Chifukwa Chake Ana Ena Ali Ovuta Kwambiri

“Ziyambukiro za majini, kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka ubongo, ndi makulidwe a minyewa zimasonkhezera kwambiri kuumba umunthu wathu monga ana ndi umene tidzakhala nawo monga achikulire.”—STANLEY TURECKI, M.D.

MWANA aliyense amakula mwa njira yakeyake yapadera. Ana amasonyeza mikhalidwe yochuluka yosiyanasiyana imene imaoneka kukhala yachibadwa—mikhalidwe imene makolo sangathe kuilamulira kwenikweni kapena imene sangathe kuilamulira mpang’ono pomwe. Nzoona kuti ana osakhazikika, otakataka, ndi osokoneza akhalapo nthaŵi zonse. Makolo abwino koposa angakhale ndi mwana wovuta kwambiri kulera.

Koma kodi nchifukwa ninji ana ena ali opulupudza ndi ovuta kulera? Chiŵerengero cha ana omwe ali ndi mavuto a khalidwe chikuwonjezereka. Akatswiri a zakiliniki ndi ofufuza ambiri akugwirizana kuti kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 10 peresenti ya ana onse amasonyeza kusakhazikika kopambanitsa ndi kuti kusakhoza kwa ana ameneŵa kutchera khutu, kusumika maganizo, kutsatira malangizo, ndi kuletsa kunyanyuka kwawo kumachititsa zovuta zazikulu kwa iwo eni ndi ku banja lawo, aphunzitsi awo, ndi kwa anzawo.

Dr. Bennett Shaywitz, profesa wa kaleredwe ndi matenda a ana ndi zaminyewa pa Yale University Medical School, akusonyeza chimene chingakhale chochititsa chachikulu: “kusokonekera kobadwa nako kwa makemikolo ena a m’minyewa ya ubongo,” amene amayendetsa ntchito ya maselo a ubongo ndi kulamulira mmene ubongo umatsogozera khalidwe. Mosasamala kanthu ndi chimene chingachititse mwanayo kukhala wovuta kulera, chofunika choyamba nchakuti makolo akhale ndi luso la kuwongolera khalidwe la mwana wawo, kumlimbikitsa ndi kumchirikiza m’malo mwa kumsuliza ndi kumtsutsa.

M’nthaŵi za Baibulo, makolo ndiwo anali ndi thayo la kuphunzitsa ndi kulangiza ana awo. Iwo anadziŵa kuti chilango ndi chilangizo cha malamulo a Mulungu zikachititsa ana awo kukhala anzeru. (Deuteronomo 6:6, 7; 2 Timoteo 3:15) Chifukwa chake, lili thayo la makolo lopatsidwa ndi Mulungu, kuyesayesa kwambiri monga momwe kungathekere, mosasamala kanthu ndi kutanganitsidwa ndi zochita, kuti akwaniritse zosoŵa za mwana, makamaka mwa kuchita naye mwa njira yomangilira pamene achita zosayenera. Popeza kuti mavuto a khalidwe ochuluka oonedwa lerolino m’ntchito zoona pa kaleredwe ndi matenda a ana amaloŵetsamo ana okangalika mopambanitsa, onyanyuka, kapena othaŵathaŵa maganizo, nkhani yofotokoza ADD ndi ADHD monga zochititsa ana ovuta kulera ingakhale yothandiza.a

M’ma 1950, matenda ameneŵa anatchedwa “minimal brain dysfunction” (kusagwira bwino ntchito pang’ono kwa ubongo). Liwulo sakuligwiritsiranso ntchito, malinga ndi kunena kwa katswiri wa za kaleredwe ndi matenda a ana ndi za minyewa Dr. Jan Mathisen, pamene zotumba zinasonyeza kuti “ADD siili konse kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.” Dr. Mathisen akuti: “ADD ikuoneka kukhala kulemala kwa mbali zina za ubongo. Tikali osatsimikizira za zovuta zenizeni za m’mitsempha ya ubongo zimene zimaichititsa, koma tikulingalira kuti chochititsa ndicho kemikolo ya mu ubongo yotchedwa dopamine.” Iye akukhulupirira kuti vutolo limaloŵetsamo kayendetsedwe ka dopamine. “Mwinamwake si kemikolo imodzi yokha, koma kugwirizana kwa makemikolo angapo,” iye anatero.

Ngakhale kuti padakali mafunso ambiri osayankhidwa ponena za chochititsa ADD, ofufuza ochuluka akuvomerezana ndi Dr. Mathisen kuti kulephera kulamulira maganizo, kunyanyuka, ndi kuyendetsa bwino ziŵalo za thupi kumayambira m’minyewa. Posachedwapa, kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Dr. Alan Zametkin ndi ofufuza a pa National Institute of Mental Health, mu United States, anatumba kwa nthaŵi yoyamba kuti ADD inachititsidwa ndi kulephera kwa metabolism mu ubongo, ngakhale kuti anazindikira kuti “kufufuza kokulirapo kuyenera kuchitidwa kotero kuti apeze mayankho otsimikiza.”

Masukulu Amapereka Vuto Lenileni

Kaŵirikaŵiri sukulu imakhala yovuta kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lopitirizabe la kusasumika maganizo, maganizo osakhazikika, kunyanyuka, kapena kukangalika mopambanitsa, popeza kuti kufunika kwa kusumika maganizo ndi kukhala chete kumakhala kwakukulu m’kalasi. Popeza kuti kumawakhalira kovuta kwambiri ana oterowo kusumika maganizo kwa nthaŵi yaitali pa chinthu chilichonse, angachitenji kusiyapo kuchita zinthu mopambanitsa monga wamisala? Kwa ena, kulephera kwawo kusumika maganizo nkwakukulu kwambiri kwakuti satha kupitiriza kuphunzira kwabwino, kukhale kunyumba kapena kusukulu. Chilango chimene amapatsidwa kaamba kokhala ovutitsa m’kalasi kapena opulupudza sichimakhala chachilendo, popeza kuti ali ndi vuto la kusakhoza kudziletsa pa khalidwe lawo ndi kusalingalira pa zotulukapo za machitidwe awo.

Potsirizira pake, amakhala ndi chithunzi choipa cha iwo eni, mwinamwake akumadzitcha “oipa” ndi “opusa” ndi kumachita zinthu mwa njira imeneyo. Chifukwa chakuti iwo amapeza magiredi otsika nthaŵi zonse mosasamala kanthu ndi mmene angayeseyesere, ana ameneŵa angakhale ndi vuto la kudziona kukhala olephera achikhalire.

Pothedwa nzeru, makolo amada nkhaŵa kwambiri ndi kusokonezeka maganizo ndi khalidwe lowononga la mwana wawo. Nthaŵi zina zimabutsa kusamvana mu ukwati, kholo lililonse likumaimba mlandu linalo kaamba ka mkhalidwewo. Makolo ambiri amathera nthaŵi yochuluka akumadandaula ndi zoipa ndi kuiŵala zabwino. Chifukwa chake, mmene amachitira ndi khalidwe losayenera kumachititsanso kuchitirana zinthu mosayenera koposerapo. Motero, banjalo, ndiponso ena ochita ndi mwanayo, amagwera m’kulimbanira ulamuliro kochititsidwa ndi kusamvetsetsa kwawo ndi kulemphera kusamalira khalidwe la mwana wovutayo—mwana amene angakhale ndi Attention Deficit Disorder, kapena amene angakhale alibe.

Chokumana Nacho Chaumwini cha Mayi ndi Ronnie

“Kuchokera pamphindi imene Ronnie anafika m’dziko lapansi, sanakhalepo wokondwa koma anali wonyanyuka ndi woliralira nthaŵi zonse. Chifukwa cha zoyambukira thupi, iye anali ndi zipere, nthenda ya m’makutu, ndi kupaza kosaleka.

“Komabe, maluso oyambirira a Ronnie a kuyendetsa ziŵalo zake anakula bwino, ndipo anafulumira kukhala, kuimirira, ndipo kenako kuyenda—kapena ndinene kuti kuthamanga mwina? Ndinachita ntchito zanga zapanyumba mofulumira m’nthaŵi zake za kugona chifukwa chakuti pamene ‘kavuluvulu’ wanga wamng’onoyo anauka, ndinkakhala wotanganitsidwa ndi kumsamalira kuti asadzivulaze ndi kuwononga za m’nyumba pamene ankathamanga uku ndi uku akumatenga chilichonse chimene chinamkondweretsa, ndipo anakopeka ndi chilichonse!

“Iye anali ndi nyengo yaifupi kwambiri ya kusumika maganizo. Palibe chimene chinakhala m’maganizo ake kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Iye ananyansidwa ndi kukhala bata. Kwenikweni, ili ndilo linali vuto lake pamene tinapita naye ku malo alionse kumene anafunikira kukhala bata—makamaka pamisonkhano ya mpingo. Kunali kosaphula kanthu kumpanda chifukwa chosakhala chete. Kunali chabe kosatheka kwa iye. Anthu ambiri okhala ndi cholinga chabwino anadandaula kapena kutipatsa uphungu, koma palibe chimene chinathandiza.

“Ronnie anali wanzeru, chotero pamene anali pafupifupi ndi zaka zitatu, tinamyambitsa programu yaifupi ya kuŵerenga ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Pofika zaka zisanu, ankaŵerenga bwino ndithu. Ndiyeno anapita kusukulu. Patapita pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ndinaitanidwa kukakambitsirana ndi mphunzitsi wamkazi. Iye anandiuza kuti poyamba pamene anaona Ronnie, anaganiza kuti anaoneka monga mwana womvera kwenikweni, koma atakhala naye kwa mwezi umodzi m’kalasi lake, tsopano anaganiza kuti anali wopulupudza weniweni! Anandiuza kuti nthaŵi zonse ankangolumphalumpha, kugwetsa ana ena, kapena kumawakoka. Sankakhala bata kapena chete, ndipo anali kusokoneza kalasi lonse. Anali wosakhoza kudziletsa. Iye ananenanso kuti mzimu wa upandu unali kukula. Iwo analingalira kuti aikidwe m’kalasi la maphunziro apadera ndi kuti timpereke kwa dokotala kuti akatilembere mankhwala omkhazikitsa pansi. Tinathedwa mphamvu!

“Mankhwala sanali chosankha choyenera kwa Ronnie, koma katswiri wa kaleredwe ndi matenda a ana anatipatsa malingaliro othandiza. Kuona kwake kunali kwakuti Ronnie anali wanzeru ndi wosungulumwa; motero anapereka lingaliro lakuti tiyenera kumtangwanitsa Ronnie, kuti tiyenera kumsonyeza chikondi chowonjezereka, ndi kuti tikhale oleza naye mtima ndi omganizira zabwino. Iye anaganiza kuti Ronnie sakakhala vuto kwambiri akasinkhukirapo ndi kusintha zakudya zake.

“Tinazindikira kuti mwana wathuyo anayenera kuthandizidwa mosamalitsa, kuti anayenera kuthandizidwa kudziŵa kugwiritsira ntchito nyonga yake m’njira yabwino. Zimenezi zikafuna nthaŵi yochuluka; motero, tinasintha zochita zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku, tikumathera maola ambiri pakuthandizana naye za kusukulu, kumphunzitsa ndi kumlongosolera zinthu moleza mtima. Tinaleka kugwiritsira ntchito mawu otsutsa kapena kumuimba mlandu pa kusalingalira kwake ndi kupulupudza. Cholinga chathu chinali kukulitsa lingaliro lake la kudziona kukhala wofunika. Tinakambitsirana naye m’malo mwa kumulamulira. Ngati panafunikira zosankha zoloŵetsamo iye, tinapempha lingaliro lake.

“Zinthu zina zimene zimafika mwachibadwa m’maganizo a ana ena sizinafike mofeŵa kwa Ronnie. Mwachitsanzo, iye anafunikira kuphunzira kukhala woleza mtima, kukhala chete, kukhala bata, ndi kudziletsa pa kuchita kwake zinthu mopambanitsa. Koma kunali kowongolereka. Pamene anangozindikira kuti anafunikira kuyesayesa kuima kaye ndi kulingalira pa zimene anali kuchita, kapena zimene anafuna kuchita, anayamba kusintha. Pofika pausinkhu wa zaka 13, khalidwe lake linali litakhala bwino. Mokondweretsa, zonse zinayenda bwino kuchokera pamenepo, ngakhale pamene anafikira zaka zimene achinyamata kaŵirikaŵiri amapanduka.

“Zoyesayesa za kupatsa Ronnie chikondi chochuluka, ndi mlingo wofanana wa nthaŵi ndi kuleza mtima, zapindula kwambiri!”

[Mawu a M’munsi]