Dziko Likumka Limera Imvi

MU 1513, woyendera malo wa ku Spain Juan Ponce de León anaoloka kupita kumtunda pa gombe lina limene sankalidziŵa la ku North America. Pali nkhani imene imati chifukwa chakuti dziko limene analipezalo linali lodzala ndi maluŵa omera, analitcha Florida, kutanthauza “la maluwa” m’Chispanya. Kupeza dzina kunali kosavuta. Koma kupeza cholinga cha ulendo wake—chitsime chokhala ndi madzi otha kubwezera anthu okalamba ku unyamata—kunali kosatheka. Atafufuzafufuza m’dzikolo kwa miyezi yambiri, woyendera maloyo anatsiriza ulendo wake wofuna chitsime chobwezera unyamata umenewu ndipo anapitiriza ulendo wake wapanyanja.

Ngakhale kuti zitsime zaunyamata zidakali zovuta kuzipeza lero monga momwe zinalili m’masiku a Ponce de León, zikuoneka kuti munthu watulukira chinthu chimene Betty Friedan akuchitcha kuti “chitsime cha ukalamba.” Anatero chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu okalamba kuzungulira padziko lonse. Anthu ambiri akufika pa ukalamba kotero kuti maonekedwe a anthu padziko akusintha. Kwenikweni, dziko likumka limera imvi.

“Chimodzi Mwa Zipambano Zazikulu za Anthu”

Ziŵerengero za zaka za anthu zikuonetsa choncho. Kumayambiriro a zana lino, ngakhale m’mayiko olemera kwambiri, anthu ambiri akabadwa anali kuyembekezereka kukhala zaka zosapitirira 50. Koma lero, zaka zimenezi zakwera mpaka kufika pa 75. Mofananamo, m’mayiko amene akutukuka kumene monga China, Honduras, Indonesia, ndi Vietnam, munthu akabadwa amayembekezereka kukhala ndi zaka zoposa pa 25 kuyerekeza ndi mmene zinalili zaka makumi anayi zokha zapitazo. Mwezi uliwonse, anthu 1 miliyoni padziko lapansi akufika zaka 60. Modabwitsa, si achinyamata koma ndi anthu a zaka 80 ndi kuposa apo, ‘okalamba a anthu okalamba’ amene tsopano akuchuluka mwamsanga kwambiri padziko lonse.

Eileen Crimmins amene ali woona za chiŵerengero cha zaka za anthu analemba m’magazini yotchedwa Science kuti, “Kukwera kwa zaka za anthu kwakhala chimodzi cha zipambano zazikulu za anthu.” Bungwe la United Nations likuvomerezana nazo zimenezi, ndipo pofuna kuti anthu adziŵe zimenezi, bungweli laika kuti chaka cha 1999 chikhale Chaka cha Anthu Achikulire Padziko Lonse.—Onani bokosi pa tsamba 3.

Kusintha Kaonedwe Kazinthu—Kukufunika

Komabe, kupambana kumeneku si kokhudza zaka zokha za anthu. Kukuphatikizaponso kusintha kwa mmene anthu amaonera kukalamba. N’zoona kuti anthu ambiri amada nkhaŵa mwinanso kuchita mantha akamaganiza zoti adzakalamba, chifukwa chakuti nthaŵi zambiri kumva za ukalamba kumachititsa kuti munthu aganize za kufooka kwa thupi ndi kulephera kuganiza bwinobwino. Komabe, ofufuza amene amaphunzira za ukalamba amagogomeza kuti kukalamba n’kosiyana ndi kudwala. Anthu amakalamba mosiyanasiyana ndithu. Pali kusiyana pakati pa kukalamba chifukwa cha kukhala ndi zaka zambiri ndi kukalamba chifukwa chachibadwa. (Onani bokosi lakuti “Kodi Ukalamba N’chiyani?”) Kunena kwina, kukalamba ndi kutha mphamvu n’kosiyana.

Ndiponsotu, pamene mukukalamba, mungathe kuchita zinthu zimene zingachititse kuti moyo wanu ukhale wabwinopo. Komabe mwina ngakhale mutatero, sizingakuchititseni kuti mukhale wachinyamata, koma zingathe kukuchititsani kuti mukhale athanzi pamene mukukalamba. Nkhani yathu yotsatira ili ndi zina mwa mfundo zimenezi. Ngakhale kuti mwina nkhani ya ukalamba si yofunika kwambiri kwa inu, mungafunebe kupitiriza kuŵerenga nkhaniyi chifukwa posachedwapa mudzaona kuti ndi yofunika.

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 3]

CHAKA CHA ANTHU ACHIKULIRE PADZIKO LONSE

“Poti inenso ndinakwanitsa zaka 60 . . . , tsopano ndikuŵerengedwa nawo pa chiŵerengero chimene ndatchula chija,” anatero Mlembi wamkulu wa United Nations Kofi Annan posachedwapa pamene anali kukhazikitsa tsiku la Chaka cha Anthu Achikulire Padziko Lonse. Pali anthu enanso ambiri onga Bambo Annan. Ofufuza amanena kuti pa kutha kwa zaka za zana lino, m’mayiko ambiri munthu mmodzi mwa anthu asanu alionse adzakhala ndi zaka 60 kapena kupitirira apo. Ena a iwo adzakhala ofunika chithandizo, koma onse adzakhala ofuna njira zimene angathe kukhaliranso ndi ufulu wawo, ulemu wawo, ndi kuchitabe zintchito zawo. Pamsonkhano wa United Nations wa mayiko onse mu 1992, anaganiza kuti 1999 chikhale Chaka cha Anthu Achikulire Padziko Lonse, ndi cholinga chakuti athandize opanga malamulo kuthana ndi mavuto amene azikumana nawo chifukwa cha ‘kusintha kwa zaka za anthu’ kumeneku, ndi kutinso anthu amvetse bwino “kufunika kwa anthu okalamba pakati pa anthu.” “Tikhale Anthu a Misinkhu Yonse Okhalira Pamodzi” ndiwo mutu wa chaka chimenechi.

[Chithunzi]

Kofi Annan

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Chithunzi cha UN

UN/DPI chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Milton Grant

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 4]

KODI UKALAMBA N’CHIYANI?

“Sitingathe kukamba zambiri za nkhani ya ukalamba,” anatero wofufuza wina. “Palibe munthu amene amaumvetsa bwinobwino,” anatero winanso. Ngakhale zili choncho, akatswiri a maphunziro a za ukalamba ayesa kuulongosola. Kunena mosavuta, ukalamba ndi nthaŵi imene munthu wakhala ali ndi moyo. Koma ukalamba si zaka chabe ayi. Kuyankhula kwa nthaŵi zonse sitinganene kuti mwana akukalamba, chifukwa chakuti tikatchula za ukalamba timaganiza za kutha mphamvu kwa munthu. Ukalamba ndiwo msonkho wa moyo umene munthu amalipira kaamba ka zaka zimene wakhala. Anthu ena amaoneka aang’ono kuyerekezera ndi zaka zawo. Mwachitsanzo, tikati “koma simukuoneka ngati wamkulu” timakhala tikunena zimenezi. Kuti asiyanitse pakati pa kukula kwazaka ndi kukula kwachibadwa, ofufuza, nthaŵi zambiri amatcha kukula kwachibadwa ukalamba.

Polofesa wa sayansi ya nyama zam’tchire Steven N. Austad analongosola kuti kukalamba ndiko “kutha pang’onopang’ono kwa mphamvu iliyonse ya m’thupi. Ndipo Dr. Richard L. Sprott, wa bungwe lina loona za ukalamba lotchedwa National Institute on Aging, ananena kuti kukalamba “ndiko kutha pang’onopang’ono kwa mbali za thupi lathu zimene zimatitheketsa ife kudziteteza moyenerera.” Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza, kuti kupeza mawu omveka bwino olongosola ukalamba kudakali kovuta. Katswiri wina wa sayansi yotchedwa Molecular Biology Dr. John Medina akulongosola chifukwa chake: “Kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi, kumapoloteni mpaka kumaselo a chibadwa cha munthu otchedwa DNA, kubadwa mpaka kumwalira, zinthu zosaneneka zosiyanasiyana zimachitika kuti maselo 60 thiriliyoni a munthu akalambe.” N’zosadabwitsa kuti ofufuza ambiri amanena kuti ukalamba uli “vuto lovutitsitsa mwa mavuto onse a sayansi ya zamoyo”!