“Nyengo Yaumbombo”

NGATI munthu ali ndi vuto la kuthetsa chimfine, kodi ali ndi kuthekera kotani kwa kuthetsa matenda ocholowana kwambiri a umbombo?

Kukuwonekera ngati kuti umbombo ndi dyera sizimafunikiradi kuphunziridwa​—izo mwachiwonekere ziripo kuchokera paubwana. Inu mungapenyerere tiana tachichepere tiŵiri tikuseŵera ndi zidoli zawo ndi kuwona zimenezo.

Umbombo wa munthu aliyense payekha ngwofalikira ndi woipa mokwanira, koma ponena za umbombo wamtundu kapena mitundu yonse, mamiliyoni amayambukiridwa moipa. Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani malonda a m’mitundu yonse a mankhwala ogodomalitsa. Magazine yachinenero cha Chispanya ikunena kuti imeneyi ndiyo bizinesi yaikulu koposa padziko lonse​—yodzetsa zikwi mamiliyoni $300 pachaka. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amawonongedwa, ndipo imfa zosaŵerengeka zosakhala zapanthaŵi yake zimachititsidwa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mankhwala ogodomalitsa. Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri nakatande wa kuwonjezereka kodetsa nkhaŵa kwa malonda a mankhwala ogodomalitsa? Mosakaikira, ndiwo umbombo.

World Press Review ikugogomezera lingaliro limeneli la umbombo. Iyo ikugwira mawu nyuzi magazine ya ku Madrid yotchedwa Cambio 16, imene ikutsimikizira kuti “yosafikira 10 kufikira ku 20 peresenti ya mapindu onse ochokera m’malonda a mankhwala ogodomalitsa imapita kumaiko owapanga. 10 peresenti ina imachititsidwa kubwerera kuloŵa m’lukanelukane wa malonda a mankhwalawo mwanjira ya kugula katundu ncholinga cha kupeza geni m’malaboretore, magalimoto, ndi zida zankhondo. . . . Zotsalazo zimathera m’maiko ogula mankhwalawo ndi kwa osonkhetsa msonkho a dongosolo la mabanki a padziko lonse.”

Ichi chimatsutsa lingaliro lakuti umphaŵi ndiwo chifukwa chochitira umbombo, kuti umbombo uli mkhalidwe wa osauka kapena amphaŵi. Mwachiwonekere, umbombo uli chofoka chofalikira cha anthu chimene chimaphatikizapo mbali yonse ya chitaganya, kuphatikizapo awo amene saali osoŵa mpang’ono pomwe. Umodzi wa mikhalidwe yake yapadera ya umbombo ngwakuti uwo uli wonyenga​—ngakhale anthu amene kaŵirikaŵiri ali okhutira ndi zimene ali nazo m’moyo adzachita umbombo ngati mosayembekezereka apatsidwa mpata wa kutero.

Mkonzi Meg Greenfield akudandaula kuti: “Mutsegula nyuzipepala yanu patsiku lirilonse ndipo muŵerenga za oŵeruza aakulu ndi oneneza milandu m’khoti olemekezeka ndi kunenezedwa kokaikitsa, kukhamanitsa ndi zinyengo ndi michitidwe yopambanitsa, ndipo zimenezo zimakhala zofoketsadi. Ngakhale kuvomereza kuti ina ya mirandu yobweretsedwa njopanda maziko ndipo ina njakalekale, kuli kwachiwonekere kwa ine kuti anthu mobwerezabwereza anachita zinthuzo ndipo analekereredwa kuchita zinthu zimene sizinafunikira kuloledwa. . . . Uwu ndiwo utali umene tafikira: ngakhale mbali yaikulu ya anthu athu opanda dyera njokonda kudzikondweretsa ndi yaumbombo.”

Kodi Nkofalikira Motani?

Umbombo sindiwo chinthu chatsopano pakati pa anthu, ngakhale kuli kwakuti mosakaikira uwo wawonjezereka chifukwa cha zotsendereza za makhalidwe a m’zaka za zana la 20. Umbombo wakhala wofalikira kwambiri kotero kuti nkhani ya mlembi mu The Christian Century inapatsa zaka khumi za m’ma 1980 dzina limene nkhaniyo ilingalira kuti ngoyenererana ndi maina onga ngati “Mbadwo Wankhaŵa” wa m’ma 1950 kapena “Mbadwo wa Ine Poyamba” wa m’ma 1970. Iyo inatcha ma 1980 kukhala “Mbadwo wa Umbombo”!

Lerolino, umbombo ungawonedwe m’mbali iriyonse kumene anthu asonkhana pamodzi​—kuntchito, kusukulu, ndipo kwakukulukulu m’chitaganya. Uwo walowetsa chisonkhezero chake choipitsa m’zamalonda, m’ndale zadziko, ndipo ngakhale m’zipembedzo zazikulu zadziko.

Kaŵirikaŵiri, umbombo umakula kukhala kusawona mtima kosaloledwa ndi lamulo kapena chinyengo. Mwachitsanzo, The Canberra Times, ikupatsa Australia ulemu wokaikitsa wa kukhala dziko lotsogolera m’chinyengo cha inshuransi ya magalimoto. Law Society Journal ya ku Australia ikuchirikiza zimenezi, ikumati: “Zifunsiro kapena mawu achinyengo zochitidwa ndi anthu olipiriridwa inshuransi zimachititsa makampani a inshuransi, ndi anthu olipiriridwa inshuransi mosakhala mwachindunji, kutaikiridwa ndi madolala mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chirichonse.” Magaziniyo ikuwonjezera kuti “ndiro vuto lalikuru mowonjezerekawonjezereka, makamaka m’nkhani zophatikizapo inshuransi ya kutenthedwa kwa zinthu, kufunkhidwa zinthu padooko, ndi kubedwa kwa galimoto ndi katundu wa panyumba.”

Chotero kuli kosavuta kuzindikira chifukwa chimene anthu ambiri amasekera palingaliro lakuti umbombo udzathetsedwa. Eya, iwo amalingalira kuti umbombo nthaŵi zonse udzakhala nafe ndi kuti dziko lopanda umbombo ndirodi loto losatheka.

Umbombo Udzathetsedwa

Kodi ndipamaziko ati pamene mawu onenedwa pamwambapawa omvekera kukhala osatheka anganenedwe? Azikidwa pachenicheni chakuti makhalidwe opanda umbombo ayamba kale kufikiridwa. Pamene kuli kwakuti kufikiridwa kumeneku sikuli kwangwiro, iko kumasonyeza chimene chingachitidwe pophunzitsidwa bwino ndi chisonkhezero choyenerera. Nkhani yotsatira idzasonyeza mmenedi pangakhalire dziko lathunthu lopanda umbombo.