Msanganizo Wakupha

“NDIVUTO lalikuludi,” analengeza tero pulezidenti Bush wa ku U.S. “Ndiwo mkhalidwe wochititsa mantha,” inatero The Star ya ku South Africa. “Ndimliri,” inasimba tero U.S.News & World Report. “Ndichaola pachitaganya,” inatero nzika ina yodetsedwa nkhaŵa.

Kodi iwowa akulankhula za kachilombo kowopsa ka AIDS? Ayi, koma za mliri wa mtundu wina umene pakali pano m’maiko ambiri ukupha minkhole yochulukira kuposa AIDS. Kodi ndiwo chiyani? Nchotulukapo cha msanganizo wakupha uwu: kumwa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto.

Padziko lonse, pafupifupi anthu 300,000 amaphedwa m’ngozi zagalimoto chaka chirichonse. Pa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe avulazidwa, zikwi makumi ambiri apunduka kwamoyo wawo wonse. Ndalama zowonongedwa zimafikira madola zikwi mamiliyoni ambiri pachaka. Ngozi zochititsidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndizo zochuluka pambaliyi.

M’zaka khumi zomwe zinatha mu 1990, anthu okwanira 100,000 anamwalira ndi AIDS mu United States. Komatu m’zaka khumi zomwezi, anthu pafupifupi 250,000 aphedwa m’ngozi zagalimoto zochititsidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. AIDS kaŵirikaŵiri imayambukira mwachindunji achisembwere cha kugonana ndi opopera mankhwala ogodomalitsa m’mitsempha. Koma woyendetsa galimoto yemwe wafooketsedwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa angaphe osati wozigwiritsira molakwa yekha komanso ngakhale munthu wopanda liŵongo wopita m’njira.

Kusanganiza kumwa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto kaŵirikaŵiri kumadzetsa imfa yamtundu wachiwawa kwabasi paminkhole yopanda liŵongo, ndipo kumapasula mabanja. Iko kumaphera makolo ana awo, kumaphera ana makolo awo, kumaphera okwatirana anzawo a muukwati.

Zoyesayesa Zoletsa Namondweyu

Kuyesayesa kwambiri kukupangidwa kuletsa namondwe wosakazayu. Mu United States, ndawala yodziŵitsa anthu aunyunji yayambitsidwa ndi magulu aakulu onga ngati RID (Remove Intoxicated Drivers) ndi MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Drivers). Palinso maprogramu akuti Stop-DWI (Driving While Intoxicated). Magulu ofananawa alimo m’maiko ena. Awa amathandiza minkhole yokhala ndi zowayenerera ndikupititsa patsogolo magulu alamulo ochilikiza kusintha zinthu.

Magulu osungitsa malamulo akupanga kuyesayesa kugwira oyendetsa galimoto ofooketsedwa, mwakugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zonga kufufuza kutsitsimuka kwa munthu pamsewu. Malamulo osiyanasiyana apangidwa kuchititsa anthu ogulitsa zoledzeretsa kukhala oyenerera kuzengedwa mlandu. Ngakhale zikwangwani zikugwiritsiridwa ntchito kuŵakumbutsa oyendetsa magalimoto za malamulo omwe alipowo.

Chiŵerengero cha Akufa Chikunka Chikwera

Mosasamala kanthu za kuyesayesa konseku, chiŵerengero cha imfa zochititsidwa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto utakhuta mowa chikunka chikwe-ra padziko lonse. Mu Brazil munthu mmodzi amaphedwa m’mphindi 21 zirizonse—okwanira 25,000 chaka chirichonse—m’ngozi zochititsidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Ndiko pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya ngozi zapamsewu zonse kumeneko. Ku Mangalande ndi Jeremani, pafupifupi ngozi yapamsewu imodzi mwa zisanu zonse yanenedwa kukhala yochititsidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Mu Mexico, mogwirizana ndi magwero ambiri, 80 peresenti ya ngozi zapamsewu 50,000 nzochititsidwa ndi ‘kuphophonya kwa anthu, kwakukulukulu kochititsidwa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto atakhuta mowa,’ inasimba tero El Universal ya mu Mzinda wa Mexico.

Kwayerekezedwa kuti imfa zangozi zapamsewu zoposa 25 peresenti mu South Africa zimaphatikizapo zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Mu United States pa avereji m’chaka, ngozi zochititsidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimatulukapo anthu ovulazidwa 650,000, pakati pa awa pafupifupi 40,000 amavulala kowopsa; anthu oposa 23,000 amaphedwa—pafupifupi theka la ngozi zapamsewu zonse.

Chifukwa cha kuthedwa nzeru kwa kufuna kuthetsa oyendetsa galimoto ofooketsedwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, Bungwe ya Minkhole ya DWI inalinganizidwa m’Boma la Washington, U.S.A. Iyo yakhala mbali ya njira yopereka chiweruzo pozenga ogwidwa ndi mlandu wa kuyendetsa galimoto atakhuta mowa. Programuyi tsopano ikugwiritsiridwa ntchito m’mbali zambiri zadzikolo. Cholinga chake nchakudziŵitsa aliŵongo zotulukapo zoipa za kumwa kwawo kopanda thayo. Aliŵongowo amaweruzidwa ndi makhoti kumvetsera kwa minkholeyo ndi ziŵalo za mabanja awo ndikudziŵitsidwa za mtengo woipitsitsa umene walipiridwa. Galamukani! inaitanidwa kukasanthula kukambirana kumodzi koteroko.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 4]

Dominic D. Massita, Sr./Accident Legal Photo Service of New York