼaga, neʼe fakatonutonuʼi ia ia e te kau Faliseo ʼi tana mole lītuʼa mai tona tuʼuga pelepitelo lahi. Neʼe tupu ai leva te tokakovi ia nātou. Neʼe fakatuʼu ai e Hyrcan te ʼu lao ʼe ʼui ai ko te ʼu fakatuʼutuʼu ʼa te kau Faliseo ʼe fakafeagai ki te ʼu fakatuʼutuʼu faka puleʼaga. Mole gata ai, kae neʼe kau leva mo te kau Satuseo, ko he kau fakafifihi faka lotu ʼa te kau Faliseo.

ʼE mahino ia ko te higoa Satuseo ʼe fakapipiki ki te Pelepitelo Lahi ko Satoke, neʼe maʼu e tona hōloga te tuʼulaga pelepitelo talu mai te temi ʼo Salomone. Kae, neʼe mole hifo fuli te kau Satuseo mai te hākoga ʼaia. ʼE fakamatala e Josèphe, ko te kau Satuseo neʼe ko te kau ʼaliki pea neʼe nātou maʼu koloā, pea neʼe mole ʼofainaʼi nātou e te hahaʼi. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te Polofesea ko Schiffman: “Tokolahi ia nātou . . . neʼe ʼiloga mai ia neʼe ko te kau pelepitelo peʼe neʼe nātou ʼohoanaʼi te ʼu hahaʼi mai te ʼu famili ʼo nātou maʼu te tuʼulaga pelepitelo lahi.” Neʼe fualoa ai tanatou felogoi lelei mo nātou ʼaē ʼe maʼu tuʼulaga. Koia, ko te tuputupu ʼo te mālohi ʼa te kau Faliseo ʼi te maʼuli ʼo te hahaʼi pea mo te manatu ʼa te kau Faliseo ke fakahoko ki te hahaʼi māhani te ʼu naunau fakamaʼa ʼa te kau pelepitelo, neʼe liliu ia ko he faʼahi ʼe feala ke ina fakahifo te tuʼulaga pule ʼa te kau Satuseo. ʼI te lakaga nei, ʼi te ʼu fakaʼosiʼosi ʼo te temi ʼo Hyrcan, neʼe toe maʼu e te kau Satuseo te tuʼulaga pule.

Kua Maʼuhiga Age Te Politike ʼi Te Lotu

Ko te foha ʼuluaki ʼo Hyrcan, ia Aristobule, neʼe ʼafio pe ʼi te taʼu e tahi pea mate ia. Neʼe ina hoko atu te fakatuʼutuʼu ke fakatafoki fakakinau te kau Ituréens pea ʼaki tana faiga neʼe puleʼi e te kau Asmonéens te potu noleto ʼo Kalilea. Kae ʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe ʼafio ai tona tēhina muli ko Alexandre Jannée, mai te taʼu 103 ki te 76 ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi, neʼe mālohi ʼaupito ai te kau Asmonéens.

Neʼe mole muliʼi e Alexandre Jannée te fakatuʼutuʼu ʼuluaki pea neʼe ina fakanofo ia ia totonu ki te tuʼulaga pelepitelo lahi pea mo hau. Neʼe lēsili te fefihiʼaki ʼa te kau Asmonéens mo te kau Faliseo, neʼe iku ai ki te tau ʼi te loto fenua ʼo mamate ai te toko 50 000 kau Sutea. ʼI te ʼosi ʼo te agatuʼu, neʼe fai e Alexandre Jannée te meʼa ʼe fakatatau ai ia ia ki te ʼu hau pagani, neʼe ina fekauʼi ke tautau te toko 800 ʼi te hahaʼi agatuʼu ʼi ʼonatou kia. ʼI tonatou temi tau tūgaki, neʼe matehi ʼi ʼonatou ʼu muʼa tonatou ʼohoana mo tanatou ʼu tamaliki; kae lolotoga fakafiafia ia Jannée mo ʼona ʼu fai feʼauʼaki.b

Logope tana fehiʼa ki te kau Faliseo, kae ko Jannée neʼe ko te tagata fai politike kākā. Neʼe ina tokagaʼi te lagolago ʼa te kaugamālie ki te kau Faliseo. ʼI tana ʼamanaki mate neʼe ina tokoniʼi tona ʼohoana, ia Salomé Alexandra, ke ina fakahoko tana pule mo nātou ʼaia. Neʼe fili e Jannée tona ʼohoana ke ina toʼo te tuʼulaga pule, kae neʼe mole ina filifili tona ʼu foha. Neʼe ina fakahā tana poto takitaki, ʼo ina faka fealagia ki te puleʼaga ke nofo ʼi te fīmālie, ʼi te pule ʼa te kau Asmonéens (mai te taʼu 76 ki te 67 ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi). Neʼe toe fakatuʼu te kau Faliseo ki tanatou ʼu tuʼulaga kau takitaki, pea ko te ʼu lao ʼaē neʼe fakafeagai ki ʼanatou ʼu fakatuʼutuʼu faka lotu neʼe molehi.

ʼI te mate ʼa Salomé, neʼe fefihiʼaki mālohi tana ʼu tama, ia ia ʼaē neʼe pelepitelo lahi ia Hyrcan 2 mo Aristobule 2. Neʼe mole maʼu e nāua te faʼahiga fakasiosio faka politike pea mo faka solia ʼaē neʼe maʼu e tanā ʼu kui, pea ʼe hage ia neʼe mole nā mahino katoa ki te nofo ʼa Loma ʼi te ʼu koga meʼa ʼaia ʼi te ʼosi molehi katoa ʼo te puleʼaga Séleucide. ʼI te 63 ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi, neʼe haga te tautēhina kia Pompée ʼaē neʼe nofo ʼi Damas pea neʼe nā kole age ki ai ke haʼu ʼo fakatokatoka tanā fihi. ʼI te taʼu pe ʼaia, neʼe ʼōmai ia Pompée mo tana kau solia ki Selusalemi pea neʼe nātou puleʼi. Neʼe kamata hifohifo ai te puleʼaga Asmonéen. ʼI te 37 ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi, neʼe puleʼi ia Selusalemi e te Hau Etomite ko Helote Lahi, ʼaē neʼe fakamoʼoni e Loma ki tona ʼuhiga “Hau ʼo Sutea,” “ko te kaumeʼa ʼo te puleʼaga Loma.” Neʼe kua pulinoa te puleʼaga Asmonéen.

Te Tofiʼa Asmonéen

Ko te temi ʼo te kau Asmonéens, mai ia Judas Maccabée kia Aristobule 2, neʼe ina ʼaumai ai te mavetevete ʼi te faʼahi faka lotu, ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe nofo ai ia Sesu ʼi te kele. ʼI te kamata neʼe tauhi fakamalotoloto te kau Asmonéens ki te ʼAtua, kae neʼe fetogitogi kovi ʼo tahi faiga pe ki tona lelei. Ko tanatou kau pelepitelo, ʼaē neʼe nātou lava fakatahitahi te hahaʼi ke nātou mulimuli ki te Lao ʼa te ʼAtua, neʼe nātou taki te hahaʼi ki te vanu ʼo te fihi faka politike. ʼAki te taʼi ʼaluʼaga ʼaia, neʼe mafola ai te manatu kehekehe ʼi te faʼahi ʼo te lotu. Kua pulinoa te kau Asmonéens, kae ko te fihi ʼi te kau Satuseo, mo te kau Faliseo, pea mo ʼihi atu ke nātou maʼu te pule faka lotu neʼe ʼiloga ʼi te hahaʼi ʼi te temi ʼo Helote pea mo Loma.

[Kiʼi nota]

[Paki ʼo te pasina 30]

(Vakaʼi te nusipepa)

Te Hākoga ʼa Te Kau Asmonéens

Judas Maccabée Jonathan Maccabée Simon Maccabée

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Jean Hyrcan

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Salomé Alexandra — neʼe ʼohoana mo — Alexandre Jannée Aristobule

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Hyrcan 2 Aristobule 2

[Paki ʼo te pasina 27]

Neʼe faiga e Judas Maccabée ke puleʼaga faʼitaliha te kau Sutea

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]]

The Doré Bible Illustrations/Dover Publications, Inc.

[Paki ʼo te pasina 29]

Te tau ʼa te kau Asmonéens ke mafola atu tanatou puleʼi te ʼu kolo ʼaē ʼe mole ko he ʼu kolo Sutea

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

The Doré Bible Illustrations/Dover Publications, Inc.