Kuwonjezereka Kwakukulu kwa Zisudzulo
“BOKOSI LOIKAMO MAJUWELO A CHISUDZULO.” Mutu wankhani wachilendowo unali m’magazini otchuka a akazi posachedwapa. Nkhaniyo inasonkhezera kuti: “Chotero ukwati wanu wasweka ndipo mukudzimva wogwiritsidwa mwala. Bwanji osangoziiŵala ndi kusungunula majuwelo okumbutsa ukwatiwo.” Wopanga majuwelo amalola anthu osudzulana kubweretsa mphete zawo zachitomero ndi zaukwati kuti azisungunule ndi moto wake wosungunulira atalipiridwa. Kenako amaumba zokometsera zawozo mumpangidwe umene sumawakumbutsanso za maukwati awo oswekawo.
Masiku ano, ukwati, mofanana ndi ziŵiya, umawonedwa kuti umafika pakutha ntchito ndi kufunikira kutaidwa. ‘Ngati mwatopa nawo, tangoutayani’—ndiwo mkhalidwe wofala.
“Ukwati weniweni kulibenso masiku ano,” anatero Lorenz Wachinger, mlembi wotchuka, yemwenso ndikatswiri wa zamaganizo, ndi wothandiza anthu wa ku Munich, Jeremani. Kodi ndindemanga yosinjirira? Mwinamwake; koma sikovuta kuwona chifukwa chake amalingalira motero. Malinga ndi kunena kwa nyuzipepala ya Stuttgarter Zeitung, maukwati okwanira 130,000 amasweka m’Jeremani chaka chirichonse. Koma zisudzulo sizofala mu Jeremani mokha.
Chochitika Chapadziko Lonse
Mkhalidwe wofananawo ukufalikira m’maiko onse kuzungulira dziko. Mwachitsanzo, United States angatchedwe bwino lomwe kukhala malikulu a zisudzulo apadziko lonse. Chiŵerengero chapachaka cha zisudzulo chimaposa 1,160,000, kapena pafupifupi theka la chiŵerengero cha maukwati. Imeneyo ndi avareji ya zisudzulo ziŵiri pamphindi iriyonse tsiku lirilonse!
Pamene ziŵerengerozi ziyerekezeredwa ndi zakale, zimawonekera kukhala kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa zisudzulo. Zaka zana limodzi lokha zapitazo, panali chisudzulo 1 chokha pa maukwati 18 mu United States. Kusiyapo kuwonjezereka kwadzidzidzi kwa pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko ya II, chiŵerengerocho chinawonjezereka mwapang’onopang’ono kufikira m’ma 1960. Ndiyeno, m’zaka 25 zokha, chinaŵirikiza katatu!
M’ma 1980 (zaka zaposachedwapa zomwe ziŵerengero zodalirika ziripo), maiko kuzungulira dziko lonse anakhala ndi ziŵerengero zapamwamba za zisudzulo monga izi: Soviet Union, 940,000 pachaka; Japani, 178,000; United Kingdom, 159,000; Falansa, 107,000; Canada, 61,000; Australia, 43,000. Ngakhale kumalo kumene chipembedzo ndi malamulo zachepetsako chiŵerengero cha zisudzulo, mkhalidwewo ukusintha. Mwachitsanzo, ku Hong Kong kudakali chisudzulo 1 pa maukwati 17; koma chiŵerengero cha zisudzulo chinaŵirikiza kaŵiri pakati pa 1981 ndi 1987. Magazini a India Today anasimba kuti chitonzo chochititsidwa ndi chisudzulo chikutha pakati pa anthu achuma chapakati a ku India. Makhoti atsopano apangidwa m’maboma osiyanasiyana a ku India kuyesa kuchita ndi kuwonjezereka kwa milandu ya zisudzulo yomwe yawonjezeka kuchoka pa 100 peresenti kufika ku 328 peresenti m’zaka khumi zokha.
Ndithudi, ziŵerengerozi sizingasonyeze kusweka mtima kumene anthu ambiri amavutika nako. Momvetsa chisoni, chisudzulo chimakhudza pafupifupi tonsefe chifukwa chakuti ukwati umaloŵetsamo aliyense. Mothekera, ngati sindife okwatiwa kapena ana a makolo okwatirana, ndife mabwenzi a anthu okwatira. Choncho ngakhale ngati sitinavutikepo ndi chisudzulo, chiwopsezo chake chikhozabe kutichititsa mantha.
Kodi nchiyani chimene chikuchititsa zisudzulo zonsezi? Masinthidwe andale angakhale mbali imodzi ya yankholo. M’maiko ambiri ziletso za Boma zotsutsa chisudzulo—zomwe zinachirikizidwa kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi magulu achipembedzo okhala ndi chisonkhezero champhamvu—zatha m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Mwachitsanzo, m’ma 1980, Argentina analengeza kuchotsedwa kwa lamulo loletsa chisudzulo chalamulo. Mofananamo, Spanya ndi Italiya anavomereza chisudzulo chalamulo. Koma kusintha kwa lamulo koteroko sindiko kokha kumene kumawonjezera zisudzulo nthaŵi zonse.
Choncho chinachake choposa dongosolo la malamulo chiyenera kukhala kumbuyo kwa mliri wa chisudzulo wapadziko lonse. Mlembi Joseph Epstein anachitchula pamene analemba kuti sikale kwambiri pamene “kusudzulidwa kunasonyeza mwalamulo, kunena kwake titero, kuti munthuyo alibe umphumphu wamakhalidwe abwino.” Koma lerolino, iye akulemba kuti, “m’magulu ena a anthu, kusakhalapo ndi chisudzulo kumawonedwa kukhala kwachilendo; kwa otereŵa kukhala muukwati umodzi kumalingaliridwa kukhala kulephera kulingalira zabwino.”—Divorced in America.
Kunena m’mawu ŵena, maganizo enieni a anthu kulinga ku ukwati asintha. Ulemu ndi mantha omwe anali kuperekedwa ku kakonzedwe komwe kwanthaŵi yaitali kanalingaliridwa kukhala kopatulika zikutha. Chotero kuzungulira padziko lonse, chisudzulo chikukhala chovomerezeka. Chifukwa ninji? Kodi nchiyani chimene chikupangitsa anthu kuvomereza chinthu chomwe kale chinali kunyazitsa? Kodi ndiye kuti chisudzulo sichoipa konse?