TIONE ZAKALE

Dziko la Spain Linathamangitsa a Morisco

Anthu ena amati pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomvetsa chisoni zomwe dziko la Spain linachitira Asilamu, zinachitika chifukwa cha tchalitchi cha Katolika. Werengani nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zimene zinachitika.

MAFUMU a ku Spain ankafuna kuti dziko lawo likhale lachikhristu ndiponso kuti anthu onse azikhulupirira zinthu zofanana. Anthu a ku Spain ankaona kuti anthu otchedwa a Morisco ndi otsika komanso osafunika ndipo Mulungu sasangalala nawo. Iwo ankaona kuti si bwino kukhala ndi anthuwa, choncho patatha zaka zambiri dziko la Spain linaganiza zongowathamangitsa.a

ANAWAKAKAMIZA KUTI AKHALE AKATOLIKA

Kwa zaka zambiri, Asilamu a mtundu wa Mudéjar ankakhala mwamtendere ku Spain m’madera amene anali m’manja mwa Akatolika. Ndipo m’madera ena munali malamulo omwe ankapatsa anthuwa ufulu wotsatira malamulo komanso miyambo ya chipembedzo chawo.

Koma mu 1492, Mfumu Ferdinand Wachiwiri ndi Mfumukazi Isabella, omwe anali Akatolika, anagonjetsa dera lotchedwa Granada lomwe linkalamuliridwa ndi Asilamu. Derali linali mbali ya chilumba cha Iberia, ndipo linali lomalizira kulandidwa. Mofanana ndi anthu a mtundu wa Mudéjar aja, anthu a m’derali nawonso ankaloledwa kutsatira malamulo komanso miyambo ya chipembedzo chawo. Komabe pasanapite nthawi, atsogoleri a Katolika a m’madera onse anayamba kuletsa Asilamu kutsatira malamulo ndi miyambo ya chipembedzo chawo ndipo ankawakakamiza kuti alowe Chikatolika. Asilamuwa sanagwirizane ndi zimenezi ndipo mu 1499 anaukira boma la Spain. Zitatere asilikali a boma analowererapo ndipo anathetsa mkanganowu. Koma pasanapite nthawi, Asilamu anayamba kukakamizidwa kuti ayambe Chikatolika ndipo akakana ankawathamangitsa m’dzikomo. Anthu a ku Spain ankatchula Asilamu amene alowa Chikatolika kuti a Morisco.

“ANALI AKATOLIKA DZINA LOKHA KOMANSO SANALI NZIKA ZABWINO”

Pofika mu 1526, chipembedzo chachisilamu chinali choletsedwa m’dziko lonse la Spain ndipo Asilamu anakakamizidwa kulowa Chikatolika. Komabe Asilamu ambiri ankachita zinthu zokhudza chipembedzo chawo mobisa komanso ankatsatirabe miyambo ya chikhalidwe chawo.

Choncho ngakhale kuti a Morisco anavomera kuti akhala Akatolika, anali Akatolika dzina lokha. Anthu a ku Spain sankagwirizana ndi zimenezi komabe sanawachite chilichonse chifukwa a Morisco ankalipira misonkho komanso ankagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ntchitozi zinkatukula dziko la Spain. Komabe zimene a Morisco ankachitazi, zomachitabe zinthu zokhudza chipembedzo chawo, zinkapangitsa kuti boma komanso anthu ena aziwasala. Chinanso chimene chinapangitsa kuti azisalidwa n’choti zimene ankachita akapita ku tchalitchi zinkakayikitsa ngati analidi Akatolika enieni.

Koma patapita nthawi, anthu a ku Spain anatopa ndi zochita za a Morisco ndipo anayamba kuwakakamiza kuti azitsatira miyambo yonse yachikatolika. Mu 1567, Mfumu Philip Wachiwiri anakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa a Morisco kuti asamalankhulenso chinenero chawo. Lamuloli linaletsanso kavalidwe komanso miyambo yawo. Zimenezi zinapangitsa kuti zipolowe ziyambirenso ndipo anthu ambiri anaphedwa.

A Morisco pafupifupi 300,000 anazunzidwa koopsa kenako anawathamangitsa m’dziko la Spain

Malinga ndi zimene akatswiri a mbiri yakale ananena, mafumu a ku Spain ankaona kuti a Morisco “anali akatolika dzina lokha komanso sanali nzika zabwino.” Pa chifukwa chimenechi mafumuwa anayamba kuimba mlandu a Morisco woti ankagwirizana ndi adani a dziko la Spain, zigawenga zapanyanja komanso Apulotesitanti a ku France ndi a ku Turkey. Ankati a Morisco ankachita zimenezi n’cholinga choti alande dziko la Spain. Popeza anthu a ku Spain ankadana ndi a Morisco komanso ankaopa kuti akhoza kuukira boma, mu 1609 Mfumu Philip Yachitatu inakhazikitsa lamulo loti anthuwa athamangitsidwe.b Choncho, anthuwa anayambadi kuthamangitsidwa m’dzikoli ndiponso ankazunzidwa kwambiri. Kenako dziko lonse la Spain linakhala lachikatolika.

a Anthu a ku Spain ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti a Morisco monyoza, ponena za Asilamu omwe anayamba Chikatolika. Ufumu womaliza wachisilamu utagonjetsedwa mu 1492, anthuwa anayamba kukhala pachilumba cha Iberia. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale akamanena za anthuwa amagwiritsanso ntchito mawu omwewa, koma osati monyoza.

b Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti mfumu ina ya ku Spain inalemera kwambiri chifukwa cholanda minda ya a Morisco.

DZIWANI IZI

Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 700 C.E., Asilamu a m’mayiko a kumpoto kwa Africa komanso a m’mayiko a Aluya, analanda mbali yaikulu ya chilumba cha Iberia. Panopa chilumbachi chapangidwa ndi dziko la Spain komanso Portugal.
Asilikali akatolika anayamba kulandanso pang’onopang’ono madera amene Asilamu analanda ndipo anamalizira ndi kulanda dera la Granada mu 1492.
Mu 1492, Mfumu Ferdinand komanso Mfumukazi Isabella, anathamangitsa Ayuda onse amene anakana kukhala Akatolika mu ufumu wawo. M’zaka za m’ma 1500, Asilamu amene anayamba Chikatolika komanso mbumba zawo ankazunzidwa ndiponso kusamutsidwira m’madera ena. Kenako kuyambira mu 1609 mpaka mu 1614, Asilamu onse amene anayamba Chikatolika anathamangitsidwa.
A Morisco pafupifupi 300,000 anazunzidwa kwambiri ndipo kenako anawathamangitsa m’dziko la Spain. Zikuoneka kuti anthu pafupifupi 10,000 amene ankakana kuchoka m’dzikoli anaphedwa.

Ankafuna Kuti M’dzikoli Mutsale Akatolika Okhaokha

Juan de Ribera, bishopu wamkulu wa ku Valencia, anagwirizana ndi zoti anthu otchedwa a Morisco athamangitsidwe

Popeza a Morisco ankagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zotukula dziko la Spain, n’zosakayikitsa kuti chuma cha dzikoli chinasokonekera anthuwa atathamangitsidwa. Koma kuchoka kwa a Morisco kunapangitsa kuti kukhosi kwa anthu a m’dzikoli kuyere. Mabuku a mbiri yakale amanena kuti anthu ambiri a ku Spain sankasangalala ndi zoti azikhala ndi a Morisco chifukwa chakuti ankaona kuti chipembedzo chawo n’chosaloleka. Pa nthawi yonse imene a Morisco ankakhala m’dzikoli, anthu a ku Spain “ankada nawo kukhosi ndipo ankawaona kuti akuchititsa manyazi dziko lonse.” A Morisco onse atatha m’dzikoli, anthu onse anasangalala kwambiri chifukwa ankaona kuti tsopano m’dzikoli mwatsala anthu omwe analidi Akatolika.