Phunziro 26

Ntchito ya Kubwereza ndi Manja

1-3. N’chifukwa chiyani kubwereza kuli luso lofunika pophunzitsa?

¹ Cholinga chanu polankhula chiyenera kukhala choti omvetsera anu adziŵe kanthu kena kamene adzakumbukira ndi kukagwiritsa ntchito. Ngati akaiŵala, phindu lake limatayika. Imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zimene mungawathandizire kukhomereza m’maganizo zimene mwanena ndiyo kubwereza mfundo zofunika kwambiri. Pali kunena kwina kumene amati ‘kubwereza ndi mayi wa kukumbukira.’ Kubwereza ndi limodzi mwa maluso ofunika kwambiri ophunzitsira. Mwaphunzira kale phindu lake pogwiritsa ntchito malemba. Koma “Kubwereza kogogomeza” kwalembedwa pakokha pasilipi lanu la Uphungu wa Kulankhula chifukwa kumakhudzanso mbali zina za nkhani yanu.

² Pofuna kukuthandizani kukhala waluso pakubwereza mawu ogogomeza, tidzakambirana mfundoyi m’mbali ziŵiri zolekana. Iliyonse imasonyeza njira yosiyana yobwerezera mawu; ndipo iliyonse ili ndi cholinga chosiyana. Kubwereza mfundo zazikulu kumathandiza kukumbukira. Kubwereza mfundo zimene sizinamveke kumathandiza kumveketsa.

³ Popenda mfundo imeneyi si bwino kungoganiza za kalankhulidwe kake komanso kakonzekeredwe. Muyenera kudziŵiratu pasadakhale maganizo oyenera kuwabwereza komanso nthaŵi yabwino yowabwereza.

4-6. Longosolani mmene kufotokoza kwachidule “kopitiriza nkhani” ndi kufotokoza kwachidule “komaliza nkhani” kungagwiritsidwire ntchito pobwereza mfundo zazikulu.

⁴ Kubwereza mfundo zazikulu. Kaŵirikaŵiri kubwereza mfundo zazikulu kumachitidwa mwa kufotokoza kwachidule. Tidzafotokoza mitundu iŵiri yofunika kwambiri, yotchedwa kufotokoza kwachidule “kopitiriza” nkhani ndi kufotokoza kwachidule “komaliza nkhani.”

⁵ Kufotokoza kwachidule kopitiriza nkhani ndiko kutchulanso mbali zofunika za mfundo yaikulu iliyonse pamene mukuifotokoza, kugwirizanitsa mbali zofunika za mfundo yaikulu imene mwafotokoza kale. Mwa njira imeneyi mfundo zonse za nkhaniyo zimagwirizana pamodzi.

⁶ Kumapeto kwa nkhani, kufotokoza kwachidule komaliza nkhani, kaya kugwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi n’kufotokoza kwachidule kopitiriza nkhani kapena ayi, kumamangirira zonse pamodzi ndipo nkhani yonseyo mutha kuibwereza m’mawu achidule ochepa. Nthaŵi zina kumakhala kothandiza kutchula ndi mfundo zingati zimene mudzafotokoza. Kuteroko kumathandiza kuzikumbukira mfundozo.

7-10. Kodi kubwereza kofotokoza mwachidule mfundo zofunika kungachitidwe motani mogwira mtima?

⁷ Kufotokoza kwachidule sikuyenera kungokhala kubwereza chabe mfundozo kapena malingalirowo. Tingakuchite m’njira zosiyanasiyana: mwa fanizo, mwa kugwiritsa ntchito lemba, mwa kulongosola nkhaniyo mwa ganizo lina, mwa kuyerekeza kapena kusiyanitsa, mwa kufananitsa, mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ofanana kapena mafunso. Mwachitsanzo, kufotokoza kwachidule kogwira mtima kwambiri kwa nkhani yapoyera kungakhale kwakufupi ndi kwa mphindi zisanu zokha, kukumakhudza Malemba ofunika kwambiri ndi mfundo zazikulu za nkhaniyo. Imeneyo imakhala nkhani yonse koma m’mawu ochepa chabe, amene wina aliyense akhoza kuwakumbukira ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito.

⁸ Kufotokoza kwachidule kobwereza mfundo n’kothandiza makamaka m’nkhani zolongosola zifukwa ndi kalingaliridwe kotsatirika, ndipo mipata ya nthaŵi pakati pa kufotokoza ndi kubwereza kwachiduleko imathandiza kukhomereza mfundozo m’maganizo mwa omvetsera. Komabe, si nthaŵi zonse pamene tiyenera kufotokoza mfundo mwachidule. Nthaŵi zina tikhoza kungoitchulanso pambuyo pake monga maziko ogwira mtima a mfundo ina imene tikufuna kuifotokoza.

⁹ Njira ina yobwerezera mfundo zazikulu ndiyo mwa kuzitchula m’mawu oyamba, ndiyeno kuzifotokoza imodzi ndi imodzi m’thunthu lake la nkhaniyo. Kubwereza koteroko kumakhomereza malingalirowo m’maganizo.

¹⁰ Mutazidziŵa bwino njira zosiyanasiyana zimenezi zobwerezera mfundo zazikulu, mukhoza kupangitsa nkhani yanu kukhala yogwira mtima ndiponso yosangalatsa, komanso yosavuta kukumbukira.

11-14. Ndi mfundo ziti zofunika kudziŵa pofuna kubwereza mfundo zimene sizinamveke?

¹¹ Kubwereza mfundo zimene sizinamveke. Kubwereza mfundo kuti imveketsedwe kumadalira kwenikweni omvetsera anu. Ngati ili mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndipo ngati siidzatchulidwanso kachiŵiri, muyenera kuifotokozanso mwa njira ina kuopera kuti mungafike mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhani yanu muli nokhanokha omvetsera osatha kukutsatirani. Komanso, kubwereza wambawamba, kosati kogogomeza, kudzapangitsa nkhaniyo kumveka yongozungulira komanso yosakoma.

¹² Kumbukirani omvetsera anu pokonza nkhani. Muyenera kuyesa kuoneratu mavuto amene omvetsera anu angakhale nawo. Konzekerani kukabwereza mfundo zimenezo kotero kuti akazione m’mbali zosiyanasiyana.

¹³ Kodi mungadziŵe bwanji ngati omvetsera sakumvetsa zimene mukunena? Ayang’aneni. Onani maonekedwe a nkhope zawo, kapena ngati mukulankhula ndi munthu mmodzi kapena aŵiri, funsani mafunso.

¹⁴ Koma dziŵaninso ichi: Si nthaŵi zonse pamene kubwereza mawu amodzimodzi kudzakwaniritsa cholinga chanu. Kuphunzitsa kumaphatikizapo zambiri kuposa zokhazo. Ngati omvetsera anu sanakumveni nthaŵi yoyamba, nthaŵi zina kungobwereza mawu amodzimodziwo sikungawathandize kumvetsa bwino. Nangano mungatani? Muyenera kukhala wokhoza kusintha. Mwina mungafunikire kuwonjeza mfundo zina kunkhani yanu nthaŵi yomweyo. Kudziŵa kwanu kusamalira zosoŵa za omvetsera anu kudzasonyeza bwino lomwe kuti ndinu mphunzitsi wogwira mtima.

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15-18. Kodi munthu angaphunzire motani kugwiritsa ntchito manja ofotokoza?

¹⁵ Komanso, manja nawonso amawonjeza chigogomezo pazimene mukunena, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka mphamvu patanthauzo la mawu olankhulidwa. Mwa njira imeneyo manja amawonjezera malingaliro komanso kupereka chithunzi m’maganizo cha zimene zikunenedwa. Kwenikweni palibe munthu amene amalankhula chosagwiritsa ntchito manja. Choncho, ngati simulankhula ndi manja omwe papulatifomu, omvetsera anu adzadziŵa kuti simuli omasuka. Koma pamene mugwiritsa ntchito manja mwachibadwa, omvetsera sadzasamala za inu; adzangomvetsera zimene mukunena. Manja amakuthandizani mwa kukupatsani mphamvu, kukusonkhezerani ndi kupangitsa nkhani yanu kumveka yamoyo. Sayenera kutengedwa m’buku linalake. Inuyo simunachite kuŵerenga za mmene mungamwetulire kapena kuseka kapenanso kukwiya. Choncho nkosafunikira kutengera manja a wina polankhula, ndipo amaoneka bwino pamene akhala achibadwa. Maonekedwe a nkhope amayendera limodzi ndi manja popereka ganizo ku mawu.

¹⁶ Manja amagwera m’magulu aakulu aŵiri: ofotokoza ndi ogogomeza.

¹⁷ Manja ofotokoza. Manja ofotokoza amasonyeza kachitidwe, mlingo wa chinthu kapena malo. Manja amenewo ndiwo osavuta kuwaphunzira. Choncho, ngati kumakuvutani kugwiritsa ntchito manja papulatifomu, choyamba yesani manja osavuta ofotokoza chinthu.

¹⁸ Pamene mukulimbikira luso limeneli m’sukulu, musakhutire ndi kupanga manja kamodzi kapena kaŵiri kokha. Yesani kupanga manja m’nkhani yonseyo. Kuti muchite zimenezo, pezani mawu osonyeza kumalo, mtunda, ukulu, liŵiro, dera, kusiyana, malo ofanana kapena kuyerekeza. Ngati kuli kofunika, lembani zizindikiro pamawu amenewo m’notsi zanu, kotero kuti zizikukumbutsani kulankhula ndi manja pamawuwo. Pitirizani chizoloŵezi chimenechi ngakhale mutapatsidwa “B” panthaŵi yoyamba. Mukalankhulapo nkhani zingapo mudzaona kuti simufunikiranso kulemba zizindikiro pa mawu ofuna kulankhula ndi manja, ndipo simudzafunikiranso kuwaganizira pasadakhale chifukwa adzangopangika mwachibadwa.

19, 20. Nanga manja ogogomeza ntchito yake n’chiyani?

¹⁹ Manja ogogomeza. Manja ogogomeza amasonyeza mmene munthu amamvera ndi kutsimikiza mtima. Amapatsa mfundo mphamvu komanso amaigogomeza. Choncho manja ogogomeza n’ngofunika kwambiri. Koma samalani! Manja ogogomeza ndi amene kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala chizoloŵezi wamba. Kuti mupeŵe zimenezo, siyani kubwerezabwereza manja amodzimodzi.

²⁰ Ngati muli ndi vuto la chizoloŵezi chomangobwereza manja amodzimodzi, choyamba yesani kumapanga manja ofotokoza chabe. Mutazoloŵera manja a mtundu umenewo, manja ogogomeza amangopangika mosavuta. Pamene mumka namuzoloŵera ndi kukhala womasukirapo papulatifomu, manja anu ogogomeza adzasonyeza mwachibadwa mmene mukumvera, kuonetsa maganizo anu ndi kutsimikiza mtima kwanu. Manjawo adzawonjeza tanthauzo pazimene mukulankhulazo.