Kugwira Ntchito—Zolimba Kodi Nkovulaza Thanzi Lanu?

ATAYEDZAMIRA pagalimoto lake, mwamuna wina wa zaka zapakatikati wosatsa malonda a inshuwalansi anasanza nagwera pansi. Chola chake chikali kumanja, chimene chinali chizindikiro cha ntchito yake. Akumagwira ntchito zolimba mosonkhezeredwa ndi mawu akampani yake akuti, “Ino ndiyo nthaŵi yofunika koposayo. Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zanu kufika pa 150 peresenti,” iye anali atayenda mtunda wa makilomita 3,000 m’galimoto lake m’mwezi umene anagwera pansiwo. Masiku anayi pambuyo pake, iyeyo anafa.

Komatu sichochitika chokhachi. “Antchito omenya nkhondo,” ameneŵa monga momwe amatchedwera ku Japan, amakhala m’mantha a karoshi, kapena imfa yochititsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito kopambana. Loya amene ali katswiri m’nkhani zotero akuyerekezera kuti pali “pafupifupi mikhole 30,000 ya karoshi ku Japan chaka chilichonse.” Mposadabwitsa kuti 40 peresenti ya anthu a ku Japan ogwira ntchito m’maofesi posachedwapa amene anafunsidwa anawopa kuthekera kwa imfa yochititsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito kopambanitsa.

Ngakhale kuti kungakhale kovuta kutsimikiza mgwirizano umene ulipo pakati pa kugwira ntchito kopambanitsa ndi mavuto a thanzi, mabanja a mikholeyo samakaikira kwambiri zimenezo. Kwenikweni, mawu akuti “imfa yochititsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito mopambanitsa” anapangidwa pazikalata zopempha kulipiridwa ndalama, zolembedwa ndi mabanja amasiye. “Pofotokoza m’lingaliro la zamankhwala,” akutero Tetsunojo Uehata wa ku Institute of Public Health ku Japan, “zimenezi zimatanthauza imfa kapena kupundulidwa kochititsidwa ndi cerebral apoplexy, myocardial infarction, kapena kulephera kwakukulu kwa kugwira ntchito kwa mtima monga chotulukapo chake cha ntchito yolemetsa kukumakulitsa kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mwazi kapena arteriosclerosis.” Lipoti lina laposachedwapa lolembedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi Ubwino wa Anthu wa ku Japan linachenjeza kuti ovataimu yosatha imabera munthu tulo ndipo potsirizira pake imachititsa thanzi loipa ndi matenda.

Komabe, monga momwe anthu osuta fodya samafunira kuvomereza upandu wa kusuta fodya, ndipo monga momwe zidakwa sizimafunira kuvomereza upandu wa kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, anthu omwerekera ndi ntchito amanyansidwa kwambiri ndi kuvomereza maupandu a kugwira ntchito kwa maola ambiri kosayenerako. Ndipo imfa sindiwo upandu wokha umene ulipo.

Kutopa ndi Ntchito ndi Kupsinjika Maganizo

Pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ena omwerekera ndi ntchito amakhala mikhole ya kupunduka ndi imfa, ena amakhala mikhole ya kutopa ndi ntchito. “Kutopa ndi ntchito kulibe mafotokozedwe enieni azamankhwala,” akufotokoza motero magazini otchedwa Fortune, “koma zizindikiro zovomerezedwa mofala zimaphatikizapo kulefuka, kusakondwa, kujomba kuntchito, kudwaladwala kowonjezereka, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mankhwala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.” Mikhole ina imakhala yaudani, pamene kuli kwakuti ina imayamba kuphophonyetsa zinthu mosasamala. Komabe, kodi ndimotani mmene anthu amakhalira mikhole ya kutopa ndi ntchito?

Kwenikweni, simunthu amene ali wopotoka maganizo kapena wovutika mtima amene amachita motero. Kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala anthu amene amasamalira kwambiri ntchito yawo. Angakhale akumenyera nkhondo kupambana mpikisano waukulu kapena kuvutikira malo apamwamba antchito. Amagwira ntchito zolimba kwa maola ambiri akumayesayesa kusamalira zinthu zonse pantchitoyo. Koma pamene kudzipereka kosasunthika ndi kugwira ntchito kosalekeza sikubala zipatso za chikhutiro choyembekezeredwa ndi mphoto, amagwiritsidwa mwala, amakhala othedwa mphamvu, ndipo amakhala mikhole ya kutopa ndi ntchito.

Kodi zotulukapo zake nzotani? Ku Tokyo gulu lotumikira patelefoni lotchedwa kuti Life Line, lolinganizidwa kuthandiza anthu amene angakhale ofuna kudzipha, limalandira telefoni mowonjezereka kuchokera kwa anthu a zaka zapakatikati ndi achikulire ogwira ntchito m’maofesi. Mwa mikhole yodzipha yoposa 25,000 ku Japan mu 1986, modabwitsa 40 peresenti ya amenewo anali m’zaka zawo za 40 ndi 50, ndipo 70 peresenti ya ameneŵa anali amuna. “Chili chifukwa chakuti kupsinjika maganizo pakati pa anthu a zaka zapakatikati ogwira ntchito kukuwonjezereka,” anadandaula motero Hiroshi Inamura, profesa wa zamaganizo.

Ndiyeno pali chimene chikutchedwa kuti kuvutika maganizo kwa patchuthi. Zizindikiro zake? Kunyong’onyeka pamatchuthi chifukwa cha kusachita kanthu kalikonse. Posonkhezeredwa ndi chikakamizo cha kugwira ntchito, chikumbumtima cha munthu wodzipereka pantchito chimamsautsa pamasiku osagwira ntchito. Pokhala wosakhoza kupeza mtendere wa maganizo, amangozungulira m’nyumba monga munthu wotsekeredwa m’ndende. Pamene tsiku Lolemba lifika, amamka kuntchito, napeza bwino.

Kupsinjika maganizo kwapadera kumene tsopano kukuchititsa ogwira ntchito achinyamata kukawonana ndi dokotala ndiko kumene kumatchedwa kuti kuwopa kukhala panyumba. Ogwira ntchito othedwa mphamvu amangozungulirazungulira pakantini ndi m’nyumba yomwera moŵa ataŵeruka. Potsirizira pake, amaleka kotheratu kupita kunyumba. Kodi nchifukwa ninji amawopa kubwerera kunyumba? Ngakhale kuti chochititsa chingakhale cha kusamveredwa chisoni ndi anzawo a muukwati, “ambiri akhala akugwira ntchito zolimba nataya kukhoza kwa kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu zozoloŵereka, makamaka ndi mabanja awo,” akutero Dr. Toru Sekiya, amene amagwira ntchito ya “Night Hospital System” kaamba ka odwala otero.

Moyo wa Banja Umawonongeka

Munthu womwerekera ndi ntchito sangakhale amene amavutika koposa. Kumwerekera ndi ntchito “kaŵirikaŵiri kumakhala vuto lalikulu kwa anthu amene amakhala ndi munthu womwerekera ndi ntchitoyo,” akutero magazini otchedwa Entrepreneur. Moyo wa mnzawo wa muukwati ungasinthidwe kukhala wovuta. Womwerekera ndi ntchitoyo “amakhala atapeza kale zokonda moyo wake,” akutero magazini otchedwa kuti The Bulletin a ku Sydney, Australia, “ndipo kuvomereza chinthu chinanso chachiŵiri nthaŵi zonse nkovuta.” Kodi nchiyani chimene chimachitika m’maukwati otero?

Tiyeni titenge nkhani ya Larry, nzika ya ku Amereka yolembedwa ntchito ndi kampani ya ku Japan imene ili mu United States. Iyeyu ankagwira ntchito kwamaola ambiri a ovataimu popanda malipiro, akumawonjezera kupangidwa kwa zinthu m’fakitale ndi 234 peresenti. Kodi zimenezi zinadzetsa chipambano ndi chimwemwe? “Misala yokhayokha basi!” anatero mkazi wake m’bwalo la milandu pamene ankamsudzula.

Choipa kwambiri kuposa zimenezo chinali chakuti mkulu wina wa mabizinesi wa ku Japan amene amapita kuntchito 5 koloko mmaŵa uliwonse sankafika panyumba 9 koloko yausiku isanakwane. Mkazi wake anayamba kumwa moŵa mopambanitsa. Tsiku lina, mkangano utabuka chifukwa cha kumwetsa kwakeko, mwamunayo ananyonga mkazi wakeyo. Woweruza mlandu anamlengeza kukhala waliŵongo la kupha munthu ndipo anati: “Unangodzipereka pantchito yako, sunasamale kusukidwa kwa mkazi wako ndipo sunayeseyese mokwanira kumkondweretsa m’moyo.”

Kunyonga mnzanu wa muukwati ndiko chotulukapo chonkitsa, koma kugwira ntchito monkitsa kungawononge moyo wa banja mwanjira zina. Pamene mwamuna amakhala panyumba pa Sande, iye angangokhala ali m’chipinda chochezera namawonerera maseŵera ake okondedwa pawailesi ya kanena ndi kumwerekera masana onse. Amuna ameneŵa samazindikira mmene akhalira atatalikirana ndi zinthu zina m’moyo. Atalemetsedwa ndi ntchito yawo, amanyalanyaza chinthu china cha mtengo wapatali koposa m’moyo, banja lawo. Ponyalanyaza kufunika kwa kukambitsirana m’banja, iwo amakhala akuyembekezeredwa ndi moyo wosukidwa atapuma pantchito.

Achikulire Koma Osakhutiritsidwa

Buku lakuti At Work linapereka chenjezo m’mawu ake oyamba kuti: “M’chitaganya chathu, . . . mgwirizano umene uli pakati pa ntchito, kudzilemekeza ndi malo a m’chitaganya ngwamphamvu kwakuti, panthaŵi ya kupuma pantchito, ena amawona kukhala kovuta kwambiri kusintha kuti akhale omasuka kuntchito yawo yapapitapo.” Awo amene amazika moyo wawo pantchito ayenera kudzifunsa funso ili: ‘Kodi ndidzatsala nchiyani ngati ntchito yanga itatha?’ Kumbukirani, pamene munthu apuma pantchito, moyo wake ungasumikidwe pabanja lake ndi anthu omzinga.

Anthu amene amanyalanyaza kufunika kwa kukambitsirana ndi banja ndi anansi amasoŵa chonena atapumitsidwa pantchito. “Amatuta zotulukapo za kukana kwawo kusamalira kanthu kena kuposa ntchito, sichoncho kodi?” akutero phungu wina wakale wa anthu okwatira a zaka zapakatikati ku Japan. “Moyo wawo unasoŵa umunthu, anawona zonse mwawamba kokha chifukwa chakuti anali opezera zosoŵa za banja. Komabe, pamene anapumitsidwa pantchito, mkhalidwewo unasintha.”

Zaka 30 kapena 40 za kugwira ntchito zolimbako, konenedwa kukhala kaamba ka banja, zingakhale ndi zipatso zoipa. Nzomvetsa chisoni chotani nanga ngati pambuyo pa zaka za kugwira ntchito zolimba kumene, wopezera zosoŵa za banja amenewo awonedwa ngati “chinyalala cha kuindastale” ndi nureochiba (masamba akugwa onyoŵa) ndi mabanja awo. Mawu omalizawo amagwiritsiridwa ntchito ku Japan kufotokoza mmene aliri amuna opuma pantchito amene alibe chochita koma amangokhala ndi akazi awo tsiku lonse. Motero iwo amafanizidwa ndi masamba akugwa onyoŵa amene amamatirira kutsache ndipo sangatheke kusansidwa, amangokhala onyong’onya.

Polingalira za maupandu onse ophatikizidwa, kuli kwachibadwa kufunsa kuti, Kodi ndimotani mmene kugwira ntchito zolimba kungakhaliredi kwabwino? Kodi pali ntchito imene imadzetsa chikhutiro chenicheni? Nkhani yathu yotsatira mumpambo uno ikuyankha funso limeneli.

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Chenjezo la Panthaŵi Yake

“Ngati mwamuna wanu aleka kumva njala, avutika ndi kusoŵa tulo, akana kulankhula, pamenepo iye akusonyeza zizindikiro. Muuzeni kuti akondwere ndi zinthu zina koposa ntchito ndipo ayese kumacheza ndi anthu wamba.”—Dr. Toru Sekiya, Sekiya Neurology Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.

“Ndimakonda kugwira ntchito maola ambiri, koma ngati munthuwe uti utayikiridwe ndi mwamuna wako kapena banja chifukwa cha ntchito, ukuchita zinthu molakwa. Kusoŵa wogaŵana naye chuma nkomvetsa chisoni.”—Mary Kay Ash, tcheyamani wa Mary Kay Cosmetics.

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Nthaŵi zina kuthedwa mphamvu ndi ntchito kumachititsa mavuto aakulu