Makoma Opinga Kulankhulana
ROBERT ndi mmishonale wa Watch Tower amene amakhala ku Sierra Leone, West Africa. Tsiku lina atangofika m’dzikoli, pamene anali kuyenda panjira, anaona ana akomweko akuimba kuti: “Mzungu! Mzungu!” Robert, amene ndi Mmereka wakuda, anaunguzaunguza kuti aone mzungu, koma kunalibe aliyense. Ndiyeno anazindikira kuti anawo anali kukuwirira iye!
Kuimba kwawo sikunali kwachipongwe. Anawo anali kungosonyeza kuti anadziŵa kuti Robert anachokera ku dziko la chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi chawo. Iwo anaganiza kuti njira yabwino koposa yosonyezera kusiyana kumeneko inali kutcha Robert mzungu.
Mmene Chikhalidwe Chimakhudzira Umunthu Wathu
Mwachisawawa chikhalidwe chafotokozedwa kukhala “mpambo wa malingaliro ofanana, . . . miyambo, zikhulupiriro, ndi chidziŵitso zimene zimasonyezedwa m’moyo.” Timadziŵa malango ambiri a chikhalidwe mwa kuphunzitsidwa, komanso timatengera ochuluka popanda kudziŵa. Wofufuza wina anati: “Kuchokera pa kubadwa [kwa mwana] miyambo imene amabadwiramo imaumba nzeru zake ndi khalidwe. Podzafika nthaŵi imene akhoza kulankhula, iye amakhala kacholengedwa kokhala ndi chikhalidwe chake, ndipo atakula ndi kukhala wokhoza kutengamo mbali m’zochitika [za chikhalidwe], zizoloŵezi [za chikhalidwe] zimakhala zizoloŵezi zake, zikhulupiriro [za chikhalidwe] zimakhala zikhulupiriro zake, zosatheka [za chikhalidwe] zimakhala zosatheka kwa iye.”
M’njira zambiri chikhalidwe chimatipeputsira moyo. Pamene tili ana timadziŵa msanga mmene tingakondweretsere makolo athu. Kudziŵa zimene zimaloledwa kwathu ndi zimene sizimaloledwa kumatithandiza kupanga zosankha ponena za kachitidwe kathu, zovala, ndi mmene tingamvanirane ndi ena.
Inde, umunthu wathu sumangodalira pa chikhalidwe chimene tinakuliramo. M’chikhalidwe chilichonse anthu amasiyanasiyana. Umunthu wathu umaumbidwanso ndi majini, zotichitikira m’moyo, ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Chikhalirechobe, chikhalidwe ndicho njira imene timaoneramo dziko.
Mwachitsanzo, chikhalidwe chathu chimatisankhira chinenero chathu ndiponso mmene timachilankhulira. Kumadera ena a ku Middle East, anthu amalemekeza kwambiri nzeru ya kulankhula mwaluso ndi mawu ochuluka, kubwereza mawu ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mafanizo. Komabe, anthu akumaiko ena ku Far East amalankhula pang’ono. Mwambi wachijapani umasonyeza zimenezi: “Ndi kamwa lako udzawonongedwa.”
Chikhalidwe chathu chimalamulira mmene timaonera nthaŵi. Ku Switzerland ngati wachedwa ndi mphindi khumi, uyenera kupepesa. M’maiko ena ungachedwe ndi ola limodzi kapena aŵiri ndipo samakuyembekezera kupepesa.
Chikhalidwe chathu chimatiphunzitsanso malango. Taganizirani mmene mungamvere wina atakuuzani kuti: “Komatu mukunenepa. Mwakulupala zedi!” Ngati munakulira m’chikhalidwe cha mu Afirika mmene amakonda kunenepa, mosakayikira mudzakondwa nawo mawuwo. Koma ngati munakulira m’chikhalidwe cha Kumadzulo kumene amakonda kwambiri kuwonda, mawu osabisawo adzakuputani mosakayikira.
‘Njira Yathu Ndiyo Yabwino Koposa!’
Chimene nthaŵi zambiri chimaletsa kulankhulana pakati pa awo osiyana chikhalidwe ndicho chakuti anthu kulikonse amakonda kuganiza kuti chikhalidwe chawo nchabwinopo. Ife ambiri timaganiza kuti zikhulupiriro zathu, miyezo, miyambo, kavalidwe, ndi malingaliro athu ponena za kukongola ndizo zolondola, zoyenera, ndi zabwino kuposa zina zilizonse. Timakondanso kuweruza chikhalidwe cha ena malinga ndi miyezo ya fuko lathu. Kulingalira kotero kumatchedwa ethnocentrism (ganizo lakuti fuko lako nlopambana). The New Encyclopædia Britannica ikuti: “Ganizo lakuti fuko lako nlopambana . . . linganenedwe kukhala la onse. Anthu a chikhalidwe chilichonse padziko lonse amaona moyo wawo kukhala woposa ngakhale uja wa achinansi apafupi kwambiri.”
Zaka mazana aŵiri zapitazo, squire wachingelezi anatchula nkhaniyo mosapita m’mbali, akumati: “[Malinga ndi] kuona kwanga, alendo ndi zitsiru.” Mkonzi wa buku la mawu onenedwa limene mumapezeka mawu ameneŵa analemba kuti: “[Limeneli] lakhala lingaliro lokhudza pafupifupi onse kuchokera pamene ananenedwa.”
Pali zitsanzo zochuluka za kusalolerana kwa anthu osiyana chikhalidwe. Ngakhale kuti poyamba analembedwa ndi wolemba manovelo wachijeremani m’ma 1930, nthaŵi zambiri amati amene anakamba mawu otsatira anali mtsogoleri wa Nazi Hermann Göring: “Ndikamva liwu lakuti chikhalidwe, ndimatenga mfuti yanga.”
Malingaliro amphamvu akuti fuko lako nlopambana angachititse tsankhu, limenenso lingachititse udani ndi kulimbana. Richard Goldstone ndi loya wa International Criminal Tribunal yofufuza maupandu a nkhondo ku Rwanda ndi ku dziko lomwe kale linali Yugoslavia. Ponena za nkhalwe yochitika pakulimbana konse kuŵiri, iye anati: “Zimenezi zingachitike kulikonse. Pano tili ndi maiko aŵiri osiyana, osiyana chikhalidwe ndi mbiri, koma nkhanza zofanana [zi]kuchitidwa ndi anansi kwa anansi awo. Mtundu umenewu wa nkhondo yankhalwe ya mafuko kapena yachipembedzo wangokhala tsankhu limene lakula kusanduka chiwawa. Kagulu kovutidwa sikamayesedwa anthu ndipo mwina kamayesedwa kaziŵanda. Zimenezi zitachitika, anthu wamba amataya kudziletsa kumene mwachibadwa kungawaletse kuchita zinthu zowopsa zimenezo.”
Kufutukula Kapenyedwe Kathu
Kaŵirikaŵiri anthu amene timasankha kukhala mabwenzi athu ndi aja amene afanana kwambiri ndi ife, anthu amene maganizo awo ndi makhalidwe zifanana ndi zathu. Timawakhulupirira ndi kuwamvetsetsa. Timakhala omasuka titakhala pamodzi nawo. Ngati tiganiza kuti khalidwe la munthu wina nlachilendo kapena losayenera, mabwenzi athu mwinamwake adzavomerezana nafe chifukwa mabwenzi athu ali ndi maganizo athu olakwika amodzimodzi.
Pamenepo, kodi tingapindulenji mwa kulankhulana ndi ena, amene asiyana nafe chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo? Kwenikweni, kulankhulana kwabwino kudzatithandiza kudziŵa zifukwa zimene ena amaganizira ndi kuchitira zinthu mosiyana nafe. Kunle, wa ku West Africa, akuti: “Ana ambiri m’Afirika amawaletseratu kulankhula pakudya. Komabe, m’maiko ena a ku Ulaya, amalimbikitsa kulankhula pakudya. Kodi nchiyani chimachitika pamene mzungu akudya chakudya pamodzi ndi wakuda? Mzungu amangodabwa chifukwa chake wakudayo amaoneka ngati akusinkhasinkha pa chakudya osalankhula. Nthaŵi imodzimodziyo, wakudayo amakhala akudabwa chifukwa chake mzunguyo angolongolola ngati mbalame yolira!” Ndithudi, m’mikhalidwe yotero, kudziŵa za chikhalidwe cha wina ndi mnzake kungathandize kwambiri kuthetsa tsankhu la kakhalidwe.
Pamene tayamba kudziŵa anthu a chikhalidwe china, sitimangowonjezera chidziŵitso chathu ponena za iwo komanso timadzidziŵa bwino ife eni. Katswiri wa zakakhalidwe ka anthu analemba kuti: “Chinthu chimene cholengedwa chokhala pansi pa nyanja chimatsirizira kudziŵa ndicho madzi. Chimayamba kudziŵa kuti iwo aliko kokha ngati zangochitika kuti chabwera pamwamba pa madziwo ndi kuchimvetsa mphepo. . . . Luso la kuona chikhalidwe cha chitaganya chako chonse . . . limafuna mlingo wa kuchita zinthu popanda kukondera umene umapezeka kamodzikamodzi ngati umatero nkomwe.” Chikhalirechobe, mwa kudziŵa za chikhalidwe cha ena, timakhala ngati cholengedwa chokhala m’nyanja chimene chimadziŵa mphepo; timadziŵa “madzi” a chikhalidwe amene tikukhalamo. Mlembi Thomas Abercrombie anafotokoza nkhaniyo bwino lomwe kuti: “Amene sakopeka ndi chikhalidwe cha alendo sadzazindikira maunyolo a chake.”
Mwachidule, kuzindikira chikhalidwe cha ena kungalemeretse moyo wathu mwa kufutukula kapenyedwe kathu, kuti tidzimvetsetse ife eni ndi ena. Pamene choloŵa cha chikhalidwe ndi ganizo lakuti fuko lako nlopambana zingakhale makoma oletsa kulankhulana, siziyenera kukhala choncho. Makoma amenewo angagwetsedwe.
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]
“Anthu a chikhalidwe chilichonse padziko lonse amaona moyo wawo kukhala woposa ngakhale uja wa achinansi apafupi kwambiri.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica
[Chithunzi patsamba 7]
Tingaphunzire kukonda zinthu zabwino za chikhalidwe cha ena
[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 6]
Dziko Lapansi: Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1995 Digital Wisdom, Inc.