Ulamuliro wa Anthu Uyesedwa Pamiyeso
Gawo 9: Kulamulira kwa Munthu Kufikira Mapeto Ake!
Dongosolo ladziko lonse la ndale zadziko: maufumu, zigwirizano, zimvano, kapena mafedulo opangidwa m’maboma amitundu pamaziko kaya osakhalitsa kapena okhalitsa kulondola zonulirapo zofanana zodutsa malire adziko, ulamuliro, kapena zikondwerero.
OCTOBER 5, 539 B.C.E., lidapeza mzinda wa Babulo uli pachimake paphwando. Akuluakulu a boma chikwi chimodzi anavomereza kuitanidwa kwammadzulo kuchokera kwa Mfumu Belisazara. Chinkana kuti anawopsezedwa ndi magulu ankhondo owuzinga a Amedi ndi Aperisi, Belisazara ndi andale zadziko anzake sanadodometsedwe. Ndiiko nkomwe, khoma lamzindawo lidali losakhoza kulowereredwa. Panalibe chifukwa chochitira mantha mofulumira.
Pamenepo, popanda nchenjezo lomwe, pachimake paphwandolo, zala zosalumikizidwa kudzanja lamunthu zidayamba kulemba pakhoma la nyumba yachifumuyo mawu amphamvu akuti: MENE, MENE, TEKEL ndi UFARSIN. Mawondo a mfumu anayamba kunjenjema, ndipo mnkhongono mwake mudati zii.—Danieli 5:5, 6, 25.
Danieli, m’Israyeli ndimlambiri wa Mulungu amene Belisazara ndi akuluakulu anzake aboma adamnyoza, anaitanidwa kukalongosla. ‘Kumasulira kwake kwa mawu awa ndi uku,’ anayamba tero Danieli, “MENE, Mulungu anawerenga ufumu wanu, nautha. TEKEL, Mwayesedwa pamiyeso, nimupezeka mwaperewera. PERES, ufumu wanu wagawika, nuperekedwa kwa Amedi ndi Aperisi.” Motsimikizirika munalibedi zabwino muulosiwu. Kukwaniritsidwa kwake kunali kwakuti, “Usiku womwewo Belisazara mfumu ya Akasidi anaphedwa.”—Danieli 5:26-28, 30.
Pausiko umodzi, mtundu umodzi wa kulamulira kwa munthu unalowedwa mmalo ndi wina! Polingalira za mgwedegwede wofanana ndi uwu wa posachedwapa Kumawa kwa Yuropu, tingadabwe ngati zimene zinachitikira Belisazara zingakhalenso ndi tanthauzo m’tsiku lathu. Kodi ichi chingakhale chizindikiro cha chinthu china cha kulamulira konse kwa munthu? Tiri ndi zifukwa zambiri za kulingalirira ichi mosamalitsa, chifukwa chakuti “kutsungula konse kungakhozedi kutha,” anatero profesa wa pa Columbia University wotchedwa Jacques Barzun, nawonjezera kuti: “Kufikira mapeto aakulu kwa Girisi kapena Roma sindiko nthanthi chabe.”
Anthu apanga mtundu wokhumbidwa uliwonse wa maboma. Pambuyo pa zaka zikwi zambiri za kuyesa ndi kuphophonya, kodi zotulukapo zakhala zotani? Kodi kulamulira kwa munthu kwatikhutiritsa? Kodi kungapereke mayankho ku mavuto omawonjezereka a anthu?
Malonjezo, Malonjezo!
Mwapang’ono yankho laperekedwa ndi Bakul Rajni Patel, mtsogoleri wa gulu lalikulu lofufuza mu Bombay, India. Posuliza andale zadziko za “chinyengo chokhachokha,” donayu akuti: “Nkozoloŵereka muno mu India ndi Maiko ena Otukuka Kumene kwa atsogoleri kuimirira m’mapulatifomu nafuula mawu okopa ponena za ‘chitukuko’ ndi ‘kupita patsogolo.’ Kodi nchitukuko ndi kupita patsogolo kotani? Kodi tikupusitsa yani? Poti munthu angofunikira kulingalira ziŵerengero zomvetsa chisoni izi zokhudza Maiko Otukuka Kumene: Ana 40,000 amafa tsiku lirilonse ndi matenda oti angathe kuchinjirizidwa.” Donayu akuwonjezera kuti pafupifupi ana 80 miliyoni samadyetsedwa mokwanira kapena amagona ndi njala usiku uliwonse.
‘Koma tadikirani pang’ono,’ inu mungatsutse tero. ‘Komatu muyenera kuŵayamikirako andale zadziko kaamba ka kuyesera. Pamafunikiradi mtundu wina wakutiwakuti wa boma kuti mavuto owopsawa adziko athetsedwe lerolino.’ Ndizowona zimenezo, koma funso nlakuti: Kodi bomalo liyenera kukhala lopangidwa ndi anthu kapena lopangidwa ndi Mulungu?
Musalinyalanyaze funsoli kukhala lopanda pake, mukumaganiza monga momwe amachitira anthu ambiri, kuti Mulungu amasankha kusaphatikizidwamo. Papa John Paul II mwachiwonekere amaganiziranso kuti Mulungu wasiyira anthu kuti adzilamulire okha bwino lomwe monga mmene angathere, popeza kuti pamene ankacheza ku Kenya zaka khumi zapitazo, iye anati: “Chitokoso chofunika kwambiri kwa Mkristu nchaumoyo wandale zadziko.” Iye anapitiriza kuti: “M’boma nzika ziri nako kuyenera ndi thayo la kugawanamo m’moyo wa ndale zadziko. . . . Kungakhale kuphophonya kuganizira kuti Mkristu aliyense sayenera kuphatikizidwamo m’mbali zimenezi za moyo.”
Anthu, mwa kutsatira nthanthiyi, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri mwa kuchilikizidwa ndi chipembedzo, afunafuna kwanthaŵi yaitali boma labwino. Mtundu uliwonse wa boma latsopano watsagana ndi malonjezo ambirimbiri. Komatu ngakhale malonjezo ofotokoza mfundo zenizeni amakhala opanda pake atalephera kukwaniritsidwa. (Onani “Malonjezo Molimbana ndi Mfundo Zenizeni” patsamba 27.) Mwachiwonekere, anthu sanalifikirebe boma labwino.
Kwindani Nokha
Kodi wasayansi ya nyukiliya wotchedwa Harold Urey adali ndi yankho? Iye anatsutsa naati “palibe chothetsera chenicheni kumavuto adziko kusiyapo kukhala nalo pomalizira pake boma ladziko lokhoza kukhazikitsa lamulo padziko lonse lapansi.” Koma palibe munthu ndi mmodzi yense amene ali wotsimikizira kuti chimenechi chingachitike. Kumbuyoku, chigwirizano chopangidwa ndi mamembala a mabungwe a mitundu yonse chidakhala chosatheka. Tawonani chitsanzo chapadera.
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko ya I, pa January 16, 1920, gulu logwirizanitsa dziko, lotchedwa Chigwirizano cha Amitundu, linakhazikitsidwa ndi maiko 42 akumakhala mamembala ake. Mmalo mwakuti lipangidwe kukhala boma ladziko lonse, ilo linalinganizidwira kukhala nyumba yamalamulo yadziko lonse, yolinganizidwira kupititsa patsogolo umodzi wadziko, kwakukulukulu mwa kuthetsa kukangana kwa pakati pa maboma a maiko okhala ziŵalo zake, motero niletsa nkhondo. Podzafika mu 1934 mamembala ake adawonjezereka kukhala maiko 58.
Komabe, Chigwirizanochi chidamangidwa pamaziko osalimba. “Nkhondo Yadziko Yoyamba inatha niibweretsa chiyembekezo chabwino kwenikweni, koma chinyengo sichinali kutali ayi,” ikulongosola tero The Columbia History of the World. “Ziyembekezo zozikidwa pa Chigwirizano cha Amitundu zinatsimikizira kukhala chinyengo.”
Pa September 1, 1939, Nkhondo Yadziko ya II inayambika, niiponya Chigwirizanochi m’dzenje la kusagwira ntchito. Chinkana kuti mwalamulo sichinathetsedwe kufikira April 18, 1946, icho chinafa, chodzala pha ndizokhumba ndi zifuno zake zonse “paubwana,” osakwanitsa ngakhale ndi zaka 20 zomwe. Chisanaikidwe mwalamulo, icho chidalowedwa kale mmalo ndi gulu lina logwirizanitsa dziko, Mitundu Yogwirizana, lomwe linapangidwa pa October 24, 1945, ndi maiko 51 akumakhala mamembala. Kodi kukwinda kwatsopanoku nakonso kukachita motani?
Kuyesa Kwachiŵiri
Anthu ena amati Chigwirizano chidalephera chifukwa chakuti chidapangidwa ndi zophophonya. Kulingalira kwina kumaika liŵongo lalikulu osati pa Chigwirizano chokha koma pa maboma pawokha omwe adali ankhokera kuchichilikiza bwino. Mosakaikira m’malingaliro onse aŵiriwa muli chowonadi. Akalambula bwalo a Mitundu Yogwirizana anayesa ndi mphamvu zonse, kuphunziramo kanthu m’zophophonya za Chigwirizano ndikuthetsa zifooko zina zimene Chigwirizano chinazisonyeza.
Wolemba wina wotchedwa R. Baldwin akutcha Mitundu Yogwirizana kukhala “loposa Chigwirizano m’kuthekera kwake kupanga dongosolo la dziko la mtendere, chigwirizano, malamulo, ndi zoyenerera anthu.” Kunena zowona, ziungwe zake zaluso zina, pakati pa zomwe pakupezeka WHO (World Health Organization), UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), ndi FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), zalondola zonulirapo zoyamikirika ndikupita patsogolo pamlingo wakutiwakuti. Chomwe chikuwonekanso kuti Baldwin ngwolondola ndimfundo yakuti Mitundu Yogwirizana tsopano yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka 45, kuwirikiza kaŵiri kuposa Chigwirizano.
Chokwaniritsidwa chachikulu cha UN chinali kufulumiza kuchotsapo utsamunda, kupangitsa pafupifupi kukhala “wadongosolo pang’ono kuposa momwe ukadakhalira,” mogwirizana ndi zomwe wanena mtola nkhani Richard Ivor. Iye akutinso gululi “linathandizira kuchepetsa nkhondo yamawu m’nthaŵi yoputana ndi pakamwa.” Ndipo iye akutamanda “mtundu wa kugwira ntchito kogwirizana” kumene linathandizira kupanga.
Ndithudi, anthu ena amatsutsa kuti chiwopsezo cha nkhondo ya nyukliya nchomwe chinachita zambiri kutetezera Nkhondo Yamawu kuipiraipira kuposa zomwe Mitundu Yogwirizana inachita. Mmalo mokwaniritsa lonjezo lomwe likutchulidwa m’dzina lakelo, kugwirizanitsa mitundu, chenicheni nchakuti gululi kaŵirikaŵiri silinachite kanthu nkomwe kuposa kungotumikira ngati nkhoswe, yoyesa kuletserera mitundu yosagwirizana kuti isagwirane pakhosi. Ndipo ngakhale paudindowu wa kukhala kwake loletserera, ilo silinakhale lachipambano nthaŵi zonse. Monga mmene mkonzi Baldwin walongosolera, mofanana ndi Chigwirizano chakale, “Mitundu Yogwirizana njopanda mphamvu ya kuchita zambiri kuposa zimene zimaloledwa kuchitiridwa mwachisomo kwa boma lomwe liri membala.”
Kuchilikiza kosakhala kwa mtima wonseku kumbali ya mamembala a UN nthaŵi zina kumasonyezedwa m’kusafunitsitsa kwawo kupereka ndalama zochititsa gululi kugwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, United States inazichotsa ndalama zake mu FAO chifukwa cha chigamulo chomwe chinalingaliridwa kukhala choipitsitsa kwa Israyeli ndi othandizira Palestina. Pambuyo pake, m’chilikizi wamkulu wa UN m’zandalamayu anavomereza kulipira ndalama zokwanira kusungabe kukhalamo kwake ndi chonena komano anasiyabe unyinji wa ngongole ziŵiri mwa zitatu zosalipiridwa.
Varindra Tarzie Vittachi, yemwe kale adali wachiŵiri kwa mtsogoleri wa UNICEF, analemba mu 1988 kuti iye anakana “kugwirizana ndi chipani chakufa” cha anthu omwe adathetsa chowinda chawo ndi Mitundu Yogwirizana. Komabe, akumadzitcha kukhala “wosuliza wokhulupirika,” iye akuvomereza kuti kuwukira kwapadziko lonse kukupangidwa ndi anthu omwe amati “Mitundu Yogwirizana ndiyo ‘nyali yomwe inazima,’ ndikuti sichinakwaniritse zapamwamba zake zofunika, ndikuti sichinakhale chokhoza kusamalira ntchito zake zosungitsa mtendere ndikuti ziungwe zake za chitukuko, kupatulapo zochepa zokha, sizinalungamitse kukhalapo kwawo.”
Chifooko chachikulu cha Mitundu Yogwirizana chavumbulidwa ndi mkonzi Ivor, pamene akulemba kuti: “UN, chirichonse chimene ingachite, sidzachotsapo uchimo. Komabe, chingaupange uchimo wa mitundu yonse kukhala wovutirako kwenikweni, ndipo chidzapangitsa wochimwayo kukhala wowerengera kwewnikweni. Koma sichinapambanebe kusintha mitima ndi malingaliro kaya a anthu omwe amatsogolera maiko kapena nzika zawo.”—Kanyenye ngwathu.
Chotero, chilema cha Mitundu Yogwirizana nchofanana ndi chilema chokhala m’mitundu yonse ya kulamulira kwa munthu. Palibe ndimmodzi yense wa iwo amene ali wokhoza kuika mwa anthu chikondi chopanda mpeni kumphasa chochitira nacho zabwino, kudana ndi choipa, ndikuikamo kulemekeza maulamuliro komwe ndiko yankho lopitira patsogolo. Tangoganizirani unyinji wa mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akadathetsedwa ngati anthu adali ofunitsitsa kutsogozedwa ndi malamulo amakhalidwe abwino olungama! Mwachitsanzo, lipoti la nyuzi lonena za kuipitsa mu Australia likuti vutolo liripo “osati chifukwa chaumbuli koma chamakhalidwe.” Pamene inatchula umbombo kukhala nakatande wamkulu, nkhaniyo inati “malamulo aboma ngomwe anaipitsirako vutoli.”
Anthu opanda ungwiro sangathedi kupanga maboma angwiro. Monga mmene wolemba nkhani Thomas Carlyle anadziŵitsira mu 1843 kuti: “M’kupita kwanthaŵi boma lirilonse limakhala chizindikiro chofanana ndendende ndi anthu ake, ndi nzeru zawo ndi kupanda kwawo nzeru.” Kodi ndani angatsutsane nako kulingalira kwanzeruku?
‘Thyokathyokani!’
Tsopano, m’zaka za zana la 20, mapeto a kulamulira kwa munthu afikiridwa. Maboma a munthu agwirizana kupanga chiwembu chaluso kweniweni ndi champhamvu motsutsana ndi kulamulira kwaumulungu komwe kwakhalapo nthaŵi zonse. (Yerekezerani ndi Yesaya 8:11-13.) Iwo achichita ichi, osati kamodzi, koma kaŵiri, choyamba anapanga Chigwirizano cha Amitundu ndipo pambuyo pake Mitundu Yogwirizana. Chibvumbulutso 13:14, 15 chikutcha chotulukapocho kukhala ‘fano la chirombo.’ Uku nkoyenerera chifukwa chakuti chiri fano la dongosolo lonse landale zadziko la munthu padziko lapansi. Monga chilombo, dongosolo la ndale zadziko ili ladyerera nzika zapadziko lapansi monga minkhole ndikuchititsa tsoka lochititsa chisoni.
Chigwirizano chinatha ndi tsoka mu 1939. Tsoka lofananalo nlomwe likuyembekezera Mitundu Yogwirizana m’kukwaniritsa ulosi wa Baibulo uwu: ‘Kwindani nokha, koma mudzathyokathyoka; kwindani nokha, koma mudzathyokathyoka. Panganani upo, koma udzakhala chabe.’—Yesaya 8:9, 10.
Kodi ndiliti pamene kuthyokathyoka komalizira kwa ‘fano la chirombo,’ limodzi ndi dongosolo la kulamulira kwa munthu lomwe limakuimira, kudzachitika? Kodi Yehova adzathetsa liti kulamulira kwa munthu kumene kukutokosa ufumu wake? Baibulo silimatipatsa deti, koma ulosi wa Baibulo ndi zochitika zadziko zimati: ‘Posachedwapa.’—Luka 21:25-32.
Kulemba kwadzanja pakhoma kulipo kuti kuwonodwe ndi omwe angakonde kukuwona. Mongadi mmene ufumu wa Belisazara unayesedwera pamiyeso ndikupezedwa woperewera, ndimmenedi kulamulira konse kwa munthu kwaweruzidwira ndikupezedwa kukusowa. Iwo umalekerera kuipa kwandale zadziko, kuputa nkhondo, kupititsa patsogolo chinyengo ndi dyera lamtundu uliwonse, ndipo umanyalanyaza kupatsa achilikizi ake pogona, zakudya, maphunziro, ndi mankhwala okwanira.
Pamene ulamuliro wa anthu wachokapo, iwo udzachokerapotu, titero kunena kwake, muusiku umodzi. Ulipo lero, mmawa palibe—nulowedwa mmalo ndi boma langwiro pomalizira pake, Ufumu wa Mulungu!
[Bokosi patsamba 27]
Malonjezo Molimbana ndi Mfundo Zenizeni
Maufumu a “anarchy” amalonjeza ufulu wopanda polekezera kotheratu; mfundo yeniyeni njakuti popanda boma sipamakhala mpambo wa malamulo kapena malamulo amakhalidwe abwino omwe angathandizire anthu kugwirizana kaamba ka mapindu abwino; ufulu wopanda polekezera umatulukapo tsoka.
Maufumu a “monarchy” amalonjeza kukhazikika ndi umodzi pansi pa ulamuliro wa mfumu imodzi; mfundo yeniyeni njakuti mafumu aumunthu, okhala ndi chidziŵitso chochepa, olemazidwa ndi kupanda ungwiro kwaumunthu ndi zophophonya, mwinamwake osonkhezeredwadi ndi zolinga zoipa, pawokha amafa; chotero kukhazikikako ndi umodzi nzapakanthaŵi kochepa.
Maufumu a “aristocracy” amalonjeza kupereka olamulira abwino; mfundo yeniyeni njakuti iwo amalamulira chifukwa chakuti amakhala ndi chuma, choloŵa chakutichakuti chapabanja, kapena mphamvu, osati kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti ali ndi nzeru, chidziŵitso, kapena chikondi ndi kudera nkhaŵa ena; wolamulira wosakwanira waufumu wa monarchy amalowedwa mmalo ndi olamulira ambiri aufumu wa aristocracy.
Maufumu a “democracy” amalonjeza kuti angasankhepo chopindulitsa anthu onse; mfundo yeniyeni njakuti nzika zimakhala zopanda zonse ziŵiri chidziŵitso ndi zolinga zabwino zoyenerera kupanga zosankha zabwino mosasintha kaamba kaubwino wa anthu onse; ufumu wa democracy unafotokozedwa ndi Plato kukhala “mtundu wa boma losangalatsa, lodzala ndi zosiyanasiyana ndi kupanda dongosolo, ndiwovomereza kufanana kwa anthu olingana ndi osalingana mofananamo.”
Maufumu a “autocracy” amalonjeza kupangitsa zinthu kuchitika ndipo kuchita tero popanda kuchedwa kosayenerera; mfundo yeniyeni njakuti, monga mmene analembera mtola nkhani wotchedwa Otto Friedrich, “ngakhale anthu azolinga zabwino, atangovekedwa mphamvu za ndale zadziko, amayang’anizana ndi kuyenerera kutsogoza zinthu zimene, m’nthaŵi zabwino, angakhoterere kuzitcha zoipa”; chotero mafumu “abwino” a autocracy amagonja kukhala atsogoleri ofuna kulamulira ofunitsitsa kupereka nsembe zosoŵa za nzika zawo paguwa lansembe la zokhumba zawo kapena maubwino awo aumwini.
Maboma a Fascist amalonjeza kulamulira chuma mokomera anthu onse; mfundo yeniyeni njakuti izi zimachitidwa popanda chipambano nkomwe ndipo mwa kungopondereza ufulu wa munthu mwini; mwa kulemekeza nkhondo ndiutundu, iwo amapanga maboma ankhalwe monga Italy pansi pa Mussolini kapena Jeremani pansi pa Hitler.
Maboma a “communism” amalonjeza kupanga chitaganya cha Utopia, chosagawidwa m’magulumagulu mwakukhala ndi nzika zake zikumasangalala ndi zinthu molinganiza kotheratu pamaso palamulo; mfundo yeniyeni njakuti magulu ndi kusalinganiza zinthu kumakhalapobe ndikuti andale zadziko okonda ziphuphu amadyerera munthu wamba; chotulukapo chakhala kukanidwa kofala kwa chiphunzitso cha communism, ndikuwopsezedwa kwa maziko ake ndikupasulidwa ndi magulu autundu ndi ofuna kugawa anthu.
[Bokosi patsamba 27]
Ponena za Mitundu Yogwirizana
▪ UN pakali pano ili ndi mamembala 160. Maiko okha omwe pakali pano saali chiŵalo chake ndi a Korea aŵiri ndi Switzerland; msonkhano wandale zadziko wa ku Switzerland wochitidwa m’March 1986 unakana kukhala membala wake ndi masankho 3 nipapezeka wotsutsa 1.
▪ Pambali pa gulu lake lalikululi, ilo limayendetsa magulu apadera owonjezereka 55, oimira apadera, mabungwe ochilikiza maufulu a anthu, ndi ntchito zosungitsa mtendere.
▪ Dziko lirilonse lomwe liri membala limaloledwa kuthirirapo ndemanga kamodzi pa General Assembly, komabe dziko lotchuka kwenikweni, la China, liri ndi nzika pafupifupi 22,000 kwa munthu mmodzi aliyense wa membala wokhala ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri, St. Kitts ndi Nevis.
▪ Paphwando la kukondwerera Chaka cha Mtendere cha Mitundu Yonse cha Mitundu Yogwirizana mu 1986, dziko linavutika ndi kukanthana kwazida 37, chomwe sichinachitikepo panthaŵi iriyonse chiyambire kutha kwa Nkhondo Yadziko ya II.
▪ Pamaiko onse omwe ali mamembala a UN, 37 peresenti ali ndi nzika zoŵerengeka zosayerekezedwa ndi zomwe ziri ndi “mtundu” wa mitundu yonse wogwirizana wa Mboni za Yehova; 59 peresenti ziri ndi nzika zoŵerengeka zosayerekezeredwa ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe anapezeka paphwando la Chikumbutso cha imfa ya Kristu chaka chino.
[Zithunzi patsamba 28]
Chakhala chosatheka kwa anthu opanda ungwiro kupanga boma langwiro
Chigwirizano cha Amitundu
Mitundu Yogwirizana