Nkhondo—Kutsendereza ndi Zipsyera

“TINALI paulendo woyendera dziko womwe unatsimikizira kukhala wosapanga mbiri. Nduna yathu, munthu wodekha, wachifundo, msilikali wosalembedwa, ankatitsogolera kubwerera ku mizere yathu. Mlonda anatitokosa ife. Nduna yathuyo isanayankhe, msilikali wamantha kumbuyo kwa mzere wathu anawomba mfuti, kulasa ndunayo pamaso. Mwamuna wopanda liwongoyo anamwalira, akumatsamwa m’mwazi wake.” Kwa Edward B, msilikali Wachibritish, zimenezo zinafupikitsa zipsyera za Nkhondo ya Dziko ya II.

Ena amayesera kubisa chithunzi chenicheni cha nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, Nkhondo ya Dziko ya I inasonyezedwa ndi akatswiri ena anthabwala kukhala “mbali imodzi ya Armagedo—nkhondo yotsirizira ya Zabwino molimbana ndi Zoipa . . . ndipo mbali ina maseŵera opanga mbiri, ampikisano.” (The Faces of Power) Iyo sinali konse chimodzi cha ziŵirizo. Iyo inalongosoledwa bwino lomwe ndi mtola nkhani ndi mkonzi wa nyuzi Ernest Hemingway pamene analemba kuti inali “yaikulu koposa, yakupha, kusakaza kosalamulirika komwe sikunachitikepo pa dziko lapansi”—kudzafika ku Nkhondo ya Dziko ya II.

Kusakaza koteroko kwazindikiritsa nkhondo zonse za zaka za zana lino ndi zakumbuyo. “Nkhondo iriyonse m’mbiri yakale,” analemba tero Malcolm Browne, “mosasamala kanthu za chochititsa chake kapena kulungamitsidwa, yakhala yoipa, yoŵaŵa ndi yoluluza kwa onse okhudzidwa.” Mu Vietnam, iye anawona ndi maso kuchuluka kwa kupha kotchuka m’mbiri ndi kuŵaŵa kwa nkhondo, koma iye anadzimvabe kuti “unyinji wa zowopsya zopitirizidwa mu Viet Nam siumatanthauza chinthu chatsopano chirichonse m’chokumana nacho cha munthu.”—The New Face of War.

Zowopsya zofananazo zinakumanizidwadi mkati mwa Nkhondo ya Dziko ya II. Jeremani ndi Japan anapululutsidwa ndipo akufa awo asilikali ndi anthu wamba anafika m’chiŵerengero chonse pamodzi cha mamiliyoni. United States inatayikiridwa chifupifupi anthu 400,000, Briteni 450,000, ndi Falansa oposa pa theka la miliyoni. Soviet Union inatayikiridwa mamiliyoni 20 oyerekezedwa. Likumandandalitsa chimene linachitcha kukhala “chiŵerengero chapamwambachi cha kuvutika kwa anthu,” bukhu lakuti World War II linanena kuti: “Minkhole yonse m’nkhondo, kuphatikizapo anthu wamba, inafika ku chiŵerengero chosachepera pa mamiliyoni 50.”

Minkhole ya anthu wamba inali mbali ya chomwe Gerald Priestland m’bukhu lake Priestland—Right and Wrong analongosola kukhala “nkhondo yotheratu: nkhondo ya amuna, akazi ndi ana, mosasamala kanthu za kumene ali kapena zimene akuchita, zaka zawo kapena kupanda chithandizo komwe angakhale nako.” Iye ananena kuti, iyo inazindikiridwa pamene “magulu ogwirizana anakantha Hamburg ndi Dresden, ndi pamene Ajeremani anasakaza Liverpool ndi Coventry.”

Kuphedwa kwa makumi a mamiliyoni m’nkhondo kwakhala koipa kwenikweni. Koma bwanji ponena za omwe amapulumuka “kuipa, kuŵaŵa ndi kululuza” kwa zipsyera za nkhondo? Kodi ndimotani mmene iwo amayambukiridwira? Ndipo kodi ndimotani mmene iwo angachitire ndi ziyambukiro zotsala nawo? Nkhani zotsatira zidzasanthula mafunso amenewa.