Wayekhangeleka Njani UYesu?

INGXELO yembali yehlabathi ngokuphathelele indlela uYesu awayekhangeleka ngayo iphenjelelwa ngamandla ngoothunywashe abahlukahlukeneyo. Aba thunywashe babangela umahluko omkhulu kwindlela aye waboniswa ngayo kumsebenzi wobugcisa.

Abanye oothunywashe yindlela yokuphila yelo lizwe nexesha loo msebenzi wobugcisa owenziwe ngalo. Ukongezelela, iinkolelo zonqulo zamagcisa nezabo bantu abenzelayo kwakuyichaphazela indlela uYesu aboniswe ngayo.

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, amagcisa adumileyo, njengoMichelangelo, uRembrandt noRubens, aye anikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwinkangeleko engokwasemzimbeni kaKristu. Ngokufuthi ehonjiswe ngezinto ezifuziselayo nangendlela yasentsomini, imisebenzi yawo iye yayiphembelela kakhulu ingcamango eqhelekileyo yenkangeleko kaYesu. Kodwa yayisekelwe phi indlela ababembonisa ngayo?

Oko Imbali Yehlabathi Ikuthethayo

Imisebenzi yobugcisa ngaphambi koMlawuli ongumRoma uConstantine, owayephila malunga nowama-280 ukusa kowama-337 C.E., ngokufuthi yayibonisa uYesu ‘njengoMalusi Olungileyo’ oselula oneenwele ezijijeneyo, ezimfutshane okanye ezinde. Kodwa incwadi ethi Art Through the Ages ithi xa ithetha ngoku: “Njengomongo, uMalusi Olungileyo usenokufunyanwa umkhondo wakhe kumsebenzi wobugcisa wamaGrike Amandulo [obuhedeni] ukusa kowamaYiputa, kodwa apha ufuzisela umkhuseli onyanisekileyo womhlambi wamaKristu.”

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le mpembelelo yobuhedeni yayicace ngakumbi. “UYesu,” le ncwadi yaleka umsundulu isithi, “wayegqalwa kuphela njengomnye wezithixo eziqhelekileyo zaseMeditera, ingakumbi uHelios (Apollo), uthixo welanga [ukukhanya kwakhe okusisangqa okwanikwa uYesu kwaza kamva kwanikwa “iingcwele”], okanye kubuRoma basempuma wayegqalwa enguSol Invictus (iLanga Elingoyiswayo).” Kwisakhiwo esilingcwaba nesisisikhumbuzo esafunyanwa phantsi kwecawa iSt. Peter’s eRome, uYesu uboniswe njengoApollo “eqhuba amahashe enqwelo yokulwa yelanga emazulwini.”

Noko ke, le nkangeleko yakhe yobuntwana, ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. UAdolphe Didron, kwincwadi yakhe ethi Christian Iconography, uchaza oko kwenzekayo esithi: “Le nkangeleko kaKristu, yobuntwana yakuqala, iya isiba yeyomntu omkhulu ukususela kwinkulungwane ukusa kwenye . . . njengoko nabo ubuKristu busenza inkqubela.”

Isicatshulwa senkulungwane ye-13 esingathi yincwadi evela kuPublius Lentulus othile eya kwiBhunga likaRhulumente wamaRoma sisichazela ngenkangeleko kaYesu, sisithi “wayeneenwele ezinombala omdaka nezigudileyo ukusa ezindlebeni, kodwa ukusuka ezindlebeni zazijijekile zimnyama yaye zimenyezela ngakumbi, ziwele emagxeni; zivulwe indlela . . . , eneendevu ezifana neenwele zakhe ngombala, zingendanga, kodwa zitsolo esilevini; . . . amehlo engwevu . . . yaye ecacile.” Ekugqibeleni le mbono ingachananga yaphembelela amagcisa amaninzi. INew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “Xesha ngalinye lalizenzela uKristu elimfunayo.”

Njengokuba oku kwakunjalo ngexesha, iintlanga neenkonzo zazimbonisa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Umsebenzi wobugcisa wonqulo kumasimi obuvangeli aseAfrika, kumazwe aseMerika naseAsiya ubonisa uKristu oneenwele ezinde zaseNtshona; kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kongezwa “iimpawu zomthonyama” kwinkangeleko yakhe, itsho intyilalwazi.

KwanamaProtestanti aye anawawo amagcisa, yaye la abonisa inkangeleko kaKristu ngeyawo indlela. UF. M. Godfrey, kwincwadi yakhe ethi Christ and the Apostles—The Changing Forms of Religious Imagery, uthi: “UKristu olusizi kaRembrandt uvela kwingcamango yamaProtestanti, elusizana, enolusu olumbatshileyo, enenkangeleko engqongqo, . . . umfanekiso womphefumlo ongumProtestanti osezingcingeni noxhwalekileyo.” Uthi oku kuboniswa “kukunqina komzimba Wakhe, ukubandezeleka [ukuzibandeza] kwenyama, ‘ukuxhwaleka, ukuba lusizana nokungatyhileki’ apho [uRembrandt] wayefanekisela inkangeleko yakhe ngokwendlela amaKristu acinga ngayo.”

Noko ke, njengoko ngoku siza kubona, akuchananga ukubonakalisa uKristu ebuthathaka, enokukhanya okusisangqa, e-ethe-ethe, edandathekile, eneenwele ezinde, ngokufuthi ovela kumsebenzi wobugcisa weNgqobhoko. Enyanisweni, lo wohluke mpela kunoYesu ekuthethwa ngaye eBhayibhileni.

IBhayibhile Nenkangeleko KaYesu

‘NjengeMvana kaThixo,’ uYesu wayengenasiphako, ngoko alithandabuzeki elokuba wayeyindoda ekhangeleka nje kakuhle. (Yohane 1:29; Hebhere 7:26) Yaye ngokuqinisekileyo wayengasoloko ekhangeleka edandathekile njengoko eboniswa kwimisebenzi yobugcisa edumileyo. Liyinyaniso elokuba, wajamelana neemeko ezininzi ezibuhlungu ebomini bakhe, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwindlela awayekhangeleka ngayo, wayefana twatse noYise, ‘uThixo onoyolo.’—1 Timoti 1:11; Luka 10:21; Hebhere 1:3.

Ngaba zazinde iinwele zikaYesu? YayingabaHlulwa kuphela ababengafanele bachebe iinwele okanye basele iwayini, yaye uYesu wayengengomHlulwa. Ngoko alithandabuzeki elokuba iinwele zakhe wayezicheba kakuhle njengayo nayiphi na indoda yomYuda. (Numeri 6:2-7) Kwakhona wayeyisela ngobungcathu iwayini xa ephakathi kwabanye, yaye oku kubonisa ukuba wayengengomntu ongachwayitanga. (Luka 7:34) Eneneni, wenza ummangaliso ngokwenza iwayini kumsitho womtshato eKana yelaseGalili. (Yohane 2:1-11) Yaye kuyabonakala ukuba wayeneendevu, nto leyo engqinelwa sisiprofeto esingokubandezeleka kwakhe.—Isaya 50:6.

Kuthekani ngebala nangeempawu zobuntu zikaYesu? Kusenokuba wayefana namaYuda. Usenokuba ezi mpawu wayezizuze kunina, uMariya, owayengumYuda. Ookhokho bakhe babengamaYuda, kumnombo wamaHebhere. Ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba uYesu wayenebala neempawu zobuntu eziqhelekileyo kumaYuda.

Kwanaphakathi kwabapostile bakhe, kuyabonakala ukuba uYesu wayengohlukanga kangako ngokwasemzimbeni, kuba uYuda wayemele amngcatshe kwiintshaba zakhe ngokumncamisa ukuze zimazi. Ngaloo ndlela, uYesu wayefana nje nabanye abantu. Yaye wayenjalo, kuba ubuncinane kwisihlandlo esinye, wayehamba engaqondwa ukusuka eGalili ukuya eYerusalem.—Marko 14:44; Yohane 7:10, 11.

Noko ke, abanye bagqiba ngelithi kumele ukuba uYesu wayebuthathaka. Kutheni besitsho nje? Isizathu sokuqala sikukuba, wafuna ukuncediswa ngoxa wayethwele umthi wakhe wentuthumbo. Kwakhona, wafa kuqala phakathi kwamadoda amathathu awayebethelelwe.—Luka 23:26; Yohane 19:17, 32, 33.

UYesu Akakho Buthathaka

Ngokwahlukileyo kwisithethe, iBhayibhile ayimchazi uYesu njengobuthathaka okanye oethe-ethe. Kunoko, ithi kwanaxa wayeselula, “waqhubeka esenza inkqubela ebulumkweni nasekukhuleni ngomzimba nasekukholekeni kuThixo nasebantwini.” (Luka 2:52) Phantse kangangeminyaka engama-30, wayengumchweli. Lowo awubonakali ingumsebenzi womntu onomzimba omncinane okanye ongenamandla, ingakumbi ngelo xesha, xa babengekabikho oomatshini bakutshanje, abenza umsebenzi ube lula. (Marko 6:3) Kwakhona, uYesu waqhuba iinkomo, iigusha waza wagxotha nabantu ababetshintsha imali ukuba baphume etempileni waza wabhukuqa iitafile zabo babetshintsha imali. (Yohane 2:14, 15) Kwakhona nako oku kubonisa ukuba wayeyindoda eyomeleleyo.

Ebudeni beminyaka yakhe emithathu enesiqingatha yobomi bakhe emhlabeni, uYesu wayehamba iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu kuhambo lwakhe lokushumayela. Sekunjalo, abafundi bakhe abazange bakhe bamxelele ukuba ‘aphumle kancinane.’ Kunoko, uYesu wathi kubo, abanye babo ababengabalobi beentlanzi abomeleleyo: “Yizani, nina ngokwenu, nedwa kwindawo engasese nize niphumle kancinane.”—Marko 6:31.

Eneneni, iCyclopædia kaM’Clintock noStrong ithi: “Yonke ingxelo yevangeli imbonisa [uYesu] esempilweni yaye enamandla.” Ngoko kwakutheni ukuze afune uncedo ekuthwaleni umthi wakhe wentuthumbo, yaye kwakutheni ukuze afe ngaphambi kwabanye ababebethelelwe naye?

Esinye sezizathu sasikukubandezeleka kakhulu. Njengoko ixesha lokubulawa kukaYesu lalisemnyango, wathi: “Eneneni, ndinobhaptizo endimele ndibhaptizwe ngalo, kwaye hayi indlela endibandezeleke ngayo lude lugqitywe!” (Luka 12:50) Oku kubandezeleka kwabangela ‘ukungcungcutheka’ kubusuku bakhe bokugqibela: “Esekungcungcuthekeni waqhubeka ethandaza ngokunyameke ngakumbi; kwaza ukubila kwakhe kwaba njengamathontsi egazi esiwa emhlabeni.” (Luka 22:44) UYesu wayesazi ukuba ithemba loluntu lobomi obungunaphakade lalixhomekeke kwingqibelelo yakhe de kuse ekufeni. Onjani wona umthwalo! (Mateyu 20:18, 19, 28) Kwakhona wayesazi ukuba wayeza kubulawa njengesaphuli-mthetho ‘esiqalekisiweyo’ ngabantu bakaThixo. Ngaloo ndlela, wayenexhala lokuba oku kwakusenokubangela ugculelo kuYise.—Galati 3:13; INdumiso 40:6, 7; IZenzo 8:32.

Emva kokungcatshwa kwakhe, waphathwa ngenkohlakalo izihlandlo eziliqela. Kwityala elingekho mthethweni elachotshelwa de kwasemva kwasezinzulwini zobusuku, awona magosa karhulumente aphakamileyo kwelo lizwe amgculela, amtshicela, aza ambetha ngamanqindi. Ukwenza ukuvavanywa kwetyala ebusuku kubonakale kusemthethweni, kwakhona laphinda lachotshelwa eli tyala kwintsasa elandelayo. Apho uYesu wagocagocwa nguPilato; kwalandela uHerode, owathi, kunye namajoni akhe, wenza intlekisa ngaye; kwaza kwalandela uPilato kwakhona. Ekugqibeleni, uPilato wamvumela ukuba atyakatywe. Yaye oku yayingekokubethwa ngesabhokhwe esiqhelekileyo. IThe Journal of the American Medical Association ichaza uqheliselo lwamaRoma lokutyakatya isithi:

“Isixhobo esiqhelekileyo yayisisabhokhwe esifutshane . . . esineentambo eziliqela zofele ezinganye okanye ezalukiweyo ezinobude obahlukahlukeneyo, ekwakusithi kuzo kubotshelelwe iintsimbi ezincinane okanye iingceba ezibukhali zamathambo egusha. . . . Njengoko amasoldati amaRoma ayewubetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo nangezithonga ezivakalayo umqolo wexhoba, iintsimbi ezincinane bezidla ngokuvula imivumbo emikhulu, yaye iintambo zofele namathambo egusha ebedla ngokusisika isikhumba nezicwili ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba. Kwandule ke, njengoko ukutyakatya kuqhubeka, amanxeba akrazule izihlunu ezisondele emathanjeni aze avelise inyama eyophayo eyimicu.”

Licacile elokuba, uYesu wayesele kade ephelelwe ngamandla ngaphambi kokuba athi folokohlo ngenxa yobunzima bomthi aweyewuthwele. Enyanisweni, iThe Journal of the American Medical Association yathi: “Ukuxhatshazwa emzimbeni nasengqondweni ngamaYuda namaRoma, kwanokungafumani kutya, amanzi nobuthongo, nako kwamenza wabuthathaka. Ngoko ke, kwanangaphambi kokubethelelwa kwakhe, imeko yasemzimbeni kaYesu ubuncinane yayimbi yaye kunokwenzeka ukuba yayinkenenkene gqitha.”

Ngaba Ibalulekile Inkangeleko Yakhe?

Ukususela kwinkcazelo kaLentulus ebubuxoki ukusa kwimisebenzi yamagcisa adumileyo anobuchule ukuya kwiiglasi zakutshanje ezizotyiweyo, iNgqobhoko ibonakala iyithanda into enomtsalane. Ubhishophu omkhulu waseTurin, umgcini weSithandelo saseTurin esiyimbambano wathi: “Amandla amakhulu achukumisayo enkangeleko kaYesu Kristu afanelwe alondolozwe.”

Sekunjalo, iLizwi likaThixo lizishiya ngabom iinkcukacha “ezichukumisayo” zenkangeleko kaYesu. Ngoba? Kusenokwenzeka ukuba beziya kuphazamisa oko kuthethwa bubomi obungunaphakade—ulwazi lweBhayibhile. (Yohane 17:3) UYesu—owona mzekelo wethu—‘akakhangeli,’ okanye ayigqale ibalulekile, “imbonakalo yangaphandle yabantu.” (Mateyu 22:16; thelekisa eyabaseGalati 2:6.) Ukubalaselisa inkangeleko kaYesu yasemzimbeni phezu kwako nje ukungachazwa kwayo kwiiVangeli eziphefumlelweyo kukuphikisana nje nentsingiselo yazo. Enyanisweni, uYesu, njengoko siza kubona kwinqaku elilandelayo, akasenayo nenkangeleko enjengeyomntu.a

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 25]

UKristu obuthathaka, oxhwalekileyo oboniswa ngamagcisa kwiNgqobhoko wahlukile kwindlela achazwa ngayo uYesu kwiingxelo zeBhayibhile

[Inkcazelo]

Jesus Preaching at the Sea of Galilee by Gustave Doré