Vuto la Kusiyanasiyana kwa Zipembedzo

M’NYENGO yonse yotchedwa Middle Ages, nzika za dziko limodzi kaŵirikaŵiri zinali za chipembedzo chimodzi. Posachedwapa chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, Ulaya anali chabe ndi zipembedzo zazikulu zingapo: Chikatolika ndi Chiprotesitanti kumadzulo, Chiorthodox ndi Chisilamu kummaŵa, ndi Chiyuda. Mosakayikira, pali zipembedzo zambiri zosiyanasiyana lerolino ku Ulaya ndi padziko lonse. Pakhala zipembedzo zachilendo, zimene zalandiridwa ndi eni dziko ena kapena zimene zabwera ndi alendo m’dziko ndi othaŵa kwawo.

Chifukwa chake, lerolino m’maiko ngati Australia, Britain, France, Germany, ndi United States, muli Asilamu, Abuddha, ndi Ahindu ambiri. Komanso, Mboni za Yehova, monga Akristu, akutumikira mwachangu m’maiko oposa 230; ku Italy ndi ku Spain iwo akhala chipembedzo chachiŵiri m’kukula kwake. Mu lililonse la maiko 13, muli ziŵalo zake zachangu zoposa 100,000.—Onani bokosi, patsamba 15.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa mapembedzedwe m’chitaganya kungapereke vuto kwa mphunzitsi. Mwachitsanzo, pangabuke mafunso ena ofunika ponena za zikondwerero zofala: Kodi zikondwerero zonse zokumbukira zinthu ziyenera kukakamiziridwa pa mwana wa sukulu aliyense—ngakhale ngati ali ndi chipembedzo chake? Ambiri sangatsutse zikondwerero zotero. Komabe, kodi mabanja amene ali a chipembedzo chaching’ono sayenera kulemekezedwa pa zimene amakhulupirira? Ndiponso pali mfundo ina yoyenera kuilingalira: M’maiko amene lamulo limalekanitsa chipembedzo ndi Boma ndipo maphunziro sayenera kuphatikizapo malangizo achipembedzo, kodi ena sangaone kuumiriza zikondwerero zotero pasukulu kukhala kosayenera?

Masiku Akubadwa

Zovuta zingabuke ngakhale pa zikondwerero zimene zimaoneka kusakhala zachipembedzo kwenikweni. Ndi mmene zilili ndi masiku akubadwa, amene sukulu zambiri zimakondwerera. Ngakhale kuti Mboni za Yehova zimalemekeza kukondwerera kwa ena masiku akubadwa, inu muyenera kuti mukudziŵa bwino kuti izo sizimachitako zikondwerero zimenezo. Koma mwinamwake simukudziŵa chifukwa chake izo ndi ana awo sizikuchitako zikondwerero zimenezi.

Le livre des religions (Buku la Zipembedzo), insaikulopediya yofalitsidwa kwambiri ku France, imatcha kachitidwe kameneka kukhala mwambo ndipo imakandandalika pakati pa “madzoma akunja.” Ngakhale kuti zikondwerero za masiku akubadwa zimaonedwa monga machitidwe abwino a anthu, kwenikweni zinayambira kuchikunja.

The Encyclopedia Americana (ya 1991) imati: “Dziko lakale la Igupto, Girisi, Roma, ndi Perisiya linakondwerera masiku akubadwa a milungu, mafumu, ndi anthu omveka.” Alembiwo Ralph ndi Adelin Linton akuvumbula chifukwa chake chachikulu chimene anachitira zimenezi. M’buku lawo la The Lore of Birthdays, iwo akuti: “Mesopotamiya ndi Igupto, magwero a kutsungula, analinso maiko oyamba kumene anthu anakumbukira ndi kulemekeza masiku awo akubadwa. Kusunga zolembedwa za masiku akubadwa kunali kofunika kalelo makamaka chifukwa chakuti deti lakubadwa linali kufunika kwambiri popanga horoscope.” Kugwirizana kwambiri kumeneku ndi kupenda nyenyezi kuli nkhani yodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri kwa aliyense amene amapeŵa kupenda nyenyezi chifukwa cha zimene Baibulo limanena.—Yesaya 47:13-15.

Nchifukwa chake nzosadabwitsa pamene tiŵerenga mu The World Book Encyclopedia kuti: “Akristu oyambirira sanakondwerere kubadwa Kwake [Kristu] chifukwa chakuti anaona kukondwerera kubadwa kwa munthu aliyense kukhala mwambo wachikunja.”—Voliyumu 3, tsamba 416.

Polingalira za zimenezo, Mboni za Yehova zimakana kuchitako mapwando a masiku akubadwa. Ndithudi, kubadwa kwa mwana kuli nthaŵi yachisangalalo yabwino koposa. Mwachibadwa, makolo onse amakondwera pamene ana awo akula ndi kukhwimirapo chaka ndi chaka. Mboni za Yehova nazonso zimakonda kwambiri kusonyeza chikondi chawo kwa mabanja awo ndi mabwenzi mwa kuwapatsa mphatso ndi kusangalala limodzi nawo. Komabe, polingalira za magwero a zikondwerero za masiku akubadwa, izo zimakonda kuchita zimenezi panthaŵi zina m’chaka chonse.—Luka 15:22-25; Machitidwe 20:35.

Krisimasi

Krisimasi imachitidwa padziko lonse, ngakhale m’maiko ambiri osakhala Achikristu. Popeza kuti zipembedzo zambiri za Dziko Lachikristu zimavomereza holide imeneyi, zingakhale zodabwitsa kuti Mboni za Yehova zimakana kuikondwerera. Chifukwa ninji?

Malinga ndi kunena komveka kwa mainsaikulopediya ambiri, tsiku lakubadwa kwa Yesu linangoikidwa pa December 25 ndi munthu kuligwirizanitsa ndi phwando lachikunja la Aroma. Taonani mawu otsatirawa otengedwa m’mabuku a maumboni osiyanasiyana:

“Deti la kubadwa kwa Kristu nlosadziŵika. Mauthenga Abwino samasonyeza tsiku kapena mwezi.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia, Voliyumu II, tsamba 656.

“Miyambo yochuluka ya Krisimasi imene tsopano ili yofala ku Ulaya, kapena yochokera ku nthaŵi zakale, siili miyambo Yachikristu yoona, koma miyambo yachikunja imene Tchalitchi chavomereza kapena kulolera. . . . Miyambo yochuluka ya chikondwerero cha panthaŵi ya Krisimasi inachokera ku phwando la Saturnalia la ku Roma.”—Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics (Edinburgh, 1910), yokonzedwa ndi James Hastings, Voliyumu III, masamba 608-9.

“M’matchalitchi onse Achikristu Krisimasi yachitidwa pa December 25 chiyambire zaka za zana lachinayi. Panthaŵiyo, deti limeneli linali la phwando lachikunja la pa winter-solstice lotchedwa ‘Kubadwa (m’Chilatini, natale) kwa Dzuŵa,’ popeza kuti dzuŵa linaoneka ngati likubadwanso pamene masiku anakhalanso otalikirapo. Ku Roma, Tchalitchi chinalandira mwambo wofala kwambiri umenewu . . . mwa kuutcha dzina latsopano.”—Encyclopædia Universalis, 1968, (Chifrenchi) Voliyumu 19, tsamba 1375.

“Kusemphana pakati pa [Chikristu] ndi zikondwerero zachikunja za Sol Invictus (Mithra) kunasonkhezera kuyambika kwa phwando la Krisimasi. Komabe, December 25, pokhala tsiku la winter solstice, inaonedwa kukhala yogwirizana ndi kuunika kumene kunaŵala padziko mwa Kristu, ndipo motero tanthauzo la Sol Invictus linaikidwa pa Kristu.”—Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, (Chijeremani) Voliyumu 20, tsamba 125.

Podziŵa zoona ponena za Krisimasi, kodi ena achita chiyani? The Encyclopædia Britannica ikuti: “Mu 1644 Apyuritani a ku England kupyolera m’Nyumba ya Malamulo analetsa chikondwerero chilichonse kapena mapemphero, pachifukwa chakuti [Krisimasi] inali phwando lachikunja, nalamula kuti ichitidwe mwa kusala zakudya. Charles II anayambitsanso phwandolo, koma Askotishi anaumirira pa lingaliro Lachipyuritani.” Akristu oyambirira sanakondwerere Krisimasi, ngakhale Mboni za Yehova lerolino sizimaikondwerera kapena kuchitako machitachita ogwirizana ndi Krisimasi.

Komabe, Baibulo limayanja kupatsa mphatso kapena kuitana banja ndi mabwenzi ku chakudya chokoma panthaŵi zina. Limalimbikitsa makolo kuphunzitsa ana awo kukhala owoloŵa manja moona mtima, m’malo mopereka mphatso chabe pamene anthu akuwayembekezera kutero. (Mateyu 6:2, 3) Ana a Mboni za Yehova amaphunzitsidwa kulolera ndi kukhala aulemu, ndipo zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kulemekeza kukondwerera Krisimasi kwa enawo. Nawonso, amayamikira kwambiri pamene chosankha chawo cha kusakondwererako Krisimasi chilemekezedwa.

Zikondwerero Zina

Mboni za Yehova zimaonanso motero maholide ena achipembedzo kapena oloŵetsamo zachipembedzo amene amachitika m’nthaŵi ya sukulu m’maiko osiyanasiyana, onga ngati mapwando a m’June okumbukira oyera mtima ku Brazil, Epiphany ku France, Carnival ku Germany, Setsubun ku Japan, ndi Halloween ku United States. Ponena za zikondwerero zimenezi kapena zina zilizonse zimene sizinatchulidwe pano, makolo omwe ali Mboni kapena ana awo angakondedi kuyankha mafunso alionse amene mungakhale nawo.