Tsoka ku Rwanda​—Ndani Amene Ali ndi Mlandu?

“M’kamphindi chibade cha makaniki wina wa zaka 23 chisanagambatulidwe,” inatero U.S.News & World Report, “mmodzi wa oukirawo anauza Hitiyise kuti: ‘Uyenera kufa chifukwa chakuti ndiwe Mtutsi.’”

ZOCHITIKA zotero zinachitidwa mobwerezabwereza chotani nanga m’dziko laling’ono la ku Central Africa la Rwanda mkati mwa miyezi ya April ndi May! Panthaŵiyo m’Kigali, likulu la Rwanda, ndi dera lake lozungulira munali mipingo 15 ya Mboni za Yehova. Woyang’anira mzinda, Ntabana Eugène, anali Mtutsi. Iye, mkazi wake, mwana wake wamwamuna, ndi mwana wake wamkazi wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi, Shami, anali pakati pa anthu oyamba kuphedwa pamene chipolowe cha chiwawa chinabuka.

Arwanda zikwi zambiri anali kuphedwa tsiku lililonse​—mlungu ndi mlungu. “M’milungu isanu ndi umodzi yapitayi,” anasimba motero magazini ogwidwa mawu pamwambapawa pakati pa May, “anthu pafupifupi 250,000 afa mu mkupiti wa kupululutsa mtundu wonse ndi kulipsira umene ukufanana ndi kupha kwankhanza kwa Khmer Rouge ku Cambodia pakati pa ma 1970.”

Magazini a Time anati: “M’chochitika chokumbutsa Germany wa Nazi, ana anatengedwa pakati pa gulu la anthu 500 kokha chifukwa chakuti anaoneka ngati Atutsi. . . . Meya wa tauni ya kummwera ya Butare, amene anakwatira Mtutsi, anapatsidwa chosankha [chomvetsa ululu] ndi anthu akumidzi Achihutu: iye akapulumutsa mkazi wake ndi ana ngati akalepa banja la mkazi wake​—makolo a mkaziyo ndi mng’ono wake yemwe​—kuti aphedwe. Iye anavomereza zimenezi.”

Anthu asanu ndi mmodzi ankagwira ntchito mu Ofesi Yotembenuzira Chinenero ya Mboni za Yehova ku Kigali, anayi a iwo anali Ahutu ndipo aŵiri anali Atutsi. Atutsiwo anali Ananie Mbanda ndi Mukagisagara Denise. Pamene asilikali olonda limodzi ndi ofunkha anafika panyumbayo, anapsa mtima pamene anapeza kuti Ahutu ndi Atutsi akukhala pamodzi. Iwo anafuna kupha Mbanda ndi Denise.

“Anayamba kuchotsa mapini pamabomba awo,” anatero Emmanuel Ngirente, mmodzi wa abale Achihutu, “akumatiwopseza kutipha, popeza kuti tinali ndi adani awo pakati pathu. . . . Anafuna ndalama zambiri. Timawapatsa ndalama zonse zimene tinali nazo, komano sanakhutire. Anasankha zotenga kanthu kalikonse kwa ife kamene akagwiritsira ntchito monga malipiro, kuphatikizapo kompyuta ya laptop yogwiritsiridwa ntchito mu ntchito yathu yotembenuza chinenero, photocopier yathu, mawailesi athu, nsapato zathu, ndi zina zotero. Mwadzidzidzi iwo anachoka popanda kupha aliyense wa ife, komano anati akabweranso panthaŵi ina.”

M’masiku amene anatsatira, ofunkhawo ankangodzabe, ndipo nthaŵi iliyonse Mboni Zachihutu zinachonderera miyoyo ya mabwenzi awo Achitutsi. Potsirizira pake, pamene kunakhala kowopsa kwa Mbanda ndi Denise kupitirizabe kukhala pomwepo, panapangidwa makonzedwe akuti iwo limodzi ndi Atutsi ena othaŵa amke kusukulu ina yapafupi. Pamene sukuluyo inaukiridwa, Mbanda ndi Denise anakhoza kuthaŵa. Anadutsa bwino lomwe malo ofufuzira angapo apamisewu, koma, potsirizira pake, pamalo ena amodzi, Atutsi onse anatengeredwa pambali, ndipo Mbanda ndi Denise anaphedwa.

Pamene asilikaliwo anafikanso ku Ofesi Yotembenuzira Chinenero ndi kupeza kuti Mboni Zachitutsi zinali zitapita, asilikaliwo anamenya kowopsa abale Achihutuwo. Ndiyeno bomba linaphulika pafupi nawo, ndipo abalewo anathaŵa napulumutsa miyoyo yawo.

Pamene kuphako kunapitiriza m’dziko lonselo, chiŵerengero cha akufa chinafika pafupifupi theka la miliyoni. Potsirizira pake, pakati pa mamiliyoni aŵiri ndi atatu, kapena kuposa pamenepo, anzika za Rwanda mamiliyoni asanu ndi atatu anathaŵa kwawo. Ambiri a iwo anathaŵira ku maiko apafupi a Zaire ndi Tanzania. Mazana ena a Mboni za Yehova anaphedwa, ndipo ena ambiri anali pakati pa awo amene anathaŵira kumisasa yokhala kunja kwa dzikolo.

Kodi nchiyani chimene chinayambitsa kupha kwakukulu ndi kutuluka m’dziko kotero? Kodi kukanapeŵedwa? Kodi mkhalidwe unali wotani chiwawacho chisanabuke?

Ahutu ndi Atutsi

Rwanda ndi dziko loyandikana naye la Burundi nlokhalidwa ndi Ahutu, anthu Achibantu amene ambiri ali aafupi ndi ojintcha, ndi Atutsi, amene kaŵirikaŵiri ali aatali ndi athupi loyererapo amene amadziŵidwanso kukhala Awatusi. M’maiko aŵiri onsewo muli 85 peresenti ya chiŵerengero cha Ahutu ndi 14 peresenti ya Atutsi. Kumenyana kochitika pakati pa magulu amafuko ameneŵa kwasonyezedwa kukhala kukuyambira m’nthaŵi zakale m’zaka za zana la 15. Komabe, mokulira, iwo akhalira pamodzi mwamtendere.

“Tinkakhalira limodzi mwamtendere,” anatero mkazi wina wa zaka 29 ponena za Ahutu ndi Atutsi 3,000 okhala m’mudzi wa Ruganda, umene uli pamtunda wa makilomita oŵerengeka kummaŵa kwa Zaire. Komabe, mu April timagulu toukira Tachihutu tinapulula pafupifupi chiŵerengero chonse cha Atutsi a m’mudziwo. The New York Times inafotokoza kuti:

“Nkhani ya mudzi uwu ndiyo nkhani ya Rwanda: Ahutu ndi Atutsi akumakhalira pamodzi, kukwatirana, popanda kusamala kapenanso kudziŵa kuti ndani amene anali Mhutu ndipo ndani amene anali Mtutsi.

“Ndiyeno mwadzidzidzi panabuka kanthu kena. Mu April, timagulu tachiwawa Tachihutu m’dziko lonselo tinaloŵa m’chipolowe, tikumapha Atutsi kulikonse kumene anawapeza. Pamene kuphako kunayamba, Atutsi anathaŵira m’matchalitchi kuti atetezereke. Timagulu tachiwawato tinatsatira, tikumasandutsa malo opatulikawo kukhala manda amene anatsala ali owazidwa ndi mwazi.”

Kodi nchiyani chinayambitsa kuphako? Chinali imfa ya mapulezidenti a Rwanda ndi Burundi m’kugwa kwa ndege m’Kigali pa April 6, aŵiri onsewo anali Achihutu. M’njira ina yake chochitika chimenechi chinabutsa mkhalidwe wa kupha osati Atutsi okha komanso Ahutu alionse amene analingaliridwa kukhala akuwachitira chifundo.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kumenyana kunakula pakati pa gulu lankhondo la zigawenga​—R.P.F (Rwandan Patriotic Front) la Atutsi​—ndi gulu lankhondo la Boma la Ahutu. Podzafika July R.P.F. inali itagonjetsa gulu lankhondo la Boma ndipo inali italanda Kigali ndi mbali yaikulu ya Rwanda. Powopa kubwezera, kuchiyambiyambi kwa July, Ahutu zikwi mazana ambiri anathaŵa m’dzikolo.

Kodi Ndani Amene Ali ndi Mlandu?

Pamene anapemphedwa kufotokoza chifukwa chake chiwawacho chinabuka mwadzidzidzi mu April, mlimi wina Wachitutsi anati: “Nchifukwa cha atsogoleri oipa.”

Ndithudi, m’zaka mazana zambiri, atsogoleri andale awanditsa zabodza ponena za adani awo. Polamulidwa ndi “wolamulira wa dziko lino,” Satana Mdyerekezi, anthu andale adziko achititsa anthu awo kumenyana ndi kupha awo amene ali a fuko kapena mtundu wina. (Yohane 12:31, NW; 2 Akorinto 4:4; 1 Yohane 5:19) Ndimo mmene wakhalira mkhalidwe wa ku Rwanda. The New York Times inati: “Andale ayesayesa mobwerezabwereza kusonkhezera kukhulupirika ku mtundu wako ndi kuwopana m’mitundu​—ponena za Ahutu, kuti apitirizebe kulamulira Boma; ponena za Atutsi, kuti asonkhezere chichirikizo cha nkhondo youkira.”

Popeza kuti anthu a Rwanda ngofanana m’njira zambiri, munthu sangayembekezere konse kuti iwo angadane ndi kuphana. “Ahutu ndi Atutsi amalankhula chinenero chimodzi ndipo ali ndi miyambo yofanana,” analemba motero wosimba nkhaniyi Raymond Bonner. “Pambuyo pa mibadwo yambiri ya kukwatirana m’mafuko, kusiyana kwakuthupi​—Atutsi aatali ndi ochepa matupi, Ahutu aafupi ndi ojintcha​—kwazimiririka kwakuti kaŵirikaŵiri Arwanda samadziŵa bwino ngati munthuyo ali Mhutu kapena Mtutsi.”

Komabe, manenanena ambirimbiri aposachedwapa akhala ndi chiyambukiro chodabwitsa. Pochitira fanizo nkhaniyo, Alex de Waal, mkulu wa gulu la African Rights, anati: “Anthu akumidzi okhala m’madera olamuliridwa ndi R.P.F. akusimbidwa kukhala ali odabwa kuona kuti asilikali Achitutsi alibe nyanga, michira ndi maso oyaka mu mdima​—umu ndimo mmene wailesi zimene amamvetsera zimawafotokozera.”

Si atsogoleri andale okha amene amaumba kaganizidwe ka anthu komanso chipembedzo chimatero. Kodi nziti zimene zili zipembedzo zazikulu za Rwanda? Kodi izo zakhalanso ndi mlandu wa tsokalo?

Mbali ya Chipembedzo

The World Book Encyclopedia (1994) ikunena za Rwanda kuti: “Anthu ochuluka ndiwo Aroma Katolika. . . . Roma Katolika ndi matchalitchi ena Achikristu ndiwo amayendetsa sukulu zambiri zapulaimale ndi zasekondale.” Kwenikweni National Catholic Reporter, inatcha Rwanda “mtundu wa 70% ya Akatolika.”

The Observer, ya ku Great Britain, ikusonyeza mbiri ya mkhalidwe wa chipembedzo ku Rwanda, ikumafotokoza kuti: “M’ma 1930, pamene matchalitchi anali kulimbirana ulamuliro wa dongosolo la zamaphunziro, Akatolika anayanja ulamuliro wa Atutsi ochepa chiŵerengero pamene kuli kwakuti Aprotesitanti anagwirizana ndi Ahutu otsenderezedwa ochulukawo. Mu 1959 Ahutu analanda mphamvu ndipo mwamsanga anakhala ndi chichirikizo cha Akatolika ndi Aprotesitanti. Chichirikizo cha Aprotesitanti kwa Ahutu ochulukawo chidakali champhamvube kwambiri.”

Mwachitsanzo, kodi atsogoleri amatchalitchi Achiprotesitanti atsutsa kupululako? The Observer ikuyankha kuti: “Atsogoleri aŵiri atchalitchi [Aangilikani] anafunsidwa kuti anene kaya ngati anatsutsa mbanda zimene zinadzaza m’madanga a mipando a matchalitchi a Rwanda ndi mitembo ya ana odulidwa mitu.

“Anakana kuyankha. Anazemba mafunso, anakwiya, akumanena ndi mawu okweza aukali, ndipo muzu waukulu wa chipwirikiti cha Rwanda unavumbuluka​—akuluakulu apamwamba kwambiri a tchalitchi cha Anglican akumatumikira monga amithenga a atsogoleri andale amene alengeza za kupha ndi kudzaza mitsinje ndi mwazi.”

Ndithudi, matchalitchi a Dziko Lachikristu ku Rwanda sanasiyane ndi matchalitchi ena kwina kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za kuchirikiza kwawo atsogoleri andale mu Nkhondo Yadziko I, Brigadier General Frank P. Crozier wa ku Britain anati: “Matchalitchi Achikristu ndiwo osonkhezera kukhetsa mwazi koposa amene tili nawo ndipo timawagwiritsira ntchito mmene tingafunire.”

Inde, atsogoleri achipembedzo ali ndi mbali yaikulu ya mlandu wa zimene zikuchitika! National Catholic Reporter ya pa June 3, 1994, inasimba kuti: “Kumenyana kwa m’dziko la mu Afirika kukuloŵetsamo ‘kupulula mtundu wonse kwenikweni kumene, mwatsoka, ngakhale Akatolika ali nako mlandu,’ anatero papa.”

Mwachionekere, matchalitchi alephera kuphunzitsa malamulo amkhalidwe Achikristu, otengedwa m’malemba onga Yesaya 2:4 ndi Mateyu 26:52. Malinga ndi kunena kwa nyuzipepala Yachifalansa Le Monde, wansembe wina anadandaula kuti: “Akuphana wina ndi mnzake, chonsecho akumaiŵala kuti iwo ali abale.” Wansembe wina Wachirwanda anaulula kuti: “Akristu aphedwa ndi Akristu ena, pambuyo pa zaka zana za maulaliki onena za chikondi ndi chikhululukiro. Zalephereka.” Le Monde inafunsa kuti: “Kodi ndimotani mmene munthu angapeŵere kuganiza kuti Atutsi ndi Ahutu amene akumenyana ku Burundi ndi ku Rwanda anaphunzitsidwa ndi amishonale Achikristu amodzimodziwo ndi kupita kumatchalitchi amodzimodzi?”

Akristu Oona Ali Osiyana

Otsatira oona a Yesu Kristu amachita mogwirizana ndi lamulo lake la ‘kukondana wina ndi mnzake.’ (Yohane 13:34) Kodi mungayerekezere Yesu kapena mmodzi wa atumwi ake kukhala atanyamula chikwanje ndi kukhapa nacho munthu wina mpaka kufa? Kupha kwachiwawa kotero kumasonyeza anthuwo kukhala “ana a Mdyerekezi.”​—1 Yohane 3:10-12.

Mboni za Yehova sizimakhala konse ndi phande mu nkhondo zilizonse, zipanduko, kapena m’mikangano ina iliyonse yochirikizidwa ndi andale zadziko, amene akulamulidwa ndi Satana Mdyerekezi. (Yohane 17:14, 16; 18:36; Chivumbulutso 12:9) M’malo mwake, Mboni za Yehova zimasonyezana chikondi chenicheni kwa wina ndi mnzake. Motero, mkati mwa kupha kumeneko, Mboni Zachihutu zinaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe mofunitsitsa poyesayesa kutetezera abale awo Achitutsi.

Komabe, masoka otero sayenera kukhala odabwitsa. Mu ulosi wa Yesu wonena za “mathedwe a nthaŵi ya pansi pano,” iye ananeneratu kuti: “Pamenepo [anthu . . . adzakuphani, NW].” (Mateyu 24:3, 9) Mwamwaŵi, Yesu akulonjeza kuti okhulupirika adzakumbukiridwa m’kuuka kwa akufa.​—Yohane 5:28, 29.

Pakali pano, Mboni za Yehova ku Rwanda ndi kwina kulikonse zili zotsimikiza mtima kupitiriza kudzisonyeza kukhala ophunzira a Kristu mwa kukondana. (Yohane 13:35) Chikondi chawo chikupereka umboni ngakhale pakati pa zovuta zimene zilipozi, monga momwe lipoti lophatikizidwa lakuti “Mboni m’Misasa ya Othaŵa” likusonyezera. Tonsefe tifunikira kukumbukira kuti Yesu mu ulosi wake anati: “Iye wakulimbika chilimbikire kufikira kuchimaliziro, yemweyo adzapulumuka.”​—Mateyu 24:13.

[Bokosi patsamba 29]

MBONI M’MISASA YA OTHAŴA

Mu July wa chaka chino, Mboni pafupifupi 4,700 ndi mabwenzi awo zinali m’misasa ya othaŵa. Ku Zaire, okwanira 2,376 anali ku Goma, 454 ku Bukavu, ndipo 1,592 ku Uvira. Ndiponso, ku Tanzania kunali pafupifupi 230 amene anali ku Benaco.

Kungofika kumalo a othaŵawo kunali kovuta. Mpingo wina wa Mboni 60 unayesa kudutsa pa mlatho wa Rusumo, njira yaikulu yothaŵira kumka kumisasa ya othaŵa ku Tanzania. Pamene anakanizidwa kudutsa, anapupulikapupulika m’mbali mwa mtsinje kwa sabata limodzi. Ndiyeno anasankha kuti ayese kudutsa mtsinjewo ndi mabwato. Anaterodi, ndipo pambuyo pa masiku oŵerengeka, anafika bwino lomwe pa msasa wina ku Tanzania.

Mboni za Yehova m’maiko ena zinayesayesa kulinganiza katundu wambiri wachithandizo. Mboni za ku France zinasonkhanitsa matani oposa zana a zovala ndi matani asanu ndi anayi a nsapato, ndipo katundu wotero, limodzi ndi chakudya ndi mankhwala, zinatumizidwa kumadera osoŵawo. Komabe, kaŵirikaŵiri chinthu choyamba chimene abale okhala m’misasa ya othaŵawo anapempha chinali Baibulo kapena magazini a Nsanja ya Olonda kapena Galamukani!

Openyerera ambiri anachita chidwi ndi chikondi chosonyezedwa ndi Mboni za ku Zaire ndi Tanzania, zimene zinafika ndi kuthandiza abale awo othaŵawo. “Mwafikiridwa ndi anthu a chipembedzo chanu,” othaŵa ena amatero, “koma ife sitinafikiridwe ndi wansembe wathu.”

Mbonizo zinafikira kukhala zodziŵika bwino m’misasa, makamaka chifukwa cha umodzi wawo, dongosolo, ndi mkhalidwe wachikondi. (Yohane 13:35) Nkokondweretsa kudziŵa kuti ku Benaco, ku Tanzania, kunangotenga mphindi 15 zokha kuti Mboni zipeze Mboni zinzawo zothaŵa pakati pa anthu pafupifupi 250,000 pamsasawo.