Kodi Nchiyani Chikuchitika ku Makhalidwe?

M’kulankhula kwa Patsiku Lovomerezana Kuleka Nkhondo mu 1948, Kazembe Omar N. Bradley ananena kuti: “Tiri ndi amuna ambiri kwenikweni a sayansi, amuna ochepera kwenikweni a Mulungu. Tamvetsetsa chinsinsi cha atom ndi kukana Ulaliki wa pa Phiri. . . . Lathu liri dziko la zimphona za nyukiliya ndi makanda a makhalidwe. Timadziŵa zambiri ponena za nkhondo kuposa ndi mmene timadziŵira ponena za mtendere, zambiri ponena za kupha kuposa ndi mmene timadziŵa za kukhala ndi moyo.” “Mtundu wa munthu,” iye ananena kuti, “uli m’ngozi ya kutcheredwa msampha m’dziko lino ndi kukula kwa makhalidwe ocheperawo.”

PA NTHAŴI ina panali makhalidwe a mwambo ozikidwa pa magwero a Baibulo. Koma sizirinso tero. Tsopano iwo akankhiridwa pambali kukhala achikale. Njira zamoyo zatsopano ziri zotchuka. “Chowonadi” chiri chochepera. Palibenso chabwino ndi cholakwika. Palibe chifuno chokhalira wosankha. Aliyense ali ndi mpambo wake wa makhalidwe, kugamulapo chimene chiri cholondola kaamba ka iye, kuchita chinthu chake chake. Palibe dama lachigololo lolakwa. Palibe chigololo cholakwa. Palibe chisudzulo cholakwa. Palibe kunyalanyaza mwana kolakwa. Ndipo palibe kupatsidwa mlandu kaamba ka zotulukapo zirizonse—kutenga mimba kwa achichepere komakulakula, mamiliyoni a kuchotsa mimba, miyoyo yowonongedwa ya ana. Ndipo popeza kuti palibe cholakwa ndipo palibe kuimba mlandu, palibenso kudzimva waliwongo. M’njira zimenezi dziko limataya makhalidwe owona m’chitini cha zinyalala.

Anthu aŵiri oyambirira anagamulapo kudzisankhira iwo eni chomwe chinali chabwino ndi chomwe chinali cholakwika. (Genesis 2:17; 3:5) Lerolino, mamiliyoni agamulapo kuti palibe chabwino ndipo palibe cholakwika. Osonkhezeredwa ndi chikhumbo cha kuchita chowakondweretsa, iwo amakankhira pambali makhalidwe a mwambo ndi kufuula kuti: “Tamasuka tsopano! Chirichonse chimapita!” Chomwe chimapita chiri zoletsa—kenaka masoka amaloŵapo!

Mutu wa nkhani m’magazini yotchuka unafunsa kuti: “Mtundu wa Abodza?” kutsatirapo ndi chidziŵitso ichi: “Nduna za boma zimanyenga. Asayansi amanamiza kufufuza. Ogwira ntchito amasintha makalata osonyeza ziyeneretso za ntchito kuti apeze ntchito. Kodi nchiyani chikuchitika? Yankho, limene chiŵerengero chomawonjezereka cha osuliza a mayanjano amawopa, liri kugwa kowopsya m’kuwona mtima kofunika.”

Magazini ina yaikulu iri ndi mpambo wa nkhani pa mikhalidwe, yodzala ndi nkhani zachidule zonga ngati: Kuchita za malonda zodzala ndi machenjera, kuswedwa kwa chikhulupiriro cha anthu, zolakwa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha zophophonya za anthu. Zophophonya zovomerezedwa, koma osati zophophonya zoipa, ndipo osati zoipitsitsa kotero kuti zikufika ku mlingo wa chimo.

Mpambo wa nkhani umenewo umamaliza kuti: “Ngati anthu a ku America akukhumba kupeza kulinganizika kwa makhalidwe abwino kwenikweni, iwo angafunikire kusanthulanso makhalidwe amene chitaganya chimaika mwachinyengo pamaso pawo: ntchito zapamwamba, mphamvu ya ndale zadziko, kukopa m’zakugonana, nyumba yokhala ndi khonde ndi bwalo lokongola kapena nyumba zomangidwa m’mbali mwa nyanja, kutchuka pa msika wa zinthu. Chitokoso chenicheni kenaka chikakhala chodziŵitsa zikhumbo zatsopano kotero kuti zitumikire chitaganya limodzinso ndi mwini wake, kudziŵa kulongosola mkhalidwe umodzi umene umatsogolera zofuna pamenenso ukufikira zonulirapo zoyenerera.”

Mutu wa nkhani wotsatirawu unawonekera mu The New York Times: “Nduna Zazikulu Kuzungulira Boma Zinalandira Ziphuphu 105 za 106 Zoperekedwa, Ikutero F.B.I.” Kodi chiphuphu chokwanitsa 106 chinaperekedwa kwa munthu wowona mtima? Ayi, “iye sanaganize kuti unyinjiwo unali wokwanira.”

Matthew Troy, yemwe kale anali wantchito wa dipatimenti ya boma yosamalira mzinda ndi mtsogoleri wa demokratiki wa ku Queens, New York City, polankhula pa nkhani yakuti “Kulandira Ziphuphu ndi Umphumphu mu Boma” anawuza kalasi ya pa yunivesiti kuti ziphuphu ziri zofala. Masankho a State Assembly amasinthanitsidwa ndi ziweruzo. “Mtengo wa nthaŵi zonse kaamba ka kuweruza pa Khoti Lalikulu la Boma unali $75,000, wokhala ndi malo a makoti aang’ono akumafika pa $35,000.”

Mlembi wa manovelo James A. Michener akuwunikira machenjera oterowo kukhala: kulemekeza ofunafuna ndalama omwe amakundika mazana a mamiliyoni a ndalama za anthu ena, machenjera obera makampani, kuwukira kwa akatswiri a nyimbo oyimba nyimbo zochirikiza kuwukira, mabungwe a chipembedzo a machitachita oipa omadzandira uku ndi uko kaamba ka ndalama, AIDS yowopsyeza unyinji wa anthu, zigawenga zosakaza chitaganya, a ndale zadziko owononga malo osungiramo zinyama ndi kulola masoka pamalo ozungulira, bungwe lalikulu lomwe limagulitsa zida zankhondo kwa mdani wodziŵika ndipo kenaka mopanda lamulo kuloŵetsa mapinduwo m’kusintha kwa Central America.

Kumaliza konse kwa Michener nkwakuti: “Zaka za ma 1980 zidzakumbukiridwa kukhala Nyengo ya Zaka Khumi Yoipitsitsa, chifukwa chakuti zinthu zambiri zonyansa chotero zawoneka.” Ndipo zonsezi chifukwa cha chochitika chimodzi chopepuka: Makhalidwe owona atayiridwa mu chitini cha zinyalala.

William J. Bennett, yemwe nthaŵiyo anali Mlembi wa U.S. wa Zamaphunziro, anasuliza kulephera kwa kuphunzitsa makhalidwe abwino mu sukulu ndi kundandalitsa mavuto a msinkhu wa zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19 omwe amatulukapo chifukwa cha chosowa chimenechi:

“Vuto: Peresenti ya makumi anayi ya amsinkhu wa zaka 14 a lerolino adzakhala ndi pakati mosachepera pa kamodzi asanafike msinkhu wa zaka makumi aŵiri, ndipo koposa theka la kubala kumeneko kudzakhala kopanda lamulo.

“Vuto: Kudzipha kwa a zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19 kuli pa cholembera chapamwamba, ndipo kuli chochititsa chachiŵiri chapamwamba cha imfa za a msinkhu wa zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19.

“Vuto: United States imapambana m’dziko lamaindasitale mu peresenti ya achichepere ogwiritsira ntchito anam’goneka.

“Kodi sukulu zathu ‘zingathetse’ mavuto amenewa? Ayi. Kodi iwo angathandize? Inde. Kodi iwo akuchita ukulu womwe angakhoze kuthandiza? Ayi.

“Nchifukwa ninji ayi? Ku mbali ina, chifukwa chakuti iwo ali ozengereza kulankhula imodzi ya zonulirapo zazikulu za maphunziro: maphunziro a mkhalidwe. Tengani, mwachitsanzo, nkhani ya posachedwapa yogwira mawu ophunzitsa angapo a dera la New York akumalengeza kuti ‘iwo amapewa mwadala kuwuza ophunzira chimene chiri cholondola ndi cholakwika m’makhalidwe.’

“Nkhaniyo imasimba za chochitika chenicheni cha kupereka uphungu choloŵetsamo ophunzira khumi ndi asanu a makalasi apamwamba ndi apansi m’sukulu yapamwamba. Mkati mwa chochitikacho ophunzirawo anamaliza kuti wophunzira mnzawo anali wopusa mwa kubweza $1,000 imene iye anaipeza m’chikwama pa sukulu.” Wopereka uphunguyo sanapereke chiweruzo pa kumaliza kwawoko, akumalongosola kuti: “Ngati ine ndifika pa nsonga yomwe iri yabwino ndi yomwe iri yolakwika, ndiko kuti sindiri m’phungu wawo.”

Ndemanga ya Bennett: “Zidangotero, m’phungu anapereka uphungu. Iye anapatsa uphungu ophunzira ponena za zinthu zambiri—ndipo pakati pa izo, ponena za chomwe chiri chabwino ndi cholakwika.”

Kulephera kwa pa Nyumba, Sukulu, Matchalitchi

Nyumba mofulumira ikukhala malo opanda ntchito ponena za kuphunzitsa makhalidwe. Kunyonyotsoka kwa mabanja kumapangitsa nyumba kukhala chipinda cha sukulu choipa—kugwira ntchito kwa makolo aŵiri onse, zisudzulo, mabanja a kholo limodzi ndi khololo likugwira ntchito, ana osiyidwira mlezi kapena ku manasale kapena okha m’nyumba zopanda anthu zokhala ndi TV monga bwenzi ikupititsa patsogolo kugonana monga chosangulutsa ndi kuphunzitsa chiwawa monga chothetsera mavuto. Wolemba m’danga la nyuzipepala Norman Podhoretz akuchitira ndemanga pa zotulukapo kuti: “Ziyambukiro zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kukwera mu mkhalidwe wa upandu; kukwera kwa kugwiritsira ntchito anam’goneka ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa; kukwera kwa kutenga mimba kwa a msinkhu wa zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19, kuchotsa mimba ndi nthenda zopatsirana mwa kugonana, ndi kukwera kwa imfa za achichepere zochokera ku zochititsa zachiwawa (kuphana, ngozi za magalimoto, kudzipha). Chinthu chokha chomwe chikuwoneka kukhala chikutsika chiri chipambano m’zamaphunziro.”

Podhoretz akupitiriza kuti: “Akatswiri a za mayanjano aŵiri akupeza chiŵerengero chenicheni cha umboni kaamba ka zimene tonsefe timadziŵa kokha mwa kuyang’ana motizungulira. Iwo akupeza anthu owonjezerekawonjezereka amene ‘kudzikhutiritsa kwaumwini’ kumakhala koyambirira pamwamba pa makhalidwe ena onse. Iwo akupeza anthu ochepekerachepekera omwe amakhulupirira m’kudzipereka nsembe iwo eni, kapena ngakhale ubwino wa iwo eni, ku zosoŵa ndi zofuna za ana awo. Mbali yodabwitsa imodzi mwa zitatu ya makolo onse a ku America amadzimva kuti ‘makolo ayenera kukhala omasuka kukhala moyo wa iwo eni ngakhale ngati chingatanthauze kuthera nthaŵi yochepera ndi ana awo.’”

John D. Garwood, pamene anali mkulu wa bungwe lolangiza pa Fort Hays State University, Kansas, anachitira ndemanga pa kutayikiridwa kwa makhalidwe owona kuti: “Kulephera kwa nyumba zathu, sukulu ndi matchalitchi kupereka dongosolo lolimba la makhalidwe, losatha kaamba ka awo omwe amasonkhezera, kwabweretsa ambiri a mavuto athu lerolino. Katswiri wa mbiri yakale wodziŵika wa ku Britain Arnold Toynbee akuwona m’Dziko la Kumadzulo lerolino kugwa kwa kuwona mtima, kusoŵeka kwa chifuno cha mtundu ndi kugogomezera kowopsya pa kufuna zinthu zakuthupi, kugwa m’kunyadira ntchito, kudzipereka ku mlingo wofuna zinthu zapamwamba kokhala ndi chigogomezero pa kudzisangalatsa kwaumwini. Iye akuwona m’njira yamoyo ya mtundu wathu unyinji wa zinthu zimene zinatsogolera ku kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Roma.”

Kutaya kwa makhalidwe owona kwasiya dzikoli m’kulondola zinthu kosalingalira kowonjezereka kwa zochulukira za chirichonse. Pokhala wolemera m’zinthu koma wosauka mumzimu, munthu wasiidwa akudzandira mosoŵa kopita. Chipulumutso chake chiri kokha kubwerera ku magwero a makhalidwe owona.