Timagulu Totsatira Anthu​—Kodi Ito Nchiyani?

FEBRUARY 28, 1993​—nthumwi zoposa zana limodzi zosungitsa lamulo zinaukira nyumba zokhala amuna, akazi ndi ana ambiri. Cholinga chake chinali cha kufufuza zida zosaloledwa mwalamulo ndi kumanga munthu wolingaliridwa kukhala mpandu. Komabe, nthumwizo zinadabwa pamene zipolopolo zambiri zinaomberedwa kwa iwo kuchokera m’nyumbazo. Nthumwizo zinabwezera kuombera.

Kumenyana kumeneku kunaphetsa anthu khumi ndipo angapo anavulala. Mkati mwa masiku 50 otsatira, mazana ambiri a nthumwi zaboma anazinga nyumbazo ndi mfuti zokwanira kuchitira nkhondo pamlingo waung’ono. Kulimbanako kunachititsa nkhondo imene inapha anthu 86, kuphatikizapo ana osachepera pa 17.

Koma kodi mdaniyo anali yani? Gulu lachiwawa logulitsa mankhwala oledzeretsa kodi? Gulu la zigaŵenga kodi? Ayi. Monga momwe mungadziŵire, “mdani” ameneyo anali kagulu kachipembedzo ka anthu odzipereka, ziŵalo za kagulu kotsatira munthu. Tsoka lawo linapangitsa chitaganya chobisika chimenecho chokhala pamalo athyathyathya a pakati pa Texas, U.S.A., kukhala kumene mitundu yonse inatembenukirako. Ofalitsa nkhani anaulutsa ndi kusindikiza malipoti ambiri, maumboni, ndi ndemanga ponena za upandu wa timagulu totsata anthu totengeka maganizo.

Anthu anakumbutsidwa za zochitika zina zapita zimene ziŵalo za timagulu totsatira anthu zinatsogoleredwa ku imfa ndi atsogoleri awo: mbanda ya ku California ya mu 1969 ya Manson, kudzipha kwa ziŵalo zambiri za kagulu kotsatira munthu ku Jonestown, Guyana mu 1978; pangano la kudzipha mwambanda kwa ziŵalo za kagulu kotsatira munthu lolinganizidwa ndi mtsogoleri wa kaguluko Park Soon-ja wa ku Korea la mu 1987, limene linachititsa imfa 32 za ziŵalo zake. Kwakukulukulu, ochuluka a anthu ameneŵa ananena kuti anali Akristu ndipo ananena kuti anakhulupirira Baibulo.

Momvekera bwino, ambiri a amene amalemekeza Baibulo monga Mawu a Mulungu amanyansidwa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito Malemba koipa ndi kochititsa manyazi kochitidwa ndi timagulu totsatira anthu timeneti. Monga chotulukapo chake, m’kupita kwa zaka magulu mazana ambiri akhazikitsidwa ndi cholinga cha kulonda timagulu totsatira anthu ndi kuvumbula machitachita awo aupandu. Akatswiri odziŵa khalidwe la kagulu kotsatira munthu akuneneratu kuti kudza kwa zaka chikwi zatsopano m’zaka zoŵerengeka kungayambitse kufalikira kwa timagulu totsatira anthu. Magazini ena a nkhani anasonyeza kuti malinga ndi kunena kwa timagulu totsutsa timagulu totsatira anthu, pali timagulu totsata anthu mazana ambiri “kulikonse toyembekezera kulamulira thupi lanu, kulamulira maganizo anu, kuwononga moyo wanu. . . . Tingapo tili ndi zida koma tochuluka tikulingaliridwa kukhala taupandu. Tidzakunyengani ndi kukulimani pamsana, kukulinganizirani ukwati ndi kuika mtembo wanu.”

Kodi Kagulu Kotsatira Munthu Nchiyani?

Liwu lakuti “cult” (kagulu kotsatira munthu) limagwiritsiridwa ntchito mofala ndi ambiri amene angakhale osadziŵa kwenikweni tanthauzo lake. Kuti aletse chisokonezo, ophunzira zaumulungu ena kwenikweni amapeŵa kugwiritsira ntchito liwulo.

The World Book Encyclopedia ikufotokoza kuti “mwamwambo, liwulo cult linanena za mpangidwe uliwonse wa kulambira kapena kusungidwa kwa dzoma.” Ndi lingaliro limeneli, magulu onse azipembedzo akhoza kutchedwa cult. Komabe, m’kagwiritsidwe ntchito kofala ka lerolino, liwulo “cult” lili ndi tanthauzo losiyana. Insaikulopediya imodzimodziyo imanena kuti “chiyambire pakati pa ma 1900, nkhani zofalitsidwa ponena za ma cult zasintha tanthauzo la liwulo. Lerolino, liwulo limagwira ntchito patimagulu timene timatsatira mtsogoleri wamoyo amene amachirikiza ziphunzitso zatsopano ndi machitachita okana mwambo wovomerezedwa.”

Povomereza kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kofala kwa liwulo, magazini a Newsweek akufotokoza kuti timagulu totsatira anthu “kaŵirikaŵiri ntating’ono, tamalingaliro otengeka timene ziŵalo zake ndi chifuno chake zimatchedwa ndi dzina la munthu mmodzi, wokhala ndi chikoka.” Mofananamo, magazini a Asiaweek akunena kuti “liwu lenilenilo [cult] nlovuta kufotokozedwa bwino, koma kaŵirikaŵiri limatanthauza chiphunzitso chachipembedzo chatsopano chozikidwa pa mtsogoleri wachikoka, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amanena kuti ali Mulungu mwiniyo.”

Mawu amene anagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’chosankha chovomerezedwa ndi Congress of the State of Maryland, U.S.A., ya 100, chimaperekanso tanthauzo lonyoza la mawu akuti kagulu kotsatira anthu. Chosankhacho chimati “kagulu kotsatira anthu ndiko kagulu kapena gulu losonyeza kudzipereka konyanyitsa kwa munthu wina kapena lingaliro lake ndi kugwiritsira ntchito njira za machenjera za kunyengerera ndi kulamulira maganizo a ena kuti kachirikize zonulirapo za atsogoleri ake.”

Mwachionekere, timagulu totsatira anthu timazindikiridwa ndi ambiri kukhala timagulu tachipembedzo tokhala ndi malingaliro osintha zinthu ndi machitachita amene amawombana ndi zimene zimavomerezedwa lerolino kukhala khalidwe labwino m’chitaganya. Kaŵirikaŵiri ito timachita machitachita ake achipembedzo mwachinsinsi. Tambiri ta timagulu totsatira anthu timeneti kwenikweni timadzipatula kupanga tidzitaganya tawotawo. Kudzipereka kwawo kwa munthu wodzinenera kukhala mtsogoleri wawo mwachionekere nkotheratu. Kaŵirikaŵiri atsogoleri ameneŵa amadzitamandira kukhala atasankhidwa ndi Mulungu kapena iwo eniwo kukhala aumulungu.

Panthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, magulu otsutsa timagulu totsatira anthu ndi ofalitsa nkhani atchula Mboni za Yehova kukhala kagulu kotsatira munthu. Nkhani zingapo zaposachedwapa za m’manyuzipepala zimaphatikiza Mboni ndi timagulu tina tachipembedzo todziŵika ndi machitachita awo okayikitsa. Koma kodi kukakhala kolondola kutchula Mboni za Yehova monga kagulu kachipembedzo kakang’ono kotengeka maganizo? Ziŵalo za kagulu kotsatira munthu kaŵirikaŵiri zimadzipatula kwa mabwenzi, banja, ndipo ngakhale onse a m’chitaganya. Kodi mmenemo ndimmene zilili Mboni za Yehova? Kodi Mboni zimagwiritsira ntchito njira za machenjera ndi zosemphana ndi makhalidwe abwino kupeza ziŵalo zawo?

Atsogoleri a kagulu kotsatira anthu amadziŵika kukhala akugwiritsira ntchito njira zamachenjera kulamulira maganizo a otsatira awo. Kodi pali umboni uliwonse wakuti Mboni za Yehova zimachita zimenezi? Kodi kulambira kwawo kumachitidwa mwachinsinsi? Kodi zimatsatira ndi kulambira mtsogoleri waumunthu? Kwenikweni, kodi Mboni za Yehova ndikagulu kotsatira munthu?

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 3]

Jerry Hoefer/​Fort Worth Star Telegram/​Sipa Press