Utatu Kodi Umaphunzitsidwa m’Baibulo?

“Chikhulupiriro cha Chikatolika ndiichi, chakuti timalambira Mulungu mmodzi mwa Utatu ndipo Utatu mwa Umodzi. . . . Chotero Atate ali Mulungu, Mwana ali Mulungu, ndi Mzukwa Woyera ali Mulungu. Komabe iwo sali Milungu Itatu, koma Mulungu Mmodzi.”

M’MAWU ameneŵa Chikhulupiriro cha Athanasius chimalongosola chiphunzitso chachikulu cha Dziko Lachikristu​—Utatu.a Ngati ndinu chiŵalo cha tchalitchi, Mkatolika kapena Mprotestanti, mungakhale munauzidwa kuti ichi ndicho chiphunzitso chofunika koposa chimene muyenera kukhulupirira. Koma kodi mungachifotokoze chiphunzitsocho? Anthu ena anzeru kwambiri a m’Dziko Lachikristu avomereza kusakhoza kwawo kumvetsetsa Utatu.

Pamenepo, kodi nchifukwa ninji iwo amachikhulupirira? Kodi chili chifukwa chakuti Baibulo limaphunzitsa chiphunzitsocho? Malemu bishopu John Robinson wa Anglican anapereka yankho lochititsa munthu kuganiza pafunso limeneli m’buku lake logulidwa kwambiri lakuti Honest to God. Iye analemba kuti:

“Kwenikweni kulalikira ndi kuphunzitsa kotchuka kumapereka lingaliro lachilendo ponena za Kristu limene silingachilikizidwe ndi Chipangano Chatsopano. Limangonena kuti Yesu anali Mulungu, mwanjira yakuti mawuwo ‘Kristu’ ndi ‘Mulungu’ akhoza kusinthanitsidwa. Koma kulibe paliponse m’Baibulo pamene mawuwo amagwiritsiridwa ntchito motero. Chipangano Chatsopano chimanena kuti Yesu anali Mawu a Mulungu, chimati Mulungu anali mwa Kristu, chimati Yesu ali Mwana wa Mulungu; koma sichimanena kuti Yesu anali Mulungu, sichimatero basi.”

John Robinson anali munthu wovuta kutsutsa m’tchalitchi cha Anglican. Komabe, kodi iye anali wolondola ponena kuti palibe paliponse pamene “Chipangano Chatsopano” chimanena kuti “Yesu anali Mulungu, sichimatero basi”?

Zimene Baibulo Limanena

Ena angayankhe funsolo mwakugwira mawu vesi limene limatsegula Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane lakuti: “Pachiyambi panali Mawu, ndipo Mawu anali kwa Mulungu, ndipo Mawu anali Mulungu.” (Yohane 1:1, King James Version) Kodi zimenezo sizimatsutsa zimene bishopu wa Angilikani ananena? Osati kwenikweni. Mosakayikira, monga momwe John Robinson anadziŵira, otembenuza ena amakono samavomerezana ndi mamasulidwe a King James Version a lembalo. Chifukwa ninji? Chifukwa chakuti m’mawu akuti “Mawu anali Mulungu” m’Chigiriki choyambirira, liwu lotanthauza “Mulungu” lilibe phatikizo lotsimikizira lakuti “yo.” M’mawu oyambawo akuti “Mawu anali ndi Mulungu,” liwu lotanthauza “Mulungu” nlotsimikizirika, ndiko kuti lili ndi phatikizo lakuti “yo.” Zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti mawu aŵiriwo sali ndi tanthauzo lofanana.

Chifukwa chake, matembenuzidwe ena amamveketsa mfundo ya kufanana kwa mkhalidwe m’matembenuzidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, ena amatembenuza mawuwo kuti “Mawu anali aumulungu.” (An American Translation, Schonfield) Moffatt akuwamasulira kuti “Logos anali waumulungu.” Komabe, John Robinson ndi wopenda malemba mosamalitsa Sir Frederick Kenyon, posonyeza kuti “waumulungu” silikakhala liwu loyenerera kwambiri panopa, onse aŵiri ananena kuti ngati zimenezo nzimene Yohane anafuna kumveketsa, iye akanagwiritsira ntchito liwu Lachigiriki lotanthauza “umulungu,” theiʹos. New World Translation, m’kutembenuza kwa Chicheŵa, poona molondola liwulo lakuti “Mulungu” kukhala losatsimikizirika, ndiponso kumveketsa mfundo ya kulingana mumkhalidwe kosonyezedwa ndi lemba Lachigiriki, limagwiritsira ntchito “m” wamng’ono, kuti: “Mawu anali mulungu.”

Profesa C. H. Dodd, mtsogoleri wa kutembenuzidwa kwa New English Bible, akupereka ndemanga pankhaniyi kuti: “Matembenuzidwe othekera . . . akakhala akuti, ‘Mawu anali mulungu’. Monga matembenuzidwe a liwu ndi liwu iwo sangakhale olakwa.” Komabe, The New English Bible silimamasulira vesilo motero. M’malomwake, lemba la Yohane 1:1 m’matembenuzidwewo limati: “Pamene zinthu zonse zinayamba, Mawu analipo kale. Mawuwo anali kukhala ndi Mulungu, ndipo mmene Mulunguyo analiri, Mawunso anali motero.” Kodi nchifukwa ninji komiti ya kutembenuza siinasankhe mamasulidwe osavuta? Profesa Dodd akuyankha kuti: “Chifukwa chimene saliri olandirika nchakuti amawombana ndi lingaliro lamakono la Yohane, ndiponso ndi lingaliro lonse Lachikristu.”​—Technical Papers for the Bible Translator, Voliyumu 28, January 1977.

Lingaliro Lenileni la Malemba

Kodi tinganene kuti lingaliro lakuti Yesu anali mulungu ndipo osati wolingana ndi Mulungu Mlengiyo likuwombana ndi lingaliro la Yohane (ndiko kuti, lingaliro la mtumwi Yohane), limodzinso ndi lingaliro lonse Lachikristu? Tiyeni tipende malemba ena a Baibulo amene amanena za Yesu ndi Mulungu, ndipo tidzaona zimene othirira ndemanga ena amene anakhalako chisanapangidwe chiphunzitso cha Chikhulupiriro cha Athanasius analingalira ponena za malembawo.

“Ine ndi Atate ndife amodzi.”​—YOHANE 10:30.

Novatian (pafupifupi mu 200-258 C.E.) anathirira ndemanga kuti: “Ndipo popeza kuti Iye anati ‘amodzi’ m’chinthu,[b] otsutsawo adziŵe kuti Iye sanati munthu ‘mmodzi.’ Popeza kuti liwu lakutilo amodzi losasonyeza umuna kapena ukazi, limasonyeza kugwirizana kwa mumkhalidwe, osati kukhala munthu mmodzi. . . . Ndiponso, kutchula Kwake kuti amodzi, kumatanthauza kumvana, ndi kufanana m’kaweruzidwe, ndi kugwirizana kwachikondi kwenikweniko, monga momwedi Atate ndi Mwana amakhalira amodzi m’kumvana, m’chikondi, ndi m’kukondana.”​—Treatise Concerning the Trinity, chaputala 27.

“Atate ali wamkulu ndi Ine.”​—YOHANE 14:28.

Irenaeus (pafupifupi mu 130-200 C.E.) anati: “Tingaphunzire kupyolera mwa Iye [Kristu] kuti Atate ali pamwamba pa zinthu zonse. Popeza kuti ‘Atate,’ Iye akutero, ‘ali wamkulu kuposa ine.’ Chifukwa chake, Atateyo walengezedwa ndi Ambuye wathu kuti apambana m’chidziŵitso.”​—Against Heresies, Buku II, chaputala 28.8.

“Koma moyo wosatha ndi uwu, kuti akadziŵe Inu Mulungu wowona yekha, ndi Yesu Kristu amene munamtuma.”​—YOHANE 17:3.

Clement wa ku Alexandria (pafupifupi mu 150-215 C.E.) anati: “Kudziŵa Mulungu wamuyaya, amene apatsa zamuyaya, ndipo mwachidziŵitso ndi kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la kukhala naye Mulungu, amene ndiye woyamba, ndi wam’mwambamwamba, ndipo ali mmodzi, ndi wabwino. . . . Iye amene akakhala ndi moyo wa chowonadi amayamba kudziŵa Iye ‘amene palibe aliyense amdziŵa, koma Mwanayo amvumbula (Iye).’ (Mat. 11:27) Chotsatira chofunika kuchidziŵa ndicho ukulu wa Mpulumutsi amene ali wachiŵiri kwa Iye.”​—Who Is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved? VII, VIII.

“Mulungu mmodzi ndi Atate wa onse amene ali pamwamba pa onse, ndi mwa onse, ndi mkati mwa zonse.”​—AEFESO 4:6.

Irenaeus anati: “Chotero Mulungu mmodzi Atate akulengezedwa, amene ali pamwamba pa zonse, ndi kupyolera mwa zonse, ndi m’zonse. Atateyo alidi pamwamba pa zonse, ndipo Iye ali Mutu wa Kristu.”​—Against Heresies, Buku V, chaputala 18.2.

Alembi akale ameneŵa anamvetsetsa bwino lomwe mavesi ameneŵa kuti anali kufotokoza Atateyo kukhala wamkulukulu, wokhala pamwamba pa chinthu chilichonse ndi munthu aliyense kuphatikizapo Yesu Kristu. Ndemanga zawo sizikupereka lingaliro lililonse lakuti anakhulupirira Utatu.

Mzimu Woyera Uvumbula Chowonadi Chonse

Yesu analonjeza ophunzira ake kuti pambuyo pa imfa yake ndi chiukiriro, mzimu woyera ukaperekedwa kwa iwo monga nkhoswe. Iye analonjeza kuti: “Koma atadza iyeyo, mzimu wa chowonadi, adzatsogolera inu mchowonadi chonse, . . . ndipo zinthu zilimkudza adzakulalikirani.”​—Yohane 14:16, 17; 15:26; 16:13.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Yesu, lonjezo limenelo linakwaniritsidwa. Baibulo lili ndi zolembedwa zosonyeza mmene ziphunzitso zatsopano zinavumbulidwira kapena kuwongoleredwa kwa mpingo Wachikristu kupyolera mwa mzimu woyera. Ziphunzitso zatsopano zimenezi zinalembedwa m’mabuku amene pambuyo pake anadzakhala mbali ya Baibulo, Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu, kapena “Chipangano Chatsopano.” M’kuunikiridwa kwatsopano kumeneko, kodi muli kuvumbulidwa kulikonse kwa kukhalako kwa Utatu? Ayi. Mzimu woyera umavumbula zosiyana kotheratu ponena za Mulungu ndi Yesu.

Mwachitsanzo, pa Pentekoste wa 33 C.E., pamene mzimu woyera unadza pa ophunzira osonkhana m’Yerusalemu, mtumwi Petro anapereka umboni kwa gulu la anthu okhala pabwalopo ponena za Yesu. Kodi iye analankhula za Utatu? Talingalirani za ena a mawu ake, ndipo weruzani nokha: “Yesu . . . , mwamuna wochokera kwa Mulungu, wosonyezedwa kwa inu ndi zimphamvu, ndi zozizwa, ndi zizindikiro, zimene Mulungu anazichita mwa iye pakati pa inu.” “Yesu ameneyo, Mulungu anamuukitsa; za ichi tili mboni ife tonse.” “Mulungu anamuyesa Ambuye ndi Kristu, Yesu amene inu munampachika.” (Machitidwe 2:22, 32, 36) Kutalitali ndi kuphunzitsa Utatu, mawu ameneŵa onenedwa ndi Petro wodzazidwa ndi mzimu amagogomezera kugonjera kwa Yesu kwa Atate wake, kuti iye ali chiŵiya chokwaniritsira chifuniro cha Mulungu.

Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, Mkristu wina wokhulupirika ananena za Yesu. Stefano anabweretsedwa pamaso pa Bwalo la Akulu Lachiyuda kudzayankha milandu. M’malomwake, Stefano anatembenukira omuimba mlanduwo, akumawauza kuti iwo anali ofanana ndi makolo awo akale opandukawo. Potsirizira pake, cholembedwacho chimati: “Iye, pokhala wodzala ndi mzimu woyera, anapenyetsetsa kumwamba, naona ulemerero wa Mulungu, ndi Yesu alikuimirira pa dzanja lamanja la Mulungu, nati, Taonani, ndipenya m’mwamba motseguka, ndi Mwana wa munthu alikuimirira pa dzanja lamanja la Mulungu.” (Machitidwe 7:55, 56) Kodi nchifukwa ninji mzimu woyera unavumbula Yesu kukhala chabe “Mwana wa munthu” akuimirira kudzanja lamanja la Mulungu ndipo osati mbali ya Mulungu ali wolingana ndi Atate wake? Mwachionekere, Stefano analibe lingaliro la Utatu.

Pamene Petro anapereka mbiri yabwino yonena za Yesu kwa Korneliyo, panalinso mwaŵi wina wakuvumbula chiphunzitso cha Utatu. Kodi chinachitika nchiyani? Petro analongosola kuti Yesu “ndiye Ambuye wa onse.” Koma iye anapitiriza kufotokoza kuti umbuye umenewu unadza kuchokera ku magwero apamwamba. Yesu anali “amene aikidwa ndi Mulungu akhale woweruza amoyo ndi akufa.” Pambuyo pa chiukiriro cha Yesu, Atate wake ‘analola kuti [iyeyu] aonetsedwe’ kwa otsatira ake. Ndipo bwanji za mzimu woyera? Umaonekera m’kukambitsirana kumeneku koma osati monga munthu wachitatu wa Utatu. M’malomwake, “Mulungu anamdzoza [Yesu] ndi mzimu woyera ndi mphamvu.” Chotero, mzimu woyera, kutalitali ndi kukhala munthu, ukusonyezedwa kukhala chinthu china chopanda umunthu, mofanana ndi “mphamvu” yotchulidwanso m’vesi limodzimodzilo. (Machitidwe 10:36, 38, 40, 42) Pendani Baibulo mosamalitsa, ndipo mudzapeza umboni wowonjezereka wakuti mzimu woyera suli munthu koma mphamvu yogwira ntchito imene ikhoza kudzaza anthu, kuwasonkhezera, kuwachititsa kukhala okangalika, ndi kutsanuliridwa pa iwo.

Chomalizira, mtumwi Paulo anali ndi mwaŵi wakulongosola Utatu​—ukadakhala chiphunzitso chowona​—pamene anali kulalikira kwa Aatene. M’nkhani yake, iye anatchula guwa lawo la nsembe “Kwa Mulungu Wosadziŵika” ndipo anati: “Chimene muchipembedza osachidziŵa, chimenecho ndichilalikira kwa inu.” Kodi iye analalikira Utatu? Ayi. Iye anafotokoza “Mulungu amene analenga dziko lapansi ndi zonse zili momwemo, Iyeyo, ndiye mwini kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi.” Koma bwanji za Yesu? “[Mulungu] anapangira tsiku limene adzaweruza dziko lokhalamo anthu m’chilungamo, ndi munthu amene anamuikiratu.” (Machitidwe 17:23, 24, 31) Palibe lingaliro lililonse la Utatu pamenepo!

Kwenikweni, Paulo anafotokoza kanthu kena ponena za zifuniro za Mulungu kamene kamakuchititsa kukhala kosatheka kuti Yesu ndi Atate wake akhale mbali zolingana za Utatu. Iye analemba kuti: “[Mulungu] anagonjetsa zonse pansi pa mapazi ake [a Yesu]. Koma pamene anena kuti zonse zagonjetsedwa, kuzindikirika kuti saŵerengapo Iye amene anagonjetsa zonsezo kwa Iye. Ndipo pamene zonsezo zagonjetsedwa kwa Iye, pomwepo Mwana yemwe adzagonjetsedwa kwa Iye amene anamgonjetsera zinthu zonse, kuti Mulungu akhale zonse mu zonse.” (1 Akorinto 15:27, 28) Motero, Mulungu adzakhalabe pamwamba pa onse, kuphatikizapo Yesu.

Motero, kodi Utatu umaphunzitsidwa m’Baibulo? Ayi. John Robinson ananena zowona. Suli m’Baibulo, ndipo sulinso mbali ya “lingaliro Lachikristu.” Kodi mumaona nkhani imeneyi kukhala yofunika kaamba ka kulambira kwanu? Muyenera kutero. Yesu anati: “Koma moyo wosatha ndi uwu, kuti akadziŵe Inu Mulungu wowona yekha, ndi Yesu Kristu amene munamtuma.” (Yohane 17:3) Ngati titenga kulambira kwathu Mulungu mwamphamvu, nkofunika kwambiri kuti tidziŵe amene iye ali kwenikweni, mogwirizana ndi mmene iyemwini wadzivumbulira kwa ife. Ndipokhapo pamene tinganene mowona kuti tili pakati pa “olambira owona” amene ‘alambira Atate mumzimu ndi m’chowonadi.’​—Yohane 4:23.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 28]

Lingaliro lenileni la Malemba limasonyeza poyera kuti Yesu ndi Atate wake sali Mulungu mmodzi

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 29]

Kodi nchifukwa ninji mzimu woyera sunavumbule kuti Yesu anali Mulungu pambuyo pa Pentekoste wa 33 C.E.?