Inani Labemi Bomhlaba—Kuthekani Ngekamva?
AMABOBOSI ezindlu, iimeko ezingekho mpilweni, ukunqaba kokudla namanzi acocekileyo, izifo, ukungondleki—ezi nentaphane yezinye iingxaki zizinto ezenzeka mihla le kubomi benxalenye enkulu yabemi bomhlaba. Phofu ke, njengoko sibonile, inkoliso yabantu abaphila kwezo meko ngandlel’ ithile iyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo ize iqhubeke iphila njengesiqhelo.
Noko ke, kuthekani ngekamva? Ngaba abantu kuya kufuneka baqhubeke benyamezele loo mvambo ngonaphakade? Okwenza izinto zintsonkothe ngakumbi, kuthekani ngentshabalalo neshwangusha ezithi izazinzulu ngemeko-bume nabanye liyeza ngenxa yokwanda kwabemi okuqhubekayo? Zisixelela ukuba sonakalisa ummandla wethu ngokungcolisa umoya, amanzi nomhlaba, zinto ezo esixhomekeke kuzo. Kwakhona zithetha ngokufudumala komoya ojikeleze umhlaba—ukukhutshwa kweegesi, ezinjengekhabhon diokside, imethane, iichlorofluorocarbon (izinto ezibangela ukubanda negwebu), eziya kuthi zifudumeze umoya zize zibangele ukuguquka kwemozulu yomhlaba, okuya kuba nemiphumo eyintlekele. Ngaba oku kuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kuyitshabalalise impucuko esiyibonayo? Makhe sihlolisise ngenyameko enkulu oothunywashe abambalwa abangundoqo.
Ngaba Kukho Abantu Abaninzi Gqitha?
Okokuqala, ngaba inani labemi bomhlaba liya kuqhubeka lisanda ngonaphakade? Ngaba kukho nto ibonisa ukuba liya kukhula liye kufikelela phi? Kambe ke, liyinyaniso elokuba inani labemi bomhlaba liyakhula phezu kwayo nje imigudu yokucwangcisa iintsapho. Ngoku ulwando lwabantu nyaka ngamnye lumalunga nama-90 ezigidi (inani elilingana nokongezwa kwabemi baseMexico nyaka ngamnye). Kubonakala ukuba okwangoku akukabikho themba lokuba lungathinteleka. Noko ke, xa ikhangela ikamva, inkoliso yeengcali zemicimbi yabemi ziyavumelana ngelithi ekugqibeleni inani labantu liza kuyeka ukwanda ngokukhawuleza. Umbuzo osezingqondweni zazo uthi bobe bebangaphi abemi yaye kobe kunini.
Ngokwezicwangciso zeNgxowa-mali Yokunyamekela Abemi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, inani labemi bomhlaba lisenokufikelela kwi-14 lamawaka ezigidi ngaphambi kokuba bayeke ukwanda. Phofu ke, abanye bathelekelela ukuba incopho yalo isenokuba li-10 ukusa kwai-11 lamawaka ezigidi. Enoba kuyintoni na, imibuzo ebalulekileyo yile: Ngaba baya kuba baninzi gqitha abantu? Ngaba umhlaba ungakwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abaliphinda kabini okanye kathathu inani elikhoyo ngoku?
Xa kuqwalaselwa amanani, ubukho babantu abali-14 lamawaka ezigidi ehlabathini lonke kuya kuthetha ukuba ngokomlinganiselo kuhlala abantu abali-104 kwisikwekhilomitha ngasinye. Njengoko sibonile, kwisixeko esixineneyo saseHong Kong kuhlala abantu abangama-5 592 kwisikwekhilomitha esinye. Sithetha nje, eNetherlands kuhlala abemi abangama-430 kwisikwekhilomitha esinye, ngoxa eJapan bengama-327 kwisikwekhilomitha esinye, ibe la ngamazwe anemigangatho engaphezu kweqhelekileyo yokuphila. Ngokucacileyo, nokuba inani labemi bomhlaba lingaya kufikelela kuloo mlinganiselo kuthiwa liza kuya kuwo, inani labantu aliyongxaki.
Ngaba Kuya Kubakho Ukudla Okwaneleyo?
Ngoko, kuthekani ngokudla? Ngaba umhlaba unako ukuvelisa ukudla okwaneleyo kokondla abantu abali-10 okanye i-14 lamawaka ezigidi? Ngokucacileyo, ukudla okuveliswa lihlabathi ngoku akwanele ukunyamekela abantu abangako. Enyanisweni, ngokufuthi siva ngeendlala, ukungondleki nangabantu ababhuqwa linxele likaKetsekile. Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba asivelisi ukudla okwaneleyo kokunyamekela abantu abakhoyo ngoku, singasathethi ke ngabantu abaliphinda kabini okanye kathathu elo nani?
Lowo ngumbuzo ekunzima ukuwuphendula kuba kuxhomekeke koko kusingiselwe kuko ngokuthi “okwaneleyo.” Ngoxa amakhulu ezigidi zabantu abahlala kwawona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini bengenako ukudla okwaneleyo kokugcina isondlo esingephi, esinik’ impilo, abantu abahlala kumazwe afumileyo nanemizi-mveliso bathwaxwa yimiphumo yokudla okunezondlo ezityebileyo—isifo sokushwabana (stroke), iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, isifo sentliziyo, njalo njalo. Oku kuyichaphazela njani imeko yokudla? Ngokolunye ubalo, kufuneka iikhilogram ezintlanu zokutya okuziinkozo ukuze kuveliswe ikhilogram enye yenyama yenkomo. Ngenxa yoko, ikota yabemi bomhlaba abatya inyama isebenzisa phantse isiqingatha semveliso yokutya okuziinkozo kwehlabathi.
Ngokuphathelele konke ukutya okuveliswayo, phawula oko kuthethwa yincwadi ethi Bread for the World: “Ukuba ukutya okuveliswayo lihlabathi ngoku bekusabelwa ngokulinganayo bonke abantu behlabathi, kuze kuncitshiswe inkcitho, bonke bebeza kufumana okwaneleyo. Mhlawumbi, bekungenakufane kwanele, kodwa bekuza kwanela.” Oko kwathethwa ngowe-1975, kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 edluleyo. Injani imeko namhlanje? Ngokutsho kweZiko Elinyamekela Ubuncwane Behlabathi, “kula mashumi amabini eminyaka adluleyo, iyonke imveliso yokudla ehlabathini iye yenyuka, ngaphezu koko kufunekayo. Ngenxa yoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaxabiso okutya okungundoqo nokuphambili ehle ngokwenene kwimarike zamazwe ngamazwe.” Olunye uphengululo lubonisa ukuba amaxabiso okutya okungundoqo njengerayisi, umbona, iisoybeans nokunye ukutya okuziinkozo kwehla ngesiqingatha okanye nangaphezulu ngelo xesha.
Ngokusisiseko kukonke oku kuthetha ukuba ingxaki yokutya ayibangelwa kangako koko kuveliswayo koko ibangelwa ngumlinganiselo naziindlela okusetyenziswa ngazo ukutya. Ubugcisa obutsha benkqubela bufumene iindlela zokuvelisa iintlobo-ntlobo zerayisi, zengqolowa nokunye ukutya okuziinkozo okunokukuphinda kabini oko kuveliswayo ngoku. Noko ke, inxalenye enkulu yobu bugcisa ijoliswe kwimveliso elungiselelwe intengiso, njengecuba neetumato, ukuze kwaneliswe ulangazelelo lwabo bami kakuhle kunokuzalisa izisu zamahlwempu.
Kuthekani Ngemeko-bume?
Ngakumbi nangakumbi, abo banikela ingqalelo ngenyameko kulo mbandela baqalisa ukuqonda ukuba ukwanda kwabemi ngomnye nje woothunywashe abasongela intlalo-ntle yangomso yoluntu. Ngokomzekelo, kwincwadi yabo ethi The Population Explosion, uPaul noAnne Ehrlich bathi umphumo imisebenzi yabantu enawo kwimeko-bume yethu unokuchazwa ngale ndlela ilula: Umphumo = inani labemi × umlinganiselo wobutyebi × umphumo ubugcisa bangoku obunawo kwimeko-bume.
Ngalo mlinganiselo, aba babhali bema ngelithi amazwe anjengeUnited States anabemi abaninzi ngokugqithiseleyo, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba enabantu abaninzi gqitha, koko ngenxa yokuba umlinganiselo wawo wobutyebi uxhomekeke kumlinganiselo ophakamileyo wokusetyenziswa kobuncwane bemvelo nobugcisa obuyichaphazela kanobom imeko-bume.
Olunye uphengululo lubonakala lukungqinela oku. IThe New York Times icaphula ingcali ngezoqoqosho uDaniel Hamermesh, njengethi ‘izinto ezityekezelwa emoyeni nezibangela ukufudumala kwawo zihlobene ngakumbi nomlinganiselo wezinto zoqoqosho kunenani lezinto ezizikhuphayo. Ummi oqhelekileyo waseMerika ukhupha ikhabhon diokside eninzi ngokuphindwe kali-19 kunommi oqhelekileyo waseIndiya. Yaye kunokwenzeka ukuba, ngokomzekelo, iBrazil emi kakuhle kwezoqoqosho nenolwando oluthe ngcembe lwabemi ingawatshisa amahlathi ayo ashinyeneyo aphele ngephanyazo kuneBrazil ehlwempuzekileyo nelanda ngokukhawuleza kuyo inani labemi.’
Ekhanyisa ingongoma ngokusisiseko efanayo, uAlan Durning weZiko Lokondela Ihlabathi uthi: “Abantu abaliwaka lesigidi abangabona bafumileyo ehlabathini baye benza uhlobo lwempucuko yokubawa nekavula-zibhuqe gqitha kangangokuba esi sijikelezi-langa sisengozini. Uhlobo lobomi lwezi ngcungcu—abaqhubi beenqwelo-mafutha, abantu abatya inyama, nabasela iziselo ezinesoda nabantu abathenga izinto ezinokulahlwa—lusongela imeko-bume ngomlinganiselo omkhulu nongenakuthelekiswa nanto ngaphandle mhlawumbi kokwanda kwenani labemi.” Ubonisa ukuba le “mbinana iyeyona imi kakuhle” eluntwini ivelisa phantse esona sixa sikhulu seechlorofluorocarbon nesixa esingaphezu kwesiqingatha sezinye izinto ezibangela ukufudumala komoya ojikeleze umhlaba ezisongela imeko-bume.
Eyona Mbambano
Ngokwale ngxubusho ingasentla, kuthi kucace ukuba ukubek’ ityala ukwanda kwabemi kukodwa ngenxa yooyeha abajamelene noluntu namhlanje kukuyicezela eyona ngongoma. Imbambano esijamelene nayo asikokuphelelwa kwethu yindawo yokuhlala yaye ingekuko nokuba umhlaba awunako ukuvelisa ukudla okwaneleyo nokunesondlo kwabo bonke okanye into yokuba bonke ubuncwane bemvelo buya kuqongqothwa kuthi tu nangawuphi na umzuzu ngoku. Ezi ziimpawu nje kuphela. Eyona mbambano kukuba abantu abangakumbi nangakumbi bancwase ukufumana umlinganiselo ophakame ngakumbi nangakumbi wezinto eziphathekayo abanokuzizuza bengacingi nto ngomphumo wezenzo zabo. Lo mnqweno unganeliswayo wokufuna okungakumbi uyonakalisa kanobom imeko-bume yethu kangangokuba amandla omhlaba okwanelisa iintswelo zabemi aya eshokonxeka kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, eyona ngxaki asibobungakanani babantu koko luhlobo lwabo.
Umbhali uAlan Durning ukucacisa oku ngolu hlobo: “Kulo mmandla siphila kuwo nosengozini, isiphelo soluntu sisenokuxhomekeka ekubeni sinokuyihlakulela kusini na ingcamango engakumbi yokuzibamba, esekelwe kumgaqo wokuziphatha owandileyo wokusebenzisa ubungcathu kwizinto esizisebenzisayo nokufumana ubutyebi obungebobezinto eziphathekayo.” Le ngongoma iyavakala, kodwa simele sibuze lo mbuzo, Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu kuyo yonke indawo baya kusuka nje ngokuzithandela bahlakulele ukuzibamba, bazisebenzise ngokulinganiselweyo izinto baze basukele ubutyebi obungebobezinto eziphathekayo? Kungangenkankulu. Xa kuqwalaselwa isimo sokuzifica nesokuthanda iziyolo esixhaphake kangaka namhlanje, phantse kusenokuba kuza kwenzeka okuchasene noko. Namhlanje inkoliso yabantu ibonakala iphila ngale nkqubo: “Masesisidla, sisela, kuba ngomso siya kufa.”—1 Korinte 15:32.
Kwanokuba abantu abaninzi bangavuka emaqandeni baze baqalise ukuguqula indlela abaphila ngayo, sekunjalo asiyi kukwazi ukuzibuyis’ umva izinto nanini na ngoku. Khangela nje amaqela amaninzi alwela ukulondolozwa kwemeko-bume neendlela zokuphila ezizezinye eziye zavela kule minyaka idluleyo. Amanye awo asenokuba aphumelele ukuba ngundaba-mlonyeni kumaphephandaba, kodwa ngaba aphumelele ngokwenene ukuphembelela iindlela zabantu ekuthiwa ngabona baphambili? Unotshe. Yintoni ingxaki? Kukuba iyonke inkqubo—eyezorhwebo, eyempucuko neyezobupolitika—ilungiselelwe ukuba ikhuthaze ingcamango yokuthanda izinto ezintsha nokusebenzisa izinto ezinokulahlwa. Kule meko akunakubakho nguqulelo ngaphandle kokwakhiwa ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo ukusuka phantsi ukusa phezulu. Ibe oko bekungafuna inkqubo enkulu yokufundiswa kwakhona kwabantu.
Ngaba Likho Ikamva Eliqaqambileyo?
Le meko isenokufaniswa naleyo yentsapho ehlala kwindlu enefanitshala nenayo yonk’ into neyakhiwe ngumntu onesisa. Ukuze izive ikhululeke ngokupheleleyo, inikwa imvume yokusebenzisa zonke izinto ezikule ndlu ngendlela efuna ngayo. Bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le ntsapho ibiqalisa ukonakalisa ifanitshala, umgangatho, ikroboze iifestile, ibangele imibhobho yamanzi angcolileyo ivaleke, isebenzise umbane ongaphezu komiselweyo—ngamafuphi nje, isongele ukuyonakalisa ngokupheleleyo indlu? Ngaba umnini-ndlu ubeya kusuka nje abukele aze angenzi nento le? Akunakwenzeka oko. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kuthabath’ inyathelo lokubagxotha abo bantu bangamaxelegu kwindlu yakhe aze ke ayibuyisele kwimeko entle. Akukho bani unokuthi inyathelo elinjalo alifanelekanga.
Ngoko, kuthekani ngentsapho yoluntu? Ngaba asifani nabantu abaqeshileyo abahlala kwindlu enefanitshala entle nenazo zonke izinto ezifunekayo eyakhiwe nguMdali, uYehova uThixo? Ewe, sinjalo, kuba kunjengokuba umdumisi wakubeka ngolu hlobo oku: “LelikaYehova ihlabathi nenzaliseko yalo, elimiweyo, nabahleli kulo.” (INdumiso 24:1; 50:12) UThixo akaphelelanga nje ekusinikeni zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze siphile—ukukhanya, umoya, amanzi nokutya—kodwa kwakhona usinike intabalala yazo neentlobo ngeentlobo ukuze sibunandiphe ubomi. Kanti, njengabantu abaqeshileyo, uluntu luye lwaziphatha njani? Ngelishwa, aluziphathanga ngasimilo. Silidlakazelisa ngokoqobo eli khaya lihle siphila kulo. Umninilo, uYehova uThixo, uza kwenza ntoni ngalo?
UThixo uza ‘kubonakalisa abo bonakalisa umhlaba’! (ISityhilelo 11:18) Kwaye uza kukwenza njani oku? IBhayibhile iyaphendula: “Ngemihla yabo kumkani, uThixo wamazulu uya kumisa ubukumkani obungayi konakala naphakade. Obo bukumkani abuyi kusala nabantu bambi; buya kuzicola buzigqibe zonke ezo zikumkani, bona bume ngonaphakade.”—Daniyeli 2:44.
Yintoni esinokuyilindela kulawulo loBukumkani bukaThixo obuya kuhlala ngonaphakade? Ngamazwi omprofeti uIsaya, sichazelwa amavandlakanya oko kuza kwenzeka:
“Baya kwakha izindlu, bazihlale; batyale izidiliya, badle iziqhamo zazo. Abayi kwakha, kuhlale bambi; abayi kutyala, kudle bambi; kuba iya kuba njengemihla yomthi imihla yabantu bam, badle into esetyenzwe zizandla zabo abanyulwa bam. Abayi kuzixhamla ngokulambathayo, bazalele ukhwankqiso; ngokuba bayimbewu ayisikeleleyo uYehova, nabaphume ezibilinini zabo banabo.”—Isaya 65:21-23.
Elinjani lona ukuqaqamba ikamva elilindele uluntu! Kwelo hlabathi litsha eliya kuziswa nguThixo, uluntu alusokuze luphinde luthwaxwe ziingxaki zezindlu, zokutya, zamanzi, zempilo nokungakhathali. Ekugqibeleni, uluntu olunentobelo, phantsi kokhokelo lukaThixo, luya kuzalisa umhlaba luze luweyise, lungasongelwa kukwanda kwabemi ngokugqithiseleyo.—Genesis 1:28.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 13]
Kutheni Le Nto Ukudla Ngokufuthi Kubiza Imali Eninzi?
Nakubeni iindleko zokwenene zokutya bezisihla, into eqhelekileyo kukunyuka kwamaxabiso okudla. Kutheni? Esinye isizathu esicacileyo kukuthontelana kwabantu ezidolophini. Ukuze kondliwe inginginya yabemi abahlala kwizixeko zehlabathi eziya zikhula ngokukhula, ukudla kufanelwe kuthwalwe kuze kuhanjiswe imigama emide. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States “ukutya nje okutyiwayo kuhamba umgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-2 100 ukusuka emasimini ukuya esityeni,” ngokutsho kophengululo olwenziwa liZiko Lokondela Ihlabathi. Umthengi umele ahlawulele kungekuphela nje ukutya kodwa neendleko angazaziyo zokukulungisa, ukukufaka ezingxoweni nokukuthutha.
[Umzobo okwiphepha 10]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba ubambisa ubushushu belanga. Kodwa ubushushu obuthi bubekho—obubangelwa yimitha evalelekileyo—abunakuphuma ngokulula ngenxa yegesi ezifudumeza umoya ojikeleze umhlaba, kuthi ngaloo ndlela kuwufudumeze ngakumbi umhlaba
Iigesi ezifudumeza umoya ojikeleze umhlaba
Imitha yobushushu ephumayo
Imitha yobushushu evalelekileyo
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 12]
Kufuneka iikhilogram ezintlanu zokutya okuziinkozo ukuze kubekho ikhilogram enye yenyama yenkomo. Ngenxa yoko, ikota yabemi bomhlaba abatya inyama isebenzisa phantse isiqingatha semveliso yokutya okuziinkozo okuveliswayo ehlabathini