Kodi N’chikonzero cha Mulungu Kapena Zangochitika?

NYUZIPEPALA ya The International Herald Tribune inati: “Zinachitika monga mmene zinakonzedwera pachiyambi, ambiri anafa koma ena anatsala.” Chaka chathachi, pamene zigaŵenga zinaukira ma ofesi a kazembe wa dziko la America ku Kenya ndi ku Tanzania, zinapha anthu pafupifupi 200 ndipo ambiri anangovulala. Nyuzipepalayo inati: “Komabe, akuluakulu mwa akazembewo anadalitsidwa chifukwa panthaŵiyo iwo anali atachokapo.”

Amenewo anapulumuka chifukwa anali pamsonkhano m’chipinda cha nyumba ina kutali ndi pamene panaphulitsidwa bombapo. Koma m’modzi wa akuluakulu mu ofesi ya kazembeyo, yemwe anafunikira kukhala nawo pamsonkhanopo koma sanakhalepo, anali pamalo ena chapafupi ndi pamene panaphulikira bomba, ndiye anafa.

Nyuzipepalayo inatinso: “Arlene Kirk nayenso zinthu zinakonzedweratu kuti zidzam’chitikira mopweteka.” Iyeyo, pobwerera ku Kenya kuchokera kutchuthi, anaganiza kuti asakwere ndege imene anayenera kukwera chifukwa inali itadzaza. Komabe, anthu ena analolera kutsala, kuti iyeyo akwerebe ndegeyo. Choncho tsiku limene anabwerera kuntchito ku ofesi ya kazembe, n’limene panaphulitsidwa bomba, moti iye anafa.

Tsoka si chinthu chodabwitsa kwa munthu. Komabe, kufotokoza chimene chimachititsa tsoka n’kovuta. Nthaŵi zonse, pangozi zochitika padziko lonse lapansi, ena amafa koma ena amapulumuka. Komabe, si kuti panthaŵi yatsoka pokha m’pamene ena amadzifunsa kuti, ‘N’chifukwa chiyani zandichitikira ineyo?’ Ngakhale zinthu zabwino zopezeka m’moyo, ena amaoneka kuti ali ndi mwayi wotha kuzipeza kuposa anzawo. Pamene ambiri moyo wawo n’ngovutikira, ena zinthu zimangowayendera bwino. Kodi tinganene kuti zonsezi zinakonzedweratu pachiyambi? N’chifukwa chake mungafunse kuti, ‘Kodi mwina kungakhale kwakuti zonsezi zinakonzedweratu mwa njira ina? Kodi moyo wanga umadalira pa mmene zinthu zinakonzedweratu pachiyambi?’

Kufunafuna Mayankho

Zaka 3,000 zapitazo, mfumu ina yanzeru inaona kuti panali zinthu zina zimene zinali kuchitika mwadzidzidzi. Zochitika mwa njira imeneyo anazifotokoza motere: “Nthaŵi ndi zochitika zosadziŵika zimawagwera iwo onse.” (Mlaliki 9:11, NW) Nthaŵi zina zinthu zimachitika mwadzidzidzi. Osadziŵanso ngakhale pang’ono kuti zingachitike. Zochitika zachilendo, zabwino ndi zoipa zomwe, kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika malinga ndi nthaŵi.

Komabe, mwina inu mumaganiza monga amaganizira ena amene, m’malo mofotokoza kuti zinthu zimachitika zokha, amaona kuti pali mphamvu ina imene imazichititsa—chikonzero. Chikhulupiriro chakuti zinthu zinakonzedweratu n’chakale kwambiri ndipo n’chofala pazikhulupiriro zonse za munthu zachipembedzo.a Polofesa François Jouan, mkulu wa sukulu yofufuza za nthanthi pa Yunivesite ya ku Paris, anati: “Palibe nyengo iliyonse kapena anthu amene sanakhulupirirepo kuti pali mulungu amene amalemberatu zimene zidzachitikira munthu aliyense. . . wofotokoza zonse zosafotokozeka pamoyo wathu.” N’chifukwa chake si chachilendo kumva anthu akuti: “Siinali nthaŵi yake yakufa,” kapena kuti, “Zinakonzedwa kuti zidzakhale choncho.” Koma kodi chikonzero n’chiyani?

Kutanthauzira Chikonzero

Liwu lachingelezi lakuti “fate” limene ife tikuti “chikonzero,” linachokera pa liwu lachilatini, lakuti fatum, kutanthauza “kulengeza ulosi, vumbulutso lochokera kwa mulungu, chigamulo cha mulungu.” Ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina anthu amaganiza kuti ndi mphamvu ina chabe imene imachititsa kuti m’tsogolo zinthu zina zichitike mosapeŵeka ndi mosadziŵika bwino, kaŵirikaŵiri anthu amaganiza kuti mphamvuyo ndi mulungu winawake.

Wolemba mbiri ya zachipembedzo, Helmer Ringgren anafotokoza kuti: “Imodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu pa zachipembedzo ndiyo kukhulupirira kuti ‘tsogolo’ la munthu lili ndi tanthauzo ndipo silimangochitika mwamwayi, koma kuti limagamulidwa ndi mphamvu ina, imene tinganene kuti imasankha chochita kapena kuti imakhala n’cholinga.” Ngakhale kuti ena amakhulupirira kuti angathe kusintha pang’ono zochitika m’moyo wawo, koma ambiri amaona kuti anthu ali ngati nkhomo zoseŵerera bawo zimene sizingathe kuchita chilichonse anthu akamaziseŵerera bawoyo. Ndiye kenaka ‘zinthu zimachitika monga momwe mwa chikonzero.’

Akatswiri a zaumulungu limodzi ndi afilosofi ena akhala akuyesayesa kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuti afotokoze tanthauzo la chikonzero. Buku lotchedwa The Encyclopedia of Religion linati: “Lingaliro la chikonzero, ngakhale kuti limamvetsetsedwa mosiyanako m’zinenero zosiyanasiyana, limakhala ngati tanthauzo lake lalikulu m’zinenero zonsezo n’la chinsinsi.” Komabe, pamaganizo onse osiyanasiyana amene anthu ali nawo, mfundo yaikulu n’njakuti pali wamphamvu amene akuyendetsa zochita za anthu. Mphamvu imeneyi imaganiziridwa kuti ndiyo imakonzeratu za m’tsogolo mwa wina aliyense ndi mwa mitundu ya anthu, kuti zochitika za m’tsogolo zikhale zosapeŵeka monga mmene zilili zochitika zammbuyo.

Chimene Chimachititsa Kukhulupirira Zimenezi

Kodi zili n’ntchito ngati mumakhulupirira kuti zinthu n’zokozedweratu? Wafilosofi wina wachingelezi, Bertrand Russell, analemba kuti: “Zochitika m’moyo wa anthu zimasintha chikhulupiriro chawo, koma chikhulupiriro cha anthuwo chimasinthanso zochitika m’moyo wawo.”

Ndithudi, kukhulupirira kuti zinthu n’zokonzedweratu—kaya zilidi choncho kapena ayi—kungasonkhezere zochita zathu. Poti ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chimenecho n’chifuniro cha milungu, amangololera chilichonse chimene chingawachitikire—kaya n’chosalungama kapena chozunza—amangololera ngati kuti ndimo mmene zinthu zinayenera kuchitikira m’moyo wawo, kuti palibe chimene chingasinthe. Choncho, anthu akamakhulupirira kuti zinthu n’zokonzedweratu, sasamalanso zochita zawo.

Koma mbali inayi, kukhulupirira kuti zinthu n’zokonzedweratu kwawasintha anthu mwa njira ina. Mwachitsanzo, olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti pali zifukwa zingapo zimene m’mbuyomo zinachititsa anthu kuyamba m’chitidwe wogulitsana malonda, wotchedwa capitalism ndi wogwiritsa ntchito makina m’mafakitale, wotchedwa Industrial Revolution. Chifukwa china chinali chikhulupiriro chakuti Mulungu anakonzeratu kuti zinthu zidzakhale choncho. Zipembedzo zina zachipolotesitanti zinali kuphunzitsa kuti Mulungu anasankhiratu anthu amene adzapulumuke. Katswiri wina wachijeremani wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu, Max Weber, anati: “Nthaŵi ina m’tsogolo muno, munthu aliyense wokhulupirira adzakhala akudzifunsa funso lakuti, Kodi ndine mmodzi wa osankhidwawo?” Anthu anali kufuna kudziŵiratu ngati Mulungu wawadalitsa, kufuna kudziŵiratu ngati zinakonzedwa kale kuti adzapulumuka. Weber anati anthuwo anachita zimenezo kudzera mwa “ntchito zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku.” Anthu anali kuona ngati kuti malonda awo akamawayendera bwino ndiye kuti n’chizindikiro chakuti Mulungu akuwayanja.

Chikhulupiriro chakuti zinthu n’zokonzedweratu chapangitsa ena kuchita zachilendo. Pankhondo yachiŵiri yadziko lonse, oyendetsa ndege odziphera momwemo a ku Japan, anali kukhulupirira kamikaze, kapena kuti “mphepo ya mulungu.” Chikhulupiriro chakuti milungu ili ndi cholinga chinachake ndi kuti anthu angathandizire kukwaniritsa cholinga chimenecho, chapangitsa anthu kudzipha mochititsa mantha chifukwa cha chipembedzo. Odziphera limodzi pophulitsa mabomba ku Middle East, kaŵirikaŵiri amasiya mbiri yaikulu ya kuukira kwawo koopsa. Buku lina la maumboni linati, Ambiri amene “amaukira ena moika moyo wawo pachiswe atasonkhezeredwa ndi chipembedzo,” amakhulupirira kwambiri kuti imfa yawo n’njokonzedweratu.”

Koma kodi n’chifukwa chiyani pali anthu ambiri chonchi okhulupirira kuti zinthu n’zokonzedweratu? Tatiyeni tione pang’ono mmene zinayambira kuti tipeze yankho.

[Mawu a M’munsi]