Te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Te Hau—Ko He Tohi Maʼuhiga ʼi Te Fai Fakaliliu

ʼI TE kamataʼaga ʼo te 16 sēkulō, neʼe mavae te sitima mai Sepania ʼo ʼalu ki Italia. ʼI te faʼahi ʼaē neʼe tānaki ai te ʼuta ʼo te vaka, neʼe tuku ai te meʼa maʼuhiga ʼaupito​—ko te ʼuta kātoa ʼo te ʼu Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute, ʼaē neʼe tā ʼi te vaha ʼo te taʼu 1514 pea mo te taʼu 1517. Fokifā kua hoko te afā. Neʼe faigaʼi e te kau gāue ʼo te vaka ke nātou hāofaki te sitima, kae neʼe mole hona fua. Neʼe mou te vaka mo tona ʼuta maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼaia.

ʼUhi ko te tuʼutāmaki ʼaia neʼe hoko, koia neʼe tonu ai ke toe tā ia te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute. Neʼe tali leva e Christophe Plantin, tagata tufuga tā tohi, ke toe tā te ʼu Tohi-Tapu. Moʼo fakahoko te toe gāue ʼaia, neʼe tonu ke ina maʼu he tagata maʼu koloā moʼo lagolago ki tana gāue, koia neʼe ina kole ai kiā Filipe 2, te hau ʼo Sepania, ʼaē neʼe kauhaki tāfito ki te gāue ʼaia ʼaki tona ʼu koloā. ʼI muʼa ʼo hana fai he tonu, neʼe fakalavelave muʼa e te hau ki te ʼu hahaʼi Sepania kehekehe ʼe fai fakaliliu Tohi-Tapu, ʼo kau ai ia te tagata fai fakaliliu Tohi-Tapu ʼiloa ko Benito Arias Montano. Neʼe ʼui fēnei e te tagata ʼaia ki te Hau ko Filipe: “ ʼE mole ʼaoga pe anai moʼo fai ʼaki te tauhi ki te ʼAtua pea mo ʼaoga ki te Lotu Katolika, kae ʼe ina faka kolōlia lahi anai ki te huafa ʼo tou ʼAfio pea mo tou ʼalikisia.”

Mai te ʼaluʼaga ʼaē ʼe liliu anai te toe tā ʼo te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute ko he toe gāue maʼuhiga, koia neʼe fakatotonu ai e Filipe ke lagolago kātoa ki te gāue ʼa Plantin. Neʼe kole e Filipe kiā Arias Montano ke tokaga ki te toe gāue ʼaia, ʼaē neʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Te Hau, peʼe ko te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers.a

Neʼe tokaga ʼaupito ia Filipe ki te fai ʼo te gāue ʼaia ʼo te tā ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, ʼo ina kole ai ke momoli age ke ina vakavakaʼi te ʼu lauʼi pepa fuli ʼo te tā tohi ʼaia. Kae neʼe mole faʼa leleiʼia e Plantin ke momoli muʼa te ʼu lauʼi pepa ʼaia mai Anvers ki Sepania, ke lau pea ke fai he ʼu fetogi e te hau, pea ke toe fakaliliu age. Koia neʼe momoli age pe kiā Filipe ia te ʼuluaki pasina pea lagi mo ʼihi pasina ʼo te kamata. Neʼe kua lelei te gāue ʼaē neʼe fai e Montano ʼi te toe sivisivi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, pea neʼe tokoni lelei age ia te ʼu polofesea e toko tolu mai Louvain pea mo te ʼofafine ʼo te tagata tā tohi.

Ko He Tagata Neʼe Manako Ki Te Folafola ʼa Te ʼAtua

Neʼe mole faigataʼa kiā Arias Montano hana gāue mo te kau tagata fai fakaliliu ʼo Anvers. Neʼe leleiʼia e Plantin ia Montano he neʼe ko he tagata neʼe ina tali te ʼu manatu ʼa ʼihi, pea neʼe nā liliu ai ko te ʼu kaumeʼa neʼe gāue fakatahi ʼo aʼu ki tonā mamate. Neʼe mole makehe pe ia Montano ʼuhi ko te lelei ʼo tana ako, kae neʼe toe makehe foki ʼuhi ko tana manako ki te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua.b ʼI tona ʼuhiga tūpulaga, neʼe ina fia fakaʼosi tana ako ʼi te ʼu faleako lalahi ke feala hana tokaga ʼāteaina pe ki te ako ʼo te Tohi-Tapu.

Maʼa Arias Montano, kapau ʼe ko he meʼa ʼe feala, pea ʼe tonu ke fakaliliu fuli te ʼu kupuʼi palalau ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Neʼe ina faigaʼi ke ina fakaliliu kātoa te ʼu meʼa fuli ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te ʼu lea ʼuluaki ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, ʼo faka fealagia ai kiā ia ʼaē ka ina lau te Tohi-Tapu ke ina lau te Folafola totonu ʼa te ʼAtua. Neʼe mulimuli ia Montano ki te ʼu palalau ʼa Érasme, ʼaē neʼe ina tokoniʼi fēnei te kau tagata fai fakaliliu ke nātou “faka mafola ia Kilisito ohage ko tona tuʼu totonu ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼuluaki.” Ko te faka ʼuhiga ʼo te ʼu lea ʼuluaki ʼo te Tohi-Tapu neʼe fufū ki te hahaʼi lolotoga te ʼu sēkulō, koteʼuhi neʼe faigataʼa te mahino ki te ʼu fakaliliu Faka Latina.

Ko Te Agaaga Faʼu ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu, Te Polyglotte dʼAnvers

Ko te ʼu koga tohi fuli ʼaē neʼe tohi nima e Alfonso de Zamora moʼo teuteuʼi pea mo toe tā ia te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute neʼe fakatoʼo fuli kiā Arias Montano, ʼaē neʼe ina fakaʼaogaʼi moʼo fai ʼaki te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Te Hau.c

Neʼe ko te fakatuʼutuʼu ʼuluaki ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Te Hau ke toe tā ia te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute, kae neʼe mole hoko feiā ia. Ko te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo pea mo te ʼu Tohi Faka Keleka ʼo te Septante neʼe toʼo mai te Polyglotte de Complute, kae neʼe hilifaki kiai mo te ʼu koga tohi foʼou pea mo te tahi ʼu fakamahino. Kua liliu te fakaliliu foʼou ʼo te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte ko foʼi tohi e valu. Ko te tā ʼaia ʼo te Tohi-Tapu neʼe fai lolotoga taʼu e nima, mai te taʼu 1568 ki te taʼu 1572, kae neʼe vave tona fai logola neʼe ko he toe gāue faigataʼa. Neʼe tā te ʼu Tohi-Tapu e 1 213.

Ko te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute ʼo te taʼu 1517 neʼe ko he “mātaga ʼi te gāue ʼaē ko te faʼu ʼo te ʼu mataʼi tohi,” kae ko te Tohi-Tapu foʼou Polyglotte dʼAnvers neʼe laka age ʼi te ʼuluaki Tohi-Tapu ʼi tona maʼuhiga pea mo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi ai. Neʼe ko he tohi maʼuhiga ʼi te hisitolia ʼo te tā tohi pea tāfito, ʼi te teuteuʼi ʼo te ʼu koga Tohi-Tapu ʼaē kua lelei age tona faʼahiga tohi.

Te ʼu Fakafeagai ʼo Te ʼu Fili ʼo Te Folafola ʼa Te ʼAtua

Neʼe mole ko he meʼa faka punamaʼuli te fakafeagai ʼo te ʼu fili ki te fakaliliu lelei ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Logola neʼe ʼio te tuʼi tapu ki te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers pea ko Arias Montano neʼe ko he tagata poto ʼiloa pea mo fakaʼapaʼapaʼia, kae neʼe fakahā tana gāue ki te Inikisisio Sepania. Neʼe ʼui e te kau fakafeagai neʼe fakahā ʼi te Tohi-Tapu ʼaia ʼe lelei age pea mo totonu age te fakaliliu faka Latina ʼa Santes Pagninus ia te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo pea mo Faka Keleka ʼi te fakaliliu Tohi-Tapu ʼa te Vulgate, ʼaē neʼe fakaliliu ʼi te ʼu sēkulō ki muʼa atu. Neʼe nātou toe tukugakoviʼi ia Montano ʼo nātou ʼui neʼe ko he tagata fakafeagai ki te lotu Katolika, tana kumi ʼaē ki te ʼu lea ʼuluaki ʼuhi ko tana fia fakaliliu fakalelei age ia te Tohi-Tapu.

Neʼe lau e te Inikisisio “ko te Hau neʼe mole kei lahi hona faka maʼuhigaʼi ʼuhi ko tana foaki te paʼaga ke tā te Tohi-Tapu ʼaia.” Neʼe nātou fakahā tanatou mole leleiʼia te mole faʼa faka maʼuhigaʼi e Montano ia te Vulgate, te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe fakagafua ʼi te temi ʼaia. Logola te ʼu tukugakovi ʼaia, kae neʼe mole maʼu he ʼu fakamoʼoni feʼauga moʼo tauteaʼi ia Montano pea mo te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte. Ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko, neʼe fakaʼapaʼapaʼi te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Te Hau, pea neʼe liliu ia ko te tohi neʼe lahi tona fakaʼaogaʼi ʼi te ʼu univelesitē kehekehe.

Ko He Meʼa Gāue ʼAoga Ki Te Fakaliliu ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu

Logola ko te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers neʼe mole ko he tohi maʼa te hahaʼi fuli, kae neʼe liliu ia ko he meʼa gāue ʼaoga ki te kau fai fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Ohage pe ko te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute, neʼe tokoni te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers ki te mahino lelei age ki te ʼu koga tohi ʼo te ʼu ʼuluaki lea ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Neʼe tokoni te Tohi-Tapu ʼaia ki te kau fai fakaliliu ke nātou mahino lelei age ki te ʼu lea ʼuluaki. Neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi te Tohi-Tapu ʼaia ki te fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ki te ʼu lea tāfito ʼo Eulopa. Ohage foki la, neʼe fakamatala e The Cambridge History of the Bible, ko te kau fai fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼiloa ʼo te King James Version, ʼaē neʼe fakaliliu ʼi te taʼu 1611, neʼe nātou fakaʼaogaʼi te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers ʼaē neʼe ʼaoga moʼo fakaliliu mai te ʼu lea ʼāfea. Neʼe toe ʼaoga ʼaupito ia te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Te Hau ki te fai ʼo te ʼu Tohi-Tapu Polyglottes, te ʼu Tohi-Tapu maʼuhiga e lua ʼaē neʼe tā ʼi te 17 sēkulō.​—Vakaʼi te fakamatala ʼaē ʼe ʼātakai “Te ʼu Tohi-Tapu Polyglottes.”

ʼI te ʼu faʼahi ʼaē neʼe maʼuhiga ʼaupito ai te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers, ko tana hoki faka fealagia ki te kau tagata fai fakaliliu Eulopa ke nātou maʼu te ʼu Tohi Faka Silia ʼo te Tauhi Foʼou. Neʼe tuʼu tahi te koga tohi Faka Silia mo te fakaliliu Faka Latina. Neʼe ko te tahi ʼaia meʼa maʼuhiga neʼe hilifaki kiai, koteʼuhi ko te koga tohi Faka Silia neʼe kau ki te ʼu fakaliliu ʼāfea ʼaupito ʼo te Tauhi Foʼou. Neʼe fai te tohi Faka Silia ʼi te nima sēkulō ʼo totatou temi, pea neʼe fakaliliu mai te ʼu tohi neʼe hiki nima ʼi te lua sēkulō ʼo totatou temi. ʼE fakamatala ʼi te tohi The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, “kua ʼiloʼi lelei te maʼuhiga ʼo te tohi [Faka Silia] Peshitta ki te hahaʼi sivi tohi. ʼE kau te tohi ʼaia ʼi te ʼu fakamoʼoni ʼāfea ʼaupito pea mo maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼo te ʼu talatisio ʼāfea.”

Neʼe mole feala ki te ʼafā peʼe ko te ʼu fakafeagai ʼa te Inikisisio Sepania, ke nātou tāʼofi ia te toe fai ʼo he tohi lelei age pea mo lahi age ʼo te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute, pea ʼi te taʼu 1572, neʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te Tohi-Tapu ʼo Te Hau. Ko te hisitolia ʼo te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers ʼe ko te tahi ʼaia faʼifaʼitaki ʼo te ʼu faiga ʼa te ʼu tagata fakamalotoloto ke nātou hāofaki te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua.

Peʼe nātou mahino kiai peʼe kailoa, kae neʼe ʼiloga ʼi te faʼafai ʼa te ʼu tagata ʼaia ia te moʼoni ʼo te palalau faka polofeta ʼa Isaia. Kua teitei hili kiai te ʼu taʼu e tolu afe, neʼe ina tohi fēnei: “Kua moamoa te mouku, kua fefe te fisiʼi teu; kae ʼo ʼuhiga mo te folafola ʼa totatou ʼAtua, ʼe tologa anai ia ʼo aʼu ki he ʼu temi ʼe mole ʼiloʼi hona gataʼaga.”​—Isaia 40:⁠8.

[Kiʼi nota]

[Talanoa ʼo te pasina 13]

“ ʼO ʼuhiga mo te folafola ʼa totatou ʼAtua, ʼe tologa anai ia ʼo aʼu ki he ʼu temi ʼe mole ʼiloʼi hona gataʼaga”

[Talanoa/Paki ʼo te pasina 12]

TE ʼU TOHI-TAPU POLYGLOTTES

ʼE fakamahino fēnei e te tagata sivi Tohi-Tapu ko Federico Pérez Castro: “Ko he Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte ʼe ko he Tohi-Tapu ʼe tuʼu ai te ʼu koga tohi ʼi te ʼu lea kehekehe. Kae ʼi muʼa atu, neʼe faka ʼuhiga te kupu ʼaia ki te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe tuʼu ai te ʼu koga tohi ʼi te Faka Hepeleo pea mo te Faka Keleka. ʼAki te faka ʼuhiga ʼo te kupu ʼaia, ʼe mole lahi te ʼu Tohi-Tapu Polyglottes.”

1. Ko te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Complute (1514-1517) ʼaē neʼe pule tāfito kiai te Kaletinale ko Cisneros, neʼe tā ʼi Sepania, ʼi Alcalá de Henares. Ko te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe vaevae ia tohi e ono neʼe tuʼu ai te ʼu koga tohi ʼi te ʼu lea e fā: ʼi te Faka Alamea, mo te Faka Hepeleo, mo te Faka Keleka pea mo te Faka Latina. Neʼe faka fealagia ai ki te kau fai fakaliliu ʼo te 16 sēkulō ke nātou fakatafito tanatou fai fakaliliu, ki te Tohi-Tapu ʼaia neʼe maʼu ai te Faka Hepeleo pea mo te Faka Alamea.

2. Ko te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers (1568-1572) ʼaē neʼe fai e Benito Arias Montano, neʼe ina hilifaki ki te Tohi-Tapu Complute ia te koga tohi Peshitta ʼi te Faka Silia ʼo te Tauhi Foʼou pea mo te Targum Faka Alamea ʼa Jonathan. Ko te koga tohi Faka Hepeleo, ʼaē neʼe tuʼu ai te ʼu puani moʼo fakaʼiloga te ʼu voaiele, neʼe toe tohi fakalelei ʼo mulimuli ki te koga tohi Faka Hepeleo ʼo Jacob ben Hayyim. Neʼe ko te tafitoʼaga ʼaia ki te kau fai fakaliliu ʼo te Tauhi ʼĀfea.

3. Ko te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Paris (1629-1645) neʼe pule kiai ia te avoka Falani ko Guy Michel le Jay. Neʼe fakatafito ki te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers, kae neʼe hilifaki kiai ia te ʼu koga tohi Faka Samalitana pea mo Faka Alape.

4. Ko te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte de Londres (1655-1657), ʼaē neʼe fai e Brian Walton neʼe fakatafito mo ia ki te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte dʼAnvers. ʼI te Tohi-Tapu Polyglotte ʼaia, neʼe tuʼu ai mo te ʼu fakaliliu ʼāfea ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ki te Faka Etiopea pea mo te Faka Pelesia, logola ko te ʼu fai fakaliliu ʼaia neʼe mole nātou tokoni ki te fakamahino ʼo te ʼu koga tohi faka Tohi-Tapu.

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Banner and Antwerp Polyglots (two underneath): Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Antwerp Polyglot (on top): By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen; London Polyglot: From the book The Walton Polyglot Bible, Vol. III, 1655-1657

[Paki ʼo te pasina 9]

Filipo 2, te hau ʼo Sepania

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Philip II: Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid

[Paki ʼo te pasina 10]

Arias Montano

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Montano: Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

[Paki ʼo te pasina 10]

Te ʼu ʼuluaki masini tā tohi ʼi Anvers, ʼi Pelesike

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Press: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Paki ʼo te pasina 11]

ʼI te faʼahi hema: ko Christophe Plantin mo te ʼuluaki pasina ʼo te Polyglotte dʼAnvers

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Title page and Plantin: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Paki ʼo te pasina 11]

ʼI ʼoluga: Ko te koga tohi ʼo Ekesote kapite 15 ʼe vae iā ʼatu e fā

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 9]

Title page and Plantin: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 13]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid