Phiri la Athos—Kodi Lili “Phiri Lopatulika”?
MAMEMBALA oposa 220 miliyoni a Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, amakhulupirira kuti Phiri la Athos, lomwe lili kumpoto kwa dziko la Greece, ndilo “phiri lopatulikitsa m’dziko la Chikristu cha Orthodox.” Chomwe ambiri a iwo amakhumba, ndicho kupanga ulendo wokaona ndi kukalambira ku “phiri lopatulika” la Athos. Kodi “phiri lopatulika” limeneli n’chiyani? Kodi ndi motani mmene ilo lakhalira lofunika chomwechi? Ndipo kodi lilidi “phiri” lomwe anthu oopa Mulungu ayenera kuyang’anako kaamba ka chitsogozo cha uzimu ndi kulambira koona?
Liwu lakuti “phiri lopatulika” limapezekadi m’Baibulo. N’logwirizana ndi kulambira kopatulika, koyera, ndi kokwezeka kwa Mulungu woona Yehova. Phiri la Ziyoni m’Yerusalemu wakale linadzakhala ‘phiri lopatulika,’ kapena kuti loyera, pamene Mfumu Davide anapititsa likasa la chipangano kumeneko. (Salmo 15:1; 43:3; 2 Samueli 6:12, 17) Kachisi wa Solomo atamangidwa pa Phiri la Moriya, malo onsewo omwe kachisiyo anali anadzakhala kumbali ya “Ziyoni”; chotero Ziyoni linakhalabe ‘phiri loyera’ la Mulungu. (Salmo 2:6; Yoweli 3:17) Popeza kuti kachisi wa Mulungu anali m’Yerusalemu, nthaŵi zina mzinda umenewo unkatchedwanso kuti ‘phiri lopatulika’ la Mulungu.—Yesaya 66:20; Danieli 9:16, 20.
Bwanji nanga lerolino? Kodi Phiri la Athos, kapena nsonga ya chitunda china chilichonse, ndi “phiri lopatulika” kumene anthu ayenera kusonkhanako kuti akalambire Mulungu movomerezeka?
“Phiri Lopatulika” la Nyumba za Amonke
Phiri la Athos lili m’malire mwenimweni, kummaŵa kwa chilumba cha Chalcidice kumapeto kwenikweni kwa kamkwasa ka dziko komwe kali m’nyanja ya Aegean cha kummaŵa kwa mzinda wamakono wa Thessaloníki. Ilo ndi nsonga ya mwala wa nsangalabwi yochititsa chidwi zedi yomwe n’njotsetsereka kwambiri kuchokera m’nyanja kufika pamutu pake pa utali wa mamitala 2,032.
Kwa nthaŵi yaitali, Athos alingaliridwa kukhala malo opatulika. Nthano zachigiriki zimati unali mudzi wa milungu Phiri la Olympus lisanakhale mudzi wawo. Nthaŵi inayake pambuyo pa Constantine Wamkulu (zaka za m’zana lachinayi C.E.), Athos anadzakhala malo opatulika kwa matchalitchi achikristu. Nthano ina imati, “namwali” Mariya, limodzi ndi Mlaliki Yohane ali paulendo wawo wopita kukachezera Lazaro ku Kupro, anaima pa Athos chifukwa cha mkuntho wamphamvu womwe unayamba mwadzidzidzi. Atachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa phirilo, Mariya anapempha Yesu kuti am’patse phirilo. Chifukwa cha chimenecho, Athos linadziŵikanso ndi dzina lakuti “Munda wa Namwali Woyera.” M’kati mwa nyengo ya Byzantine, kachitunda konse ka mwala wokhawokha kameneko kanayamba kudziŵika ngati Phiri Lopatulika. Dzina limeneli linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo ndi movomerezeka m’zaka zapakati za zana la 11 potsatira lamulo la Monomachus, Mfumu Constantine yachisanu ndi chinayi.
Chifukwa cha ziphompho zake, ndikutinso n’lotalikirana ndi malo ena, Athos ali malo oyenerera kaamba ka moyo wodzikana. M’kupita kwa zaka mazana ambiri, maloŵa anakopa amuna achipembedzo ochokera m’mayiko omwe chipembedzo cha Orthodox n’chofala, monga Greece, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia, ndi enanso, omwe anamanga nyumba zambiri za amonke, komanso matchalitchi ndi midzi yawo. Mwa nyumba zimenezi, 20 zikalipobe.
Phiri la Athos Lerolino
Lerolino, Athos ndi dera loima palokha, ndipo chikalata chonena za kudziimiraku chinavomerezedwa m’chaka cha 1926. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, chiŵerengero cha amonke okhala kumeneko chakwera tsopano kuposa pa 2,000.
Nyumba iliyonse ya amonke ili ndi minda yakeyake, akachisi, ndi malo okhala anthu. Malo aakulu opatulika a anthu ofuna kukhala kwaokha amapezeka m’mudzi wa Karoúlia, womangidwa pamwamba kwambiri kumapeto kwenikweni kwa phiri la Athos. Kuti mufike patinyumba ta kumeneku, muyenera kuyenda pansi m’njira zambiri zokhotakhota, m’miyala yokwerera, ndi pogwiritsa ntchito maunyolo. Pa Athos, amonke amatsatirabe miyambo yawo yakale yamapemphero tsiku ndi tsiku, kugwiritsa ntchito koloko ya Byzantine (tsiku limayamba pamene dzuwa likuloŵa) komanso kalendala ya Julian (imatsala ndi masiku 13 tikaiyerekeza ndi kalendala ya Gregorian).
Ngakhale kuti malo achipembedzo ameneŵa akunenedwa kukhala atalandira “chiyero” chake kuchokera kwa mkazi, kwa zaka 1,000 amonke ndi anthu ake ofuna kukhala kwaokha akhala akunena kuti chamoyo chilichonse chachikazi, anthu ndi nyama, sichiyenera kupezeka pa chilumba chonsecho, komanso mwamuna aliyense amene anafulidwa kapena amene alibe ndevu. Posachedwa pompa, athetsa lamulo lokhudza amene alibe ndevu ndi nyama zina zazikazi, koma azimayi saŵalolabe kuyenda mtunda woposa mamitala 500 kugombe la Athos.
“Phiri Lopatulika” kwa Onse
Kodi Athos ndi “phiri lopatulika” kumene Akristu oopa Mulungu ayenera kupitako kukalambira? Polankhula ndi mkazi wa ku Samariya yemwe ankakhulupirira kuti Mulungu ayenera kulambiridwa m’Phiri la Gerizimu, Yesu ananena momveka bwino kuti palibe phiri lina lililonse lomwe lidzatchedwa malo olambirirako Mulungu. Yesu anati: “Ikudza nthaŵi, imene simudzalambira Atate kapena [m’Gerizimu], kapena m’Yerusalemu.” Chifukwa chiyani? ‘Mulungu ndiye mzimu; ndipo om’lambira Iye ayenera kum’lambira mumzimu ndi m’choonadi.’—Yohane 4:21, 24.
Ponena za nthaŵi yathu ino, mneneri Yesaya analosera kuti “phiri [lophiphiritsira] la nyumba ya Yehova lidzakhazikika pa nsonga ya mapiri, ndipo lidzakwezedwa pamwamba pa zitunda,” ndikuti anthu amitundu yonse, mophiphiritsira adzasonkhana kumeneko.—Yesaya 2:2, 3.
Amuna ndi akazi omwe akufuna unansi wovomerezeka ndi Mulungu akuitanidwa kudzalambira Yehova “mumzimu ndi m’choonadi.” Miyandamiyanda ya anthu dziko lonse lapansi yapeza njira yomka nayo ku ‘phiri la Yehova.’ Iwo, monganso ena, amavomereza malingaliro a loya wachigiriki yemwe anati ponena za Athos: “Ndikukayikira ngati uzimu uli wotsekeredwa m’makoma kapena m’nyumba za amonke.”—Yerekezani ndi Machitidwe 17:24.
[Bokosi patsamba 31]
Chuma Chobisika Kalekale
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, amonke a ku Athos asonkhanitsa chuma chamtengo wapatali zedi chomwe chikuphatikizapo mipukutu yolembedwa pamanja pafupifupi 15,000, ina akuti ndi ya m’zaka za m’zana lachinayi, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ikhale ina mwa zolemba zamtengo wapatali zedi. Kuli mipukutu, mabuku athunthu ndi masamba a Mauthenga Abwino, masalmo ndi nyimbo zotamanda Mulungu, kuwonjezera pa zojambula ndi utoto zakale kwambiri, ziboliboli, ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo. Akulingalira kuti m’Phiri la Athos muli gawo limodzi la magawo anayi a mipukutu yolembedwa pamanja yachigiriki ya padziko lonse, ngakhale kuti zambiri zingafunikire kuzigaŵa m’magulu bwino lomwe. Kwanthaŵi yoyamba, m’chaka cha 1997, amonke analola kuti china cha chuma chawocho chikaonetsedwe ku Thessaloníki.
[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 31]
Telis/Greek National Tourist Organization