Kodi Mphamvu ya Munthu Ingaletse Iwo?

POPEZA kuti amalonda a zida zankhondo amalanda unyinji wokulira wa katundu ndi mautumiki ofunika koposa kuchoka kwa osauka, nchifukwa ninji anthu saletsa iwo? Yankho lopepuka liri lakuti: Malonda a zida zankhondo amalamulira ndalama ndi mphamvu. Nsonga zotsatirazi zonena za ukulu, zikondwerero, ndi njira za malonda aakulu amenewa zidzakuthandizani kupeza chifukwa chimene mphamvu ya munthu singaletse iwo.

Anthu ambiri amadalira pa malonda a zida zankhondo. Chiyambire kuchiyambi kwa zana lino, malonda a zida zankhondo akhala indastri ya mitundu yonse ya dziko. Iyo imalemba ntchito anthu 50 miliyoni pa dziko lonse, mwachindunji kapena mosakhala mwachindunji. M’kuwonjezerapo, kota imodzi, kapena 500,000 ena, a asayansi a dziko aloŵetsedwa m’kufufuza kwa zankhondo.

Zikondwerero zazikulu za zachuma zikuloŵetsedwamo. Mitundu ya dziko yawononga madola 15.2 triliyoni ($15,200,000,000,000 mu madola a U.S. mu 1984) pa mpikisano wa zida zankhondo chiyambire 1960. Ndipo kufunidwa kwa zida zankhondo kukupitirizabe. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1987 zowonongedwa za zankhondo zinafikira kukwezeka kwatsopano pa madola 1.8 miliyoni pa mphindi! Nkhondo zowopsya makumi aŵiri mphambu ziŵiri, zokhala ndi chifupifupi ovulala 2.2 miliyoni, zinamenyedwa mu 1987—nkhondo zochulukirako kuposa m’chaka china chirichonse mu mbiri yakale yolembedwa!a Nkhondo ya pakati pa Iran ndi Iraq, yaikidwa kukhala yokhetsa mwazi koposa ndi nkhondo yosakaza chuma kwenikweni ya kumaloko mu mbiri yakale yolembedwa, kwa zaka zambiri yatenga zida zankhondo kuchokera ku dziko lonse.

Pamene kuli kwakuti pali kulankhula kochulukira ponena za mtendere, zowonongedwa za dziko lonse za zankhondo zinafikira chifupifupi madola triliyoni imodzi. M’chenicheni, dziko limawononga chifupifupi nthaŵi zochulukira zikwi zitatu zowonjezereka pa magulu ankhondo kuposa pa zoyesayesa za kusunga mtendere!

Mitundu yambiri imaima kumbuyo kwa kaunta ya malonda a zida zankhondo. Mphamvu za ulamuliro wadziko ziŵiri ziri ogulitsa a dziko otsogolera a zida zankhondo. France, Britain, West Germany, ndi Italy ali ogulitsa a zida zankhondo opambana a Kumadzulo kwa Europe. Greece, Spain, ndi Austria agwirizana nawo posachedwapa.

Ngakhale mitundu yauchete imagulitsa zida zankhondo ndi luso la zopangapanga za zankhondo. Sweden, yotukulidwa kukhala woyambitsa Mphoto ya Nobel ya Mtendere, iri ndi aŵiri a makampani opambana kwenikweni m’dziko m’zida zankhondo, opanga ndege zankhondo zotchedwa jet, magwero opangirako mamisayelo, ndi zophulitsira kaamba ka kugulitsa kunja kwa dziko. Switzerland, yomamatira ku Red Cross ndi zoyesayesa zaumunthu, iri yophatikizidwanso m’malonda a zida zankhondo a mitundu yonse. Kuwonjezera ku kupikisana kowawa kumeneku, chiŵerengero chomawonjezereka cha Maiko Otukuka Kumene chikukhalanso opanga zida zankhondo.

Kupikisana Kwamachenjera

Amalonda onse amafuna kukhutiritsa anthu kupyolera m’kusatsa malonda mwakunena kuti zopanga zawo (kaya zikhale magalimoto, zometera ndevu, kapena masake) ziri zabwino koposa. Mofananamo, m’magazini a zamalonda ochulukira, a zithunzi za mitundumitundu, amalonda a zida zankhondo amasatsa malonda a zotulutsidwa zawo zakupha kukhala zitatsimikizira kupha kwake.

Ndimotani mmene mukachitira ngati munaŵerenga kusatsa kwina mu nyuzipepala ya m’mawa kukunena kuti: “Kodi mukufunafuna misayelo yakupha? RBS 70 iri yodzala ndi chida chokhutiritsa mopambanitsa”? Kapena kwinakwake, kokuwunikirani chida chopepuka cholimbana ndi akasinja, kukunena kuti: “Kukantha—ndi kupha kotsimikizirika! . . . Palibe chimene chingakuimitse iko”?

Kusatsa koteroko kungakwiyitse anthu ngati kunafalitsidwa mu mapepala wamba. Koma magazini a zamalonda a zida zankhondo adzala ndi iko. Ngakhale kuli tero, kulibe kulikonse komwe kwatchulidwa, kuti mdani amapatsidwa zida zofananazo, zakupha kofanana, za kulongosoka kofanana, za kukonzekeretsedwa kwa zopangapanga kofanana. Kulibe kulikonse komwe chalingaliridwa mmene zida zankhondo zimenezi zidzagwiritsiridwa ntchito, mmene anthu wamba—“ogula” otsirizira—adzayambukiridwa ndi zida zankhondo zowopsya zimenezi.

Malonda Obisika

Pamene kuli kwakuti malonda ochulukira a zida zankhondo amapangidwa pakati pa maboma, malondawo ali obisika. Ripoti lachinsinsi likunena kuti: “Choloŵanecholoŵane wochulukira wa malonda amagwira ntchito mwachinsinsi limodzinso ndi kupyolera m’njira zovomerezedwa. Maboma amalondola zikondwerero zawozawo, kaŵirikaŵiri mwachinsinsi.”

Ngakhale kuti maiko osiyanasiyana opanga zida ali ndi malamulo osamalitsa olamulira kugulitsa kunja zinthu zankhondo ku maiko omwe akumenyana, zida zawo zankhondo zimapitiriza kupeza njira yawo yonkira ku mabwalo ankhondo. Ripoti lochokera ku Stockholm International Peace Research Institute likulongosola chifukwa chake: “Palibe chotchinga pakati pa malonda ololedwa a zida zankhondo, ‘zopanda liwongo’ ndi malonda a zida ‘zodzichinjirizira’ ndi ‘zoipa.’ Palibe dziko logulitsa zida zankhondo lomwe likuwoneka kukhala lokhoza kulamulira mokwanira mmene, molimbana ndi yani, kapena ndi uti yemwe zidazi zidzagwiritsiridwako ntchito.” Ripoti la Newsweek pa malonda a zida zankhondo likuneneratu kuti: “Kuletsa pa malonda a zida zankhondo kudzalephera mwachidziŵikire popeza kuti maiko ambiri akuloŵa m’kupikisana kaamba ka malonda a zida.”

M’munsi mwa malonda a zida zankhondo a mitundu yonse amenewa pakati pa maboma, khamu la ogulitsa achinsinsi limagwira ntchito kuzungulira dziko lonse. Iwo amasungirira kufikirana mkati mwa ndale zadziko zakuya ndi zankhondo. Pakati pa amenewa ali ogulitsa olembedwa ntchito ndi maindastri aakulu a zida zankhondo, nthumwi zogulitsa (amkhala pakati) omwe samagwira nkomwe zida zankhondo, otulutsa zinthu mopanda lamulo omwe amagulitsa anam’goneka kaamba ka zida zankhondo, ndi amachenjera ochepera.

M’kuthamangira kwawo ndalama, makampani ena a zida zankhondo amawonekera kuima popanda chirichonse. Ndandanda yotsatirayi ikusonyeza zina za zinyengo zimene apatsidwa nazo mlandu, molingana ndi Anthony Sampson, wofufuza wa malonda a zida zankhondo:

1. Kupanga nkhondo kumawopsyeza ndi kukakamiza maiko awo enieni kutenga malamulo onga a nkhondo ndi kuwonjezera zida zankhondo.

2. Kuchita chiphuphu kwa nduna zaboma pa mlingo wokulira.

3. Kufalitsa maripoti abodza pa maprogramu ankhondo m’maiko osiyanasiyana kuti asonkhezere zowonongedwa za zida zankhondo.

4. Kusonkhezera lingaliro launyinji kupyolera m’kulamulira kuwulutsa kwa nyumba ya wailesi.

5. Kupangitsa udani ku dziko lina molimbana ndi linzake.

6. Kulinganiza kudalirana kwa mitundu yonse ndi cholinga cha kuwonjezera mitengo ya zida zankhondo.

Komabe, malonda a zida zankhondo akuchulukira kuposa ndi kalelonse. Ndipo palibe aliyense yemwe akuwoneka kukhala wokhoza kutseka malonda amphamvu amenewa a zida zankhondo. Magulu a mtendere aŵiri aakulu koposa a mitundu yonse omwe sanapangidwepo ndi kalelonse m’mbiri, Chigwirizano cha Mitundu ndi lochitsatira lake, Mitundu Yogwirizana, akhala osakhoza kukhutiritsa ngakhale mmodzi wa ziŵalo za mitundu yake ‘kusula malupanga ake kukhala zolimira.’ Malonda a zida zankhondo akhala ogwirizanitsidwa m’zochitachita za dziko mwa ndale ndi zachuma kotero kuti anthu ambiri akudzimva kuti chiri choposa pa mphamvu ya munthu kuwaletsa iwo. Kenaka, kodi pali mphamvu iriyonse yolimba mokwanira kuchita tero?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 8]

Ngakhale mitundu yauchete imagulitsa zida zankhondo ndi luso la zopangapanga za zankhondo

[Zithunzi patsamba 7]

Amalonda a zida zankhondo amasatsa malonda zotulutsidwa zawo zakupha m’magazini a zamalonda ochulukira, a zithunzi za mitundumitundu