Zaka za Kuyesayesa Kosaphula Kanthu
“IFE MITUNDU YA UNITED NATIONS YOTSIMIKIZA kupulumutsa mibadwo ya mtsogolo ku tsoka la nkhondo, imene kaŵiri m’moyo wathu yadzetsa chisoni chosaneneka kwa anthu, ndipo pofuna kutsimikizanso chikhulupiriro chathu pa zoyenera zazikulu zaumunthu, pa ulemu wake wa munthu ndi mtengo wake, pa zoyenera zolingana za amuna ndi akazi ndi za mitundu yaikulu ndi yaing’ono, . . . ”—Mawu oyamba a tchata cha United Nations.
OCTOBER 24, 1995, lidzakhala tsiku lokondwerera chaka cha 50 cha United Nations. Maiko onse 185 amene pakali pano ali mamembala ake ngodzipereka pa mfundo ndi zonulirapo zoyambirira za gululo zotchulidwa m’tchatacho: kusungitsa mtendere ndi chisungiko padziko lonse; kuthetsa kulimbana kumene kumasokoneza mtendere wa dziko lonse; kulimbikitsa ubwenzi pakati pa mitundu; kutetezera maufulu ofunika a mitundu yonse popanda kusankhana chifukwa cha fuko, kukhala mkazi kapena mwamuna, chinenero, kapena chipembedzo; ndi kuti pakhale chimvano pakati pa maiko onse kuti athetse mavuto a zachuma, a chitaganya, ndi a chikhalidwe chawo.
Kwa zaka 50 gulu la United Nations layesayesa mwakhama kudzetsa mtendere wa dziko lonse ndi chisungiko. Lingakhale litaletsa nkhondo yadziko yachitatu, zimene ena angatsutse; ndipo kupululutsa moyo wa munthu ndi mabomba a nyukiliya sikunachitikenso. United Nations yapereka chakudya ndi mankhwala kwa ana ambirimbiri. Yathandizira kuti pakhale thanzi labwinopo m’maiko ambiri, ikumapereka, pakati pa zinthu zina, madzi abwino akumwa ndi akatemera oletsa matenda owopsa. Othaŵa kwawo ambirimbiri alandira thandizo.
Poyamikira ntchito yake, gulu la United Nations lapatsidwa Nobel Peace Prize kasanu. Komabe, nzachisoni kuti sitikukhalabe m’dziko lopanda nkhondo.
Mtendere ndi Chisungiko—Zonulirapo Zosafikirika
Pambuyo pa zaka 50 za kuyesayesa, mtendere ndi chisungiko zikali zonulirapo zosafikirika. M’nkhani yaposachedwa yokambidwa kwa United Nations General Assembly, pulezidenti wa United States anasonyeza kukhumudwa kwake mwa kunena kuti “zaka za zana lino zokhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu ndi mwaŵi ndi chipambano zakhalanso nyengo ya kuwononga zinthu kowopsa ndi yotayitsa mtima.”
Kumapeto kwa 1994, The New York Times inati: “Pali nkhondo ndi mikangano pafupifupi 150 zimene zikupha anthu zikwi zambiri—anthu wamba ochuluka kuposa asilikali malinga ndi maumboni ochuluka a ziŵerengero—ndipo zikwi mazana ambiri akukhala othaŵa kwawo.” United Nations Department of Public Information inati chiyambire 1945 anthu oposa 20 miliyoni ataya miyoyo yawo chifukwa cha nkhondo. Kazembe wa United States mu United Nations, Madeleine Albright, anati “nkhondo za m’maiko tsopano zili zankhalwe koposa m’njira zambiri.” Kupondereza zoyenera zaumunthu ndi kusankhana zimakhala nkhani za masiku onse. Mitundu yambiri ikuoneka kuti imangololera anzawo m’malo mokhala mabwenzi awo.
Bambo David Hannay, kazembe wa Britain mu United Nations, anavomereza kuti “kufikira m’ma 1980, United Nations inatsala pang’ono kulephera ngakhale kuti ili ndi zolinga zabwino.” Mlembi wamkulu wa United Nations, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, anadandaula kuti Maiko omawonjezereka omwe ali mamembala ake akuchita mphwayi pantchito yosungitsa mtendere ndipo akutopa nayo. Anati kwa mamembala ake ambiri, “United Nations siilinso patsogolo.”
Chisonkhezero cha Ofalitsa Nkhani
Ngakhale kuti United Nations ingaoneke kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri, zoyesayesa zake nthaŵi zambiri zimalepheretsedwa ndi ndale ndi ofalitsa nkhani. United Nations imakhala yopanda mphamvu ngati mamembala ake sakuichirikiza. Koma ngati anthu savomereza, mamembala ambiri a United Nations sangaichirikize. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi kunena kwa The Wall Street Journal, “kulephera kwake kowopsa ku Somalia ndi Bosnia kwasonkhezera Aamereka ambiri kunena kuti gululo silili chabe lowonongetsa ndalama, komanso lowopsa kwenikweni.” Mzimu umenewu wa anthu wasonkhezeranso andale ena ku America kunena kuti United States achepetse thandizo lake la ndalama zochirikizira United Nations.
Magulu ofalitsa nkhani samachita manyazi akafuna kusuliza kwambiri United Nations. Mawu onga akuti “kusadziŵa konse ntchito,” “kupiringidzika,” “kusaphula kanthu,” ndi “kulephera” awagwiritsira ntchito momasuka pofotokoza mbali zosiyanasiyana za zochita za United Nations. The Washington Post National Weekly Edition posachedwapa inati “United Nations ikuchita ngati boma loikidwa longoyesera lochita zinthu pang’onopang’ono poyesayesa kuzoloŵerana ndi dziko lake.”
Nyuzipepala ina inagwira mawu Mlembi Wamkulu Boutros Boutros-Ghali kuti anali kusonyeza kukhumudwa kwake chifukwa cha kupululutsidwa kwa anthu ku Rwanda. Iye anati: “Kulepheraku si kwa United Nations yokha; ndi kulephera kwa maiko onse pa dziko lapansi. Ndipo ife tonse tili ndi thayo la kulephera kumeneku.” Programu ina yotchuka ya nkhani zapadera pawailesi yakanema mu 1993 inati United Nations “yalephera kuletsa chosokoneza mtendere chachikulu koposa—kufalikira kwa zida za nyukiliya.” Programu imeneyo pa TV inati United Nations “kwa zaka zambiri yangochulutsa zolankhula.”
Kukhumudwa kwa anthu ambiri kumeneku kukudetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri nduna za United Nations ndipo kukuwonjezera kutaya mtima kwawo. Komabe, ngakhale kuti pali kutaya mtima, ambiri akuoneka kuti akhalanso ndi chiyembekezo ndipo akhulupirira kuti padzakhala zatsopano chifukwa cha tsiku loyandikiralo lokondwerera chaka cha 50 cha United Nations. Ngakhale kuti anavomereza zolephera za United Nations, Kazembe Albright anatchula zimene ambiri anali kuganiza pamene anati: “Tiyenera kusiya kulankhula za kumene tachokera, ndipo tifunikira kulankhula za kumene tikupita.”
Inde, kodi dziko likupita kuti? Kodi dziko lopanda nkhondo lidzakhalakodi? Ngati zili choncho, kodi United Nations idzachita mbali yotani? Ndiponso, ngati mumawopa Mulungu, muyenera kufunsa kuti, ‘Kodi Mulungu adzachita mbali yotani?’
[Bokosi patsamba 4]
KUYESAYESA KOSAPHULA KANTHU
Sipangakhale mtendere ndi chisungiko ngati pali nkhondo, umphaŵi, upandu, ndi chinyengo. United Nations posachedwapa inasonyeza ziŵerengero zotsatirazi.
Nkhondo: “Pankhondo 82 zochitika pakati pa 1989 ndi 1992, 79 zinali zachiŵeniŵeni, zambiri zikumachitika pakati pa mafuko; 90 peresenti ya ophedwa anali anthu wamba.”—United Nations Department of Public Information (UNDPI)
Zida: “Gulu la ICRC [International Committee of the Red Cross] likuyerekezera kutti chaka ndi chaka makampani oposa 95 m’maiko 48 akupanga mabomba otchera pansi pakati pa 5 ndi 10 miliyoni ophera asilikali.”—United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
“Mu Afirika, muli mabomba otchera pansi pafupifupi 30 miliyoni m’maiko oposa 18 monse.”—UNHCR
Umphaŵi: “Padziko lonse, munthu mmodzi mwa asanu alionse—oposa mamiliyoni chikwi chimodzi onse pamodzi—ali mu umphaŵi wadzaoneni, ndipo okwana ngati 13 miliyoni mpaka 18 miliyoni amafa pachaka ndi mavuto aumphaŵi.”—UNDPI
Upandu: “Upandu wodziŵika wawonjezeka padziko lonse ndi avareji ya 5 peresenti chaka chilichonse chiyambire ma 1980; mu USA yekha, mumachitika maupandu 35 miliyoni pachaka.”—UNDPI
Chinyengo: “Chinyengo pantchito chikufalikira. M’maiko ena kusaona mtima pa zandalama akuti kumawonongetsa ndalama zokwana ngati 10 peresenti ya mtengo wa katundu yense wopangidwa m’maikowo pachaka.”—UNDPI