Kumanga pa Maziko Achikunja

CHIMODZI mwa zipilala zambiri zochititsa chidwi zimene alendo okacheza ku Rome, Italy, amaona ndi Pantheon (kachisi wopatulidwa kwa milungu yonse). Ntchito yaluso imeneyi pa zomangamanga zachiroma ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zoŵerengeka kumeneko zimene zidakali pafupifupi monga momwe zinalili m’masiku amakedzana. Agripa ndiye anayamba kumanga kachisiyo cha mu 27 B.C.E., ndipo anadzamangidwanso ndi Hadrian cha mu 120 C.E. Mbali ina yopatsa chidwi ya nyumbayi ndi denga lake la ngome lalikulu mamita 43 m’lifupi mwake, lomwe ndi nyumba zokha zamakono zomwe zikuliposa kukula kwake. Poyambirira Pantheon anali kachisi wachikunja, “malo a milungu yonse,” limene lili tanthauzo la liwu la Chigiriki loyambirira. Lero ndi tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika. Kodi kusintha kodabwitsa kumeneku kunachitika motani?

Mu 609 C.E., Papa Boniface IV anapatuliranso kachisiyu, amene kwa nthaŵi yaitali ankangokhala, monga tchalitchi “chachikristu.” Panthaŵi imeneyo, anapatsidwa dzina lakuti Tchalitchi cha Santa Maria Rotunda. Malinga ndi nkhani imene inafalitsidwa mu 1900 m’magazini achijezwiti ku Italy otchedwa La Civiltà Cattolica, ntchito yeniyeni imene Boniface anali nayo m’maganizo pa kachisiyu inali ya “kuwalemekezera pamodzi Akristu onse amene anafera chikhulupiriro chawo, kapena kuti, oyera mtima onse, koma woyamba ndi wofunika kwambiri ndi Namwali Amayi a Mulungu.” Mayina amene lerolino Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika chinapatsa Pantheon​—Santa Maria ad Martyres kapena, m’kunena kwina, Santa Maria Rotunda​—amasonyeza cholinga chosakhala cha m’malemba chimenecho.​—Yerekezerani ndi Machitidwe 14:8-15.

Kusintha Pantheon kuti agwirizane ndi ntchito yake yatsopano, “panangofunika ntchito yochepa,” nkhani imodzimodziyo inatero. “Boniface anatsatira malamulo apafupi ndi okoma mtima amene anali atakhazikitsidwa kale ndi St. Gregory Wamkulu [Papa Gregory I], amene iye anamuloŵa m’malo, katswiri waluso ndiponso chitsanzo chabwino pa kusintha makachisi achikunja kuti agwire ntchito pa kulambira kwachikristu.” Kodi malamulo amenewo ndiwo ati?

M’kalata yomwe analembera mmishonale amene anatumizidwa kwa akunja a ku Britain mu 601 C.E., Gregory anapereka malangizo aŵa: “Akachisi a mafano m’dzikolo sayenera kuwonongedwa; koma mafano okha amene ali mmenemo . . . Ngati akachisiwo ndi omangidwa bwino, n’kofunika kuti asinthidwe kuchoka pa kulambiriramo ziŵanda ndi kufika pomatumikiramo Mulungu woona.” Lingaliro la Gregory linali lakuti ngati anthu akunja aona kuti akachisi awo akale sanawonongedwe, angakhale ofunitsitsa kupitiriza kumadzaza akachisiwo. Papayo analemba kuti pamene kunali kwakuti akunja anali “kupha ng’ombe zambiri popereka nsembe kwa ziŵanda,” tsopano panali chiyembekezo chakuti “sakaperekanso nsembe kwa ziŵanda koma kuti azipha nyamazo kuti adzitsitsimule kuti atamande Mulungu.”

Chiroma Katolika “chinafafanizanso” kulambira kwachikunja mwa kukhazikitsa matchalitchi opatulidwa kwa otsogoza “achikristu” moyandikana kwambiri ndi akachisi akale. Anatengera mapwando akale ndi kuwapatsa tanthauzo la “Chikristu.” Kunena monga momwe inanenera La Civiltà Cattolica: “Kuti miyambo ndi mapwando ena achipembedzo a Akristu oyambirira anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi machitachita ena ndi njira zina zachikunja ndi zodziŵika kwa akatswiri onse masiku ano. Anali machitachita ofunika kwambiri kwa anthuwo, miyambo imene inali yokhazikitsidwa bwino kwambiri ndiponso yofunika pa moyo wa anthu onse ndiponso munthu mwini m’dziko lakalelo. Mayi wa matchalitchi, wokoma mtima ndi wanzeru, sanakhulupirire kuti anafunika kuichotsa; komano, mwa kuisintha mlingaliro lachikristu, kuikweza kuti idziŵike mwatsopano ndi kukhala yamoyo watsopano, anailaka mwa njira zimene zinali zamphamvu koma zofeŵa, kotero kuti adzipezere popanda chipwirikiti anthu wamba ndi ophunzira omwe.”

Zoonadi, chitsanzo chodziŵika bwino cha kutengera mapwando achikunja ndi chija cha Khirisimasi. Kwenikweni December 25 linali deti limene Aroma akale anali kukumbukira dies natalis Solis Invicti, ndiko kuti, “kuyamba kwa dzuŵa losagonjetseka.”

Motero pokhala ndi chikhumbo chofuna kukopa anthu akunja, tchalitchi sichinatsatire choonadi. Sichinaone vuto lililonse ndi kusakaniza zikhulupiriro, kutengera zikhulupiriro zachikunja ndi machitachita “ofunika kwa anthu wamba.” Chotsatira chake chinali chipembedzo cha zikhulupiriro zosakanikira, tchalitchi cha mpatuko, chosiyana kotheratu ndi ziphunzitso za Chikristu choona. Polingalira zimenezi, mwinamwake m’posadabwitsa kuti kachisi wakale wa Aroma wa “milungu yonse”​—Pantheon​—anakhala tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika chopatulidwa kwa Mariya ndi “oyera mtima” onse.

Komatu, kuyenera kukhala kodziŵikiratu kuti kusintha kupatulidwa kwa kachisi kapena dzina la phwando sikokwanira pofuna kusintha ‘kulambira kwa ziŵanda kukhala kutumikira Mulungu woona.’ “Chiphatikizo chake n’chanji ndi kachisi wa Mulungu ndi wa mafano?” anafunsa motero mtumwi Paulo. “Tulukani pakati pawo, ndipo patukani, ati Ambuye, ndipo musakhudza kanthu kosakonzeka; ndipo Ine ndidzalandira inu, ndipo ndidzakhala kwa inu Atate, ndi inu mudzakhala kwa Ine ana aamuna ndi aakazi, anena Ambuye Wamphamvuyonse.”​—2 Akorinto 6:16-18.