Neʼe Fakaaʼu Feafeaʼi Mai Te Tohi-Tapu Kia Tatou—Faʼahi ʼUluaki

Ko te ʼu faʼahi 2 pea mo te 3 ʼe hā anai ʼi Te Tule Leʼo ʼo te ʼaho 15 ʼo Sepetepeli pea mo te ʼaho 15 ʼo ʼOketopeli.

ʼI TE kiʼi fale gāue, ko te tagata tā tohi pea mo tana kau gāue ʼe nātou gāue ʼo mulimuli pe ki te ʼu meʼa ʼaē ʼe fai e tanatou masini papa tā tohi, ʼo nātou ʼai te ʼu pepa hina ʼi te meʼa ukamea ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ai te vai tohi. ʼI tanatou toʼo te ʼu pasina ʼaia, ʼe nātou toe vakaʼi te ʼu mataʼi tohi ʼaē neʼe tā. ʼE nātou tau te ʼu pasina ʼaia ke moamoa ʼi te ʼu kauʼi filo ʼaē ʼe fakapipiki ʼi he kaupā ki te tahi kaupā.

Fokifā pe, ʼe tukituki mālohi te matapā. Ko te tagata tā tohi, ʼi tana kua tuʼania lahi, ʼe ina avahi te foʼi loka ʼo te matapā, pea ʼe hūfi te fale e te kau solia mo ʼanatou fana. ʼE nātou kamata kumi te faʼahiga tohi ʼe tapuʼi tāfito e te lao: ko te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te lea ʼo te hahaʼi māhani!

Kae neʼe tauhala mai te kau solia. ʼI tanā kua ʼiloʼi te tuʼutāmaki ʼaē neʼe feala ke hoko, ko te tagata fai fakaliliu pea mo tona kaumeʼa neʼe kua nā foimo ʼolo ki te fale gāue ʼo nā toʼo te tuʼuga pasina ʼaē kua tohi, pea nā feholaki ʼi te Vaitafe ʼo te Rhin. Neʼe nā hāofaki ai te tahi koga ʼo tanā gāue.

Ko te tagata fai fakaliliu ʼi te hisitolia ʼaia ʼe ko William Tyndale ʼaē ʼi te taʼu 1525, neʼe ina faigaʼi ke ina tā ʼi Cologne, ʼi Siamani, te “Tauhi Foʼou” Fakapilitānia ʼaē neʼe tapuʼi. Ko te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe ina fai pea mo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko kia ia neʼe makehe ʼaupito. Lolotoga te ʼu taʼu e teitei 1 900 ʼi te ʼosi tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, ko te tokolahi neʼe nātou faiga ke nātou fakaliliu pea mo tufa te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua, logope la neʼe feala ai ke fakatupu tuʼutāmaki kia nātou. Ia ʼaho nei, ʼe kei tou maʼu te ʼu fua lelei ʼo tanatou gāue. Koteā te meʼa ʼaē neʼe nātou fai? Neʼe fakaaʼu feafeaʼi mai kia tatou te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼaē ʼe tou fakaʼaogaʼi?

Te ʼUluaki Hiki Pea Mo Fakaliliu ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu

Neʼe faka maʼuhigaʼi tuʼumaʼu e te ʼu kaugana ʼa te ʼAtua tana Folafola. ʼE fakamoʼoni ki te faʼahi ʼaia te tohi New Catholic Encyclopedia: “Ohage ko tanatou ʼu kui Sutea, neʼe faka maʼuhigaʼi e te kau ʼuluaki Kilisitiano te lau ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. ʼI tanatou faʼifaʼitakiʼi ia Sesu (Mateo 4.4; 5.18; Luka 24.44; Soane 5.​39), neʼe ʼiloʼi lelei e te kau ʼApositolo te T[auhi] F[oʼou] ʼuhi ko tanatou ako fualoa pea mo lau fakalelei te tohi ʼaia, pea neʼe nātou uga tanatou kau tisipulo ke nātou fai te faʼahi ʼaia (Loma 15.4; 2 Timoteo 3.15-​17).”

Ke feala te fai ʼo te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe tonu ke hiki te Tohi-Tapu. ʼI muʼa atu ʼo te temi faka Kilisitiano, ko te gāue ʼaia neʼe fai e te kau tagata ‘hiki tohi faiva’ pea neʼe mole nātou fia fai he ʼu hala ʼi tanatou gāue. (Esitalasi 7:​6, 11, 12) ʼI tanatou faiga ke lelei ʼaupito tanatou gāue, neʼe nātou tuku he faʼifaʼitaki lelei ki te hahaʼi hiki Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe muli mai.

Kae ʼi te fā sēkulō I.M.T.T.,a neʼe hoko te fihifihia. Neʼe loto e Alexandre le Grand ke ako te Tohi-Tapu e te hahaʼi ʼo te malamanei katoa ʼi te lea faka Keleka. ʼUhi ko tana ʼu mālo ʼi te ʼu fenua ʼo te Potu Hahake, neʼe liliu leva te lea faka Keleka, peʼe ko te Koine, ko te lea ʼaē neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi ʼi te malamanei katoa. Ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko ʼaki, neʼe tokolahi te kau Sutea neʼe mole nātou ako te lea faka Hepeleo pea neʼe mole feala tanatou lau te Tohi-Tapu. Koia, ʼi te taʼu 280 I.M.T.T., neʼe fakatahiʼi he kau tagata sivi Tohi-Tapu ʼi Alexandrie, ʼi Esipito, ke nātou fakaliliu ai te Tohi-Tapu faka Hepeleo ki te lea māhani ʼaē ko te Koine. Neʼe fakahigoaʼi tanatou fakaliliu ko te Septante, ko te kupu faka Keleka ʼaia ko tona faka ʼuhiga ko te “Fitugofulu,” heʼe ʼui ko te toko fitugofulu ʼaē neʼe kau ki te fai fakaliliu. Neʼe fakaʼosi te gāue ʼaia ʼi te taʼu 150 I.M.T.T.

ʼI te temi ʼo Sesu, neʼe kei fakaʼaogaʼi te lea faka Hepeleo ʼi Palesitina. Kae neʼe ko te lea faka Koine ʼaē neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi tāfito ʼi te potu ʼaia pea mo te tahi ʼu potu fenua ʼo te puleʼaga Loma. Koia, neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e te kau tagata fai Tohi-Tapu faka Kilisitiano te lea faka Keleka ʼaia ke mahino kiai te tokolahi ʼi te ʼu fenua kehekehe. Tahi ʼaē meʼa, neʼe lahi te ʼu kupuʼi palalau ʼo te Septante ʼaē neʼe nātou fakaʼaogaʼi.

Mai tona ʼuhiga ʼaē ko te kau ʼuluaki Kilisitiano neʼe ko te kau misionea agatonu, koia neʼe mole tuai pea neʼe nātou fakaʼaogaʼi te Septante moʼo fakamoʼoni, ko Sesu neʼe ko te Mesia ʼaē neʼe fakapapau mai talu mai fualoa. Neʼe matataku ai te kau Sutea pea neʼe uga ai nātou ke nātou fai te ʼu Tohi-Tapu foʼou ʼi te lea faka Keleka, pea ʼi te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼaia neʼe fetogi ai ʼihi vaega ke ʼaua naʼa fakatafito kiai e te kau Kilisitiano tanatou ʼu akonaki. Ohage la ia Isaia 7:​14, neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e te Septante te kupu faka Keleka ko tona faka ʼuhiga ko te “taupoʼou,” pea neʼe ko te lea faka polofeta ʼaia ʼo ʼuhiga mo te faʼe ʼa te Mesia. Ko te ʼu fakaliliu foʼou neʼe nātou fakaʼaogaʼi te tahi kupu faka Keleka, ko tona faka ʼuhiga ʼaē “finemui.” Ko te fakaʼaogaʼi tuʼumaʼu e te kau Kilisitiano ia te Septante neʼe ina uga te kau Sutea ke nātou tuku tanatou fakatuʼutuʼu ʼaē ke nātou tohi te tahi ʼu Tohi-Tapu faka Keleka, pea neʼe nātou toe fakaʼaogaʼi te lea faka Hepeleo. Ko tanatou fai te meʼa ʼaia, neʼe liliu ko he tapuakina ki te kau fakaliliu Tohi-Tapu ki muli age, koteʼuhi neʼe taupau ai te fakaʼaogaʼi ʼo te lea faka Hepeleo.

Ko Te ʼu ʼUluaki Hahaʼi Tā Tohi Faka Kilisitiano

Neʼe faiga e te ʼu ʼuluaki Kilisitiano ke lahi te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe nātou fai, pea neʼe nātou hiki nima te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼaia. Neʼe nātou kamata fakaʼaogaʼi foki mo te codex, ʼaē neʼe hage tona ʼu pasina ko te ʼu tohi ia ʼaho nei, ʼo mole kei fakaʼaogaʼi te ʼu takaiga tohi. ʼO hilifaki ki te maʼu gafua ʼo te ʼu vaega Tohi-Tapu ʼi te faʼahiga tohi ʼaia, neʼe lahi age te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe feala ke tohi ʼi te codex pe e tahi, ʼi te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te tahi takaiga tohi​—ohage la, neʼe feala ke tohi ai te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka katoa peʼe ko te Tohi-Tapu katoa.

Ko te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka Faka Kilisitiano neʼe fakaʼosi ʼi te taʼu 98 O.T.T.,b pea neʼe ko te ʼapositolo fakamuli ko Soane ʼaē neʼe kei maʼuli ʼaē neʼe ina fai te ʼu tohi fakaʼosi. ʼE kei ʼi ai te koga ʼo te Evaselio ʼa Soane, ʼaē ʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te Rylands Papyrus 457 (P⁵²), ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te taʼu 125 O.T.T. ʼI te taʼu 150 ki te taʼu 170 O.T.T., ko Tatien, te tisipulo ʼa Justin le Martyr, neʼe ina tohi te Diatessaron, ko te fakamatala ʼo te maʼuli ʼo Sesu ʼaē neʼe toʼo mai te ʼu Evaselio e fā ʼaē ʼe tou maʼu ʼi tatatou Tohi-Tapu ia ʼaho nei.c Ko te faʼahi ʼaia ʼe ina fakahā mai tana tui ʼaē ʼe moʼoni tokotahi pe te ʼu Evaselio ʼaia, pea neʼe kua maʼu e te hahaʼi te ʼu tohi ʼaia. ʼI te taʼu 170 O.T.T., neʼe fai te tohi ʼaē ʼe ʼui ʼe ko te ʼuluaki “Tauhi Foʼou,” pea neʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te Fragment de Muratori. ʼE tuʼu ai te ʼu koga tāfito ʼo te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka Faka Kilisitiano.

ʼUhi ko te mafola lahi ʼo te tui faka Kilisitiano, neʼe tonu ke tohi te tahi ʼu fakaliliu ʼo te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka Faka Kilisitiano pea mo te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo. ʼAki te temi, neʼe fai te ʼu fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te ʼu lea kehekehe ohage ko te Arménien, te Copte, te Géorgien, pea mo te Syriaque. Ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe tau hoko ʼuhi ko te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe tonu ke fetogi te ʼu mataʼi tohi ʼo te ʼu lea ʼaia. Ohage la ko Ulfilas, ko te ʼēpikopō ʼo te ’Ēkelesia Loma ʼi te fā sēkulō, ʼe ʼui neʼe ina ʼuluaki fai te ʼu mataʼi tohi Gothique ke feala tana fakaliliu te Tohi-Tapu. Kae neʼe mole ina fakaliliu te ʼu tohi ʼo te ʼu Hau, heʼe ʼi tana manatu, neʼe ko he fakaloto mālohi ʼaia ki te kau Goths agamālohi ke nātou laga tau. Ko tana fai te faʼahi ʼaia neʼe mole ina tāʼofi te kau Goths ke nātou maumauʼi ia Loma ʼi te taʼu 410 O.T.T.!

Ko Te ʼu Tohi-Tapu Faka Latina Pea Mo Faka Slave

ʼI te temi ʼaia, neʼe liliu ʼo maʼuhiga te lea faka Latina, pea neʼe tā te ʼu fakaliliu kehekehe ʼi te lea faka Latina ʼĀfea. Kae neʼe mole lelei pea mo tonu tuʼumaʼu tonatou tohi. Koia ʼi te taʼu 382 I.T.T., neʼe fakatotonu age e te Tuʼi Tapu ko Damase ki tana sikalaipe ko Jérôme, ke ina tohi he Tohi-Tapu ʼi te lea faka Latina ʼaē ʼe lelei.

Neʼe kamata e Jérôme tana gāue ʼo ina toe vakaʼi te ʼu fakaliliu faka Latina ʼo te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka Faka Kilisitiano. Kae moʼo fakaliliu ʼo te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo, neʼe lotomālohi ke ina fakaʼaogaʼi te ʼu ʼuluaki tohi ʼo te lea faka Hepeleo. Koia ʼi te taʼu 386 O.T.T., neʼe ʼalu ia ʼo nofo ʼi Selusalemi, ke ina ako ai te lea faka Hepeleo pea mo kumi tokoni ki he lapi. ʼI tana fai te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe fakafeagai kia ia te hahaʼi ʼo te ʼu ʼēkelesia kehekehe. Neʼe ʼi ai ʼihi, ʼo kau ai mo Augustin, ʼaē neʼe maʼuli ʼi te temi ʼo Jérôme, neʼe nātou ʼui ko te Septante neʼe hau mai te ʼAtua, pea neʼe nātou ʼui ko Jérôme neʼe “ko te tagata kākā koteʼuhi neʼe ʼalu ʼo kumi tokoni ki te kau Sutea.” Neʼe faiga mālohi, pea neʼe fakaʼosi e Jérôme tana gāue ʼi te taʼu 400 O.T.T. ʼI tana fakaʼaogaʼi te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe fai ʼi te ʼu lea ʼāfea pea mo fakaliliu nātou ki te lea māhani ʼa te hahaʼi, neʼe fai e Jérôme te faʼahiga fai fakaliliu neʼe kamata fai hili kiai taʼu e afe. Neʼe fakahigoaʼi tana Tohi-Tapu ko te Vulgate, peʼe ko te Fakaliliu ki te Lea Māhani, pea neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi lolotoga ni ʼu sēkulō.

ʼI te ʼu fenua ʼo te potu hahake ʼaē neʼe kau ki te Keletiate, neʼe kei lahi te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe nātou lau te Septante pea mo te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka Faka Kilisitiano. Kae ki muli age, ko te lea Slave ʼĀfea neʼe liliu ko te lea tāfito ʼi te ʼu fenua ʼo te potu hahake ʼo Eulopa. ʼI te taʼu 863 O.T.T., ko te tautēhina neʼe nā popoto ʼi te lea faka Keleka, ko Cyrille pea mo Méthode, neʼe nā ʼolo ki Moravie, ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ia ʼaho nei ʼi te République Tchèque. Neʼe nā kamata fakaliliu te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te lea Slave ʼĀfea. Moʼo fai ʼo te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe nā fai te faʼahiga mataʼi tohi foʼou ʼaē ko te Glagolitique, pea ki muli age neʼe fetogi ʼaki te mataʼi tohi Cyrillique, ʼo mulimuli ki te higoa ʼo Cyrille. Ko te ʼu mataʼi tohi Lusia, mo te Ukraine, mo te Serbe, pea mo te Bulgare, neʼe fai ʼaki te faʼahiga mataʼi tohi ʼaia. Neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e te hahaʼi ʼo te ʼu fenua ʼaia te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te lea faka Slave lolotoga ni ʼu taʼu. Kae ʼaki te temi, ʼi te fetogi ʼo te ʼu agaaga ʼo te ʼu lea, neʼe kua faigataʼa ki te hahaʼi māhani ke nātou lau te Tohi-Tapu ʼaia.

ʼE Hoko Atu Te Fakaʼaogaʼi ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu Faka Hepeleo

Lolotoga te moʼi temi ʼaia, ʼo kamata mai te ono sēkulō ʼo aʼu ki te hogofulu sēkulō O.T.T., ko te kūtuga Sutea ko tonatou higoa ko te kau Massorètes, neʼe nātou fai he faʼahiga hiki foʼou ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, moʼo taupau ʼo te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo. Ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe nātou fai, neʼe nātou lau fakalelei te ʼu laini fuli māʼia mo te ʼu mataʼi tohi fuli, ke feala hanatou ʼiloʼi te ʼu hala ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe hiki, ʼi tanatou faiga ʼaē ke nātou taupau te lelei ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼāfea. Pea neʼe ʼi ai te ʼu fua ʼo te ʼu faiga ʼaia. Ohage la, kapau ʼe tou fakatatau te ʼu Tohi ʼa te kau Massorètes mo te ʼu Takaiga Tohi ʼo te Tai Mate ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te taʼu 250 I.M.T.T. ʼo aʼu ki te taʼu 50 O.T.T., ʼe mole he akonaki neʼe fetogi ʼi te vaha ʼo te ʼu taʼu ʼaia e afe.d

ʼI Eulopa, ko te Moyen-Âge neʼe ko he temi fakapōʼuli ʼaia. Neʼe mole lahi te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe feala ke nātou lau pea mo ako he tohi. Ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko, māʼiape la mo te tokolahi ʼo te kau takitaki lotu, neʼe mole feala hanatou lau te lea faka Latina ʼa te ʼēkelesia pea neʼe toe feiā pe mo tanatou lea. Tahi ʼaē meʼa, ʼi te temi ʼaia neʼe fakakeheʼi ai te kau Sutea pea mo fekauʼi nātou ke nātou maʼuʼuli fakatahi ʼi te ʼu kele neʼe hinoʼi ke nātou nonofo ai. ʼUhi ko tanatou nofo mamaʼo ʼi te tahi hahaʼi, neʼe hoko atu tanatou ako te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo. Kae ʼuhi ko te fakapalatahi pea mo te heʼe falala ʼa te hahaʼi Sutea, neʼe mole feala ki te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe mole Sutea ke nātou maʼu te faʼahiga ʼatamai mālama ʼaia. ʼI te potu hihifo ʼo te Eulopa, neʼe mole kei faʼa poto te hahaʼi ʼi te faka Keleka. Neʼe toe ʼāsili kovi te ʼaluʼaga ʼaia ʼuhi ko te lagolago mālohi ʼa te ʼu ’Ēkelesia ʼo te Potu Hihifo ki te Vulgate faka Latina ʼa Jérôme. Neʼe nātou ʼui neʼe ko te fakaliliu pe ʼaia e tahi ʼaē neʼe fakagafua ke fakaʼaogaʼi, logope la neʼe mole kei fakaʼaogaʼi te lea faka Latina ʼi te temi ʼaia ʼo te kau Massorètes fakamuli. Koia, neʼe tuputupu te holi ʼa te hahaʼi ke nātou ʼiloʼi te Tohi-Tapu, pea ko te faʼahi ʼaia ʼe ina fakatupu anai he ʼu fihifihia.

ʼE Hoko Te ʼu Fakafeagai Ki Te Fakaliliu ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu

ʼI te taʼu 1079, neʼe fai e te Tuʼi Tapu ko Grégoire 7 te ʼuluaki lao ʼaē neʼe ina tapuʼi ai te tā pea mo te maʼu ʼo he ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼi te lea māhani ʼa te hahaʼi. Neʼe ina tapuʼi te fai ʼo te ʼu Misa ʼi te lea faka Slave, koteʼuhi neʼe tonu ke fakaliliu he ʼu vaega faka Tohi-Tapu moʼo fai ʼo te ʼu Misa ʼaia. Neʼe fakafeagai ki te manatu ʼa te kau ʼuluaki Kilisitiano ʼi tana ʼui fēnei: “Neʼe leleiʼia e te ʼAtua ke liliu te Tohi-Tapu ko he meʼa fakalilo ʼi ʼihi potu.” ʼI te ʼiloʼi e te hahaʼi te manatu ʼaia ʼa te ʼēkelesia, neʼe ʼui ko nātou ʼaē neʼe nātou fakaloto mālohi te hahaʼi ke nātou lau te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe ko he ʼu hahaʼi fakatupu tuʼutāmaki.

Logope la te ʼu fihifihia ʼaia, neʼe hoko atu te fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te ʼu lea ʼaē neʼe māhani kiai te hahaʼi. Neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi fakafūfū ʼi Eulopa te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼi te ʼu lea kehekehe. Ko te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼaia neʼe hiki nima, mai tona ʼuhiga ʼaē neʼe mole heʼeki fai te masini tā tohi ʼi muʼa ʼo te 14 sēkulō. Kae mai tona ʼuhiga ʼaē neʼe mole lahi pea mo totogi kovi te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼaia, koia neʼe mole feala ki te tagata māhani ke ina maʼu he koga pe ko he ʼu kiʼi pasina ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Ko ʼihi neʼe lahi te ʼu koga ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe nātou ako ke nātou maʼu fakaʼatamai, māʼiape la mo te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka Faka Kilisitiano katoa!

Kae ʼaki te temi, neʼe loto e te hahaʼi ʼo te ʼu fenua kehekehe ke fetogi te ʼu agaaga ʼo te ʼēkelesia. Neʼe hoko te faʼahi ʼaia koteʼuhi neʼe mahino ki te hahaʼi te maʼuhiga ʼo te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua ʼi tonatou maʼuli. Neʼe lave feafeaʼi te ʼu fetogi ʼaia pea mo te fakaʼaogaʼi ʼo te masini tā tohi ki te tufa ʼo te Tohi-Tapu? Pea koteā te meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko kia William Tyndale pea mo tana Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe tou palalau ki ai ʼi te kamata ʼo te alatike? ʼI te ʼu Tule Leʼo ʼaē ka hoa mai, ʼe tou hoko atu anai te fakamatala ʼaia ʼo aʼu ki totatou temi.

[Nota ʼi te lalo pasina]

[Mape ʼo te pasina 8, 9]

Ko Te ʼu ʼAho Maʼuhiga ʼi Te Fakahokohoko ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu

ʼI MUʼA ʼO TOTATOU TEMI

Neʼe fakaʼosi te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo ʼi te teitei taʼu

443 I.M.T.T.

400 I.M.T.T.

Ko Alexandre le Grand (neʼe mate ʼi te taʼu 323 I.M.T.T.)

300 I.M.T.T.

Neʼe kamata tohi te Septante ʼi te teitei taʼu 280

I.M.T.T.

200 I.M.T.T.

100 I.M.T.T.

Ko te ʼu Tohi ʼo te Tai Mate ʼi te teitei taʼu 100

I.M.T.T. ki te taʼu 68 O.T.T.

ʼO TOTATOU TEMI

Neʼe fakaʼauha ia Selusalemi ʼi te taʼu 70 O.T.T.

Neʼe fakaʼosi te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka ʼi te taʼu 98 O.T.T.

100 O.T.T.

Ko te Papilusi ‘Rylands’ ʼo te Evaselio ʼa Soane

(ʼi muʼa ʼo te taʼu 125 O.T.T.)

200 O.T.T.

300 O.T.T.

400 O.T.T. Ko te Vulgate faka Latina ʼa Jérôme ʼi te teitei

taʼu 400 O.T.T.

500 O.T.T.

600 O.T.T.

ʼE teuteuʼi te ʼu Tohi ‘Massorétiques’

700 O.T.T.

800 O.T.T.

Ko Cyrille ʼi Moravie ʼi te taʼu 863 O.T.T.

900 O.T.T.

1000 O.T.T.

Ko te lao neʼe ina tapuʼi ʼi te taʼu 1079 O.T.T.

te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te lea māhani

1100 O.T.T.

1200 O.T.T.

1300 O.T.T.

[Paki ʼo te pasina 9]

Neʼe ʼuluaki fakaʼaogaʼi e te kau ʼuluaki Kilisitiano te ‘codex’

[Paki ʼo te pasina 10]

Neʼe ʼalu ia Jérôme ki Petelehemi ke ina ako ai te lea faka Hepeleo