Incwadi YeBhayibhile 65—Yuda

Umbhali: NguYuda

Indawo Eyabhalelwa Kuyo: EPalestina (?)

Ukugqitywa Kokubhalwa Kwayo: Malunga nowama-65 C.E.

1. Kungenxa yaziphi iimeko eziphakathi ebandleni le nto uYuda akufumanisa kuyimfuneko ukuba abhalele abazalwana bakhe incwadi ekhuthazayo?

ABAZALWANA abangamaKristu bakaYuda babesengozini! Ebudeni bexesha eladlulayo ukususela ekufeni nasekuvukeni kukaKristu Yesu, kwakuqalise ukunyebelezela iingcamango ezithile ezintsha ebandleni lamaKristu. Utshaba lwalungenile ngenjongo yokuwisa ukholo, kanye njengokuba umpostile uPawulos wayelumkisile, malunga neminyaka eli-14 ngaphambili. (2 Tes. 2:3) Aba bazalwana babefanele balunyukiswe njani ukuba bayiphaphele le ngozi? Ngamazwi ahlab’ emxholweni, akhuthazayo nachukumisayo, incwadi kaYuda inikela impendulo. UYuda wasibonisa ngokucacileyo isimo sakhe sengqondo kwindinyana 3 neye-4 ngokuthi: ‘Kwafuneka ukuba ndinibhalele kuba kuthwethwe bantu bathile; abangahloneli Thixo, belujikela eburheletyweni ubabalo lukaThixo wethu.’ Kwanezona ziseko zemfundiso esisiseko ephilileyo nezokuziphatha okuhle zazisongelwa. UYuda wakugqala kufanelekile ukuba alwele izilangazelelo zabazalwana bakhe, ukuze bona balulwele ngamandla ukholo.

2. (a) Wayengubani uYuda? (b) Luluphi olona lwalamano waluxabisayo uYuda awayenalo noYesu?

² Kodwa wayengubani uYuda? Amazwi entshayelelo asixelela ukuba le ncwadi yabhalwa ‘nguYuda, umkhonzi kaYesu Kristu, umzalwana ke kaYakobi, ebhalela ababiziweyo.’ Ngaba uYuda wayengumpostile, ekubeni ababini kubapostile bakaYesu bokuqala abali-12 babebizwa ngokuba ngooYuda? (Luka 6:16) UYuda akabhekiseli kuye njengompostile, kodwa endaweni yoko uthetha ngabapostile kuhlobo lomntu wesithathu ngokusebenzisa isivumelanisi sentloko esingu-“ba,” ngokucacileyo engaziquki yena. (Yuda 17, 18) Ngaphezu koko, uzibiza ngokuba ‘ungumzalwana kaYakobi,’ ngokucacileyo esingisele kumbhali wencwadi kaYakobi, owayengumntakwabo Yesu ngonina. (Indi. 1) Njengomnye ‘weentsika’ zebandla laseYerusalem, lo Yakobi wayesaziwa kakhulu, yaye ngenxa yoko uYuda wazichaza ngaye. Oku kubonisa ukuba noYuda ungumntakwabo Yesu ngonina, ibe ukuluhlu lwabo. (Gal. 1:19; 2:9; Mat. 13:55; Marko 6:3) Noko ke, uYuda akazange aluthabathele phezulu olu lwalamano lokwenyama awayenalo noYesu, kodwa ngokuzithoba wagxininisa kulwalamano lokomoya ababenalo ‘njengomkhonzi kaYesu Kristu.’—1 Kor. 7:22; 2 Kor. 5:16; Mat. 20:27.

3. Yintoni engqina ubunyaniso bencwadi kaYuda?

³ Ubunyaniso bale ncwadi yeBhayibhile buyaxhaswa ngokukhankanywa kwayo kwisiQwenga esafunyanwa nguMuratori, senkulungwane yesibini yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, uClement wakwa-Alesandire (wenkulungwane yesibini yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo) wayamkela njengenxalenye yemibhalo engcwele. UOrigen wabhekisela kuyo njengencwadi “enezivakalisi ezimbalwa, ukanti ezaliswe ngamazwi aphilileyo ofefe lwasezulwini.”a KwanoTertullian wayigqala njengeyinyaniso. Alithandabuzeki elokuba ibalelwa phakathi kwezinye iZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo.

4. Luhlobo luni lwencwadi elulo incwadi kaYuda, kunokwenzeka ukuba yabhalelwa phi, ibe kuthelekelelwa ukuba yabhalwa nini?

⁴ UYuda ubhalela “ababiziweyo,” engachazi bandla lithile okanye mntu uthile, ngoko incwadi yakhe wayeyibhalela uwonke wonke ibe yayiza kujikeleziswa ngokubanzi kuwo onke amaKristu. Nangona kungakhankanywanga, phantse kuqinisekwe ukuba indawo eyabhalelwa kuyo kusePalestina. Kwakhona kunzima ukuqiniseka ngowona nyaka eyabhalwa ngawo. Noko ke, kumele ukuba yayisele ilithuba elide emva kokusekwa kwebandla lamaKristu, kuba uYuda utsalel’ ingqalelo ‘kumazwi abethethwe ngenxa engaphambili ngabo abapostile beNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu’ yaye kubonakala ukuba ucaphula eyesi-2 kaPetros 3:3. (Yuda 17, 18) Ngaphezu koko, incwadi kaYuda ifana nqwa nesahluko sesibini seyesiBini kaPetros. Oku kubonisa ukuba wayibhala phantse ngexesha elinye noPetros, bobabini beyixhalabele ngokunzulu ingozi awayekuyo amabandla ngelo xesha. Ngenxa yoko, kuthelekelelwa ukuba yabhalwa malunga nonyaka wama-65 C.E. Lo nyaka ukwaxhaswa sisibakala sokuba uYuda engakukhankanyi ukungenelela kukaCestius Gallus ukuza kuphelisa imvukelo yamaYuda ngowama-66 C.E., engakukhankanyi nokuwa kweYerusalem ngowama-70 C.E. Kwincwadi yakhe uYuda ubhekisela kwimigwebo kaThixo ethile eyeziselwa aboni, ibe sisengqiqweni isibakala sokuba ukuba iYerusalem yayisele iwile, ngewayigxininisa ingongoma awayexubusha ngayo ngokukhankanya ukuphunyezwa kwalo mgwebo, ingakumbi ekubeni uYesu wayesixele kwangaphambili esi siganeko.—Yuda 5-7; Luka 19:41-44.

OKUQULETHWE YEKAYUDA

5. (a) Kutheni uYuda ekufumanisa kuyimfuneko ukubhalela ababiziweyo ukuba ‘baluzamele ukholo’? (b) Yiyiphi imizekelo esisilumkiso ayicaphulayo uYuda?

⁵ Izilumkiso nxamnye nohenyuzo nokungakhathaleli ubukhosi (indi. 1-16). Emva kokudlulisela imibuliso yothando ‘kwababiziweyo,’ uYuda uthi wayenenjongo yokubhala “ngalo usindiso esidlelana ngalo,” kodwa ngoku uye wakufumanisa kuyimfuneko ukubabhalela ukuba ‘baluzamele ukholo.’ Kutheni kwakunjalo nje? Kungenxa yokuba abantu abangahloneli Thixo babethwethwele ngaphakathi, bejikela ubabalo lukaThixo ekuthetheleleni ihambo evakalala. UYuda uthi, aba bantu ‘babemkhanyela okuphela koMnini-nto-zonke, neNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu.’ (Indi. 1, 3, 4) Ubakhumbuza ukuba nangona uYehova wabasindisayo abantu eYiputa, Wathi kamva ‘wabatshabalalisa abo bangabonakalisanga lukholo.’ Ukongezelela, uYehova uye wazigcinela “umgwebo womhla omkhulu” ezo zithunywa zezulu zashiya indawo yazo efanelekileyo yokuhlala. Ngokukwanjalo, ukohlwaywa ngonaphakade kweSodom neGomora nezixeko ezikufutshane nayo kungumzekelo osisilumkiso ngokuphathelele isiphelo sabo ‘benza umbulo kakhulu baze bakhanukane ngokunxamnye nemvelo.’—Indi. 5-7.

6. Bazifica enini abantu abangahloneli Thixo, ibe uYuda ukuzekelisa njani ukuphosakala nomphumo wehambo yabo?

⁶ Ngoku, ngendlela efanayo, abantu abangahloneli Thixo “badyobha inyama, batshitshise ubukhosi, banyelise izikhakhamela.” Ewe, kwanoMikayeli isiphatha-zithunywa zezulu akazange amnyelise uMtyholi xa wayebambene naye ngomzimba kaMoses, wasuka nje wathi: “INkosi mayikukhalimele.” Kanti aba bantu basebenzisa amazwi okunyelisa baze baqhubeke bezonakalisa njengezilwanyana ezingenangqiqo. Bahambe ngendlela kaKayin, kaBhileham nekaKora, bantu abo ababenemvukelo. Bafana namatye afihlakeleyo phantsi kwamanzi, banjengamafu angenamanzi, njengemithi engavelisi ziqhamo efe kabini yaza yanyothulwa, banjengamaza alwayo alephuza amahlazo awo, yaye banjengeenkwenkwezi eziphalaphalayo. Aba “bagcinelwe isithokothoko sobumnyama ngonaphakade.” (Indi. 8, 9, 13) UEnoki waprofeta ngokuba uYehova wayeya kuzisa umgwebo kwaba bangahloneli Thixo. Bangabakrokri nabakhalazi, yaye ngendlela yokuzingca bancoma abanye.

7. (a) Abapostile balumkisa njani ngokuphathelele abagxeki? (b) Ngenxa yethemba lobomi obungunaphakade, yintoni abamele bayenze ‘abaziintanda’ kubo nakwabanye?

⁷ Isiluleko ngokuhlala eluthandweni lukaThixo (indi. 17-25). UYuda ukhumbuza abazalwana ngendlela abapostile beNkosi uYesu Kristu ababedla ngokulumkisa ngayo ukuba “kuya kubakho abagxeki ngexesha lokugqibela, behamba ngokwezabo iinkanuko zokungahloneli Thixo.” Aba baqhwayi benkathazo ‘bangabantu bemvelo, abanabumoya.’ Ngoko ke, ‘abaziintanda’ bafanele bazakhe elukholweni baze bahlale eluthandweni lukaThixo, ngoxa belindele inceba kaKristu “kuse ebomini obungunaphakade.” Ke bona, mabadlulisele inceba noncedo kwabo bangaqinanga. UYuda uqukumbela ngokusa uzuko ngeNkosi uYesu Kristu ‘kuThixo uMsindisi wethu,’ Lowo unokubalondoloza bangabi nakukhubeka.—Indi. 18-21, 25.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE YINGENELO

8. UYuda wazisebenzisa njani iZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo ‘nencwadi yendalo’ ekululekeni abazalwana bakhe?

⁸ UYuda ngokwakhe wazifumanisa iZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo ziyingenelo ekulumkiseni, ekubongozeni, ekukhuthazeni, ekufundiseni nasekululekeni ‘abaziintanda.’ Ekubhenceni isono esinzulu soogqadambekweni abangahloneli Thixo, wasebenzisa imizekelo enentsingiselo ekwiZibhalo zesiHebhere, njengalowo wamaSirayeli awayebuyele kwiindlela zawo zangaphambili, owezithunywa zezulu ezonayo nowabemi baseSodom neGomora, ebonisa ukuba bonke abaqhelisela izinto ezimbi ezinjalo baya kufumana isohlwayo esifanayo. Wafanisa abantu abonakeleyo nezilwanyana ezingenangqiqo, ibe wathi babehamba ngendlela kaKayin, bekhukuliswa sisono sikaBhileham, yaye betshabalala njengoKora ngenxa yentetho yabo yemvukelo. Wakwacaphula imizekelo ecacileyo ‘ekwincwadi yendalo.’ Kwayona incwadi kaYuda engagwegweleziyo yaba yinxalenye yaso “sonke iSibhalo,” ukuze ifundisiswe kunye nazo zonke iZibhalo, iluleka ngehambo efanelekileyo “ngexesha lokugqibela.”—Yuda 17, 18, 5-7, 11-13; Num. 14:35-37; Gen. 6:4; 18:20, 21; 19:4, 5, 24, 25; 4:4, 5, 8; Num. 22:2-7, 21; 31:8; 16:1-7, 31-35.

9. Kutheni isilumkiso sikaYuda sisafaneleka nangoku, ibe amaKristu amele aqhubeke ezakhela kuziphi iinkalo?

⁹ Inkcaso nezilingo ezazivela ngaphandle azizange zikwazi ukuthintela ukwanda kobuKristu, kodwa ngoku abazalwana babesengozini yokonakala okwakuphakathi kwabo. Amatye awayefihlakele ngaphantsi ayesongela ukuhlekeza ibandla liphela. Eqonda ukuba le ngozi yayinokude ibe yetshabalalisayo, uYuda wayigxininisa ngakumbi ingongoma ‘yokuluzamela ukholo.’ Incwadi yakhe ifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo namhlanje njengoko yayinjalo emva apho. Isilumkiso esifanayo sisafuneka. Ukholo lusamele lulondolozwe luze lulwelwe, kubhangiswe ukuziphatha okubi, abathandabuzayo bancedwe ngenceba baze ‘baphangwe emlilweni,’ ukuba oko kunokwenzeka. Ukwenzela ukugcina ingqibelelo ngokokuziphatha, ukukhuthala ngokomoya nonqulo lokwenyaniso, amaKristu namhlanje amele aqhubeke ezakha kolona kholo lungcwele. Amele ahlale egcina imigaqo efanelekileyo aze asondele kuThixo ngomthandazo. Kwakhona kufuneka abe nembono efanelekileyo ‘ngobukhosi,’ elihlonela igunya elimiselwe nguThixo kwibandla lamaKristu.—Yuda 3, 23, 8.

10. (a) Ibandla limele libaphathe njani abantu abangabemvelo, ibe oku kuya kuba nawuphi umphumo? (b) Nguwuphi umvuzo olindele abo baziindlalifa zoBukumkani, ibe yintoni abamthelela kuyo uYuda?

¹⁰ ‘Abangabemvelo, umoya bengenaye,’ abasayi kuze bangene eBukumkanini bukaThixo ibe baya kuthi nje kuphela bachanabe abanye abasendleleni esa kubomi obungunaphakade. (Yuda 19; Gal. 5:19-21) Ibandla limele lilunyukiswe ngabo, ibe limele libagxothe kulo! Ngaloo ndlela, “inceba noxolo nothando” ziya kwandiswa kwabaziintanda, ibe baya kuhlala eluthandweni lukaThixo, ‘ngoxa belinde inceba yeNkosi yabo uYesu Kristu, benethemba lobomi obungunaphakade.’ UThixo uMsindisi uya kumisa iindlalifa zoBukumkani ‘phambi kobuqaqawuli bakhe zingenabala, zigcoba.’ Ngokuqinisekileyo ezi ndlalifa zithelela uYuda ekuseni “uzuko, nobukhulu, amandla negunya” kuYe ngoYesu Kristu.—Yuda 2, 21, 24, 25.

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