Inganji nganzabami zitera Igihugu c’Isezerano
SAMARIYA, umurwa mukuru w’ubwami bwa Isirayeli bwo mu Buraruko, yarigaruriwe n’Abashuri mu 740 B.G.C. Abisirayeli baciye bagwa mu minwe y’inganji nganzabami y’inkazi. Ashuri yari iherereye ku mpera yo mu Buraruko bw’ibiyaya vya Mezopotamiya, hafi y’Uruzi Tigiri, rumwe mu nzuzi nininini zo mu Karere Kimbuka. Nimurodi yari yarashinze ibisagara bikurubikuru vya Ashuri ari vyo Ninewe na Kala (It 10:8-12). Mu misi ya Shalumaneseri wa gatatu, Ashuri yaraguwe amaja mu Burengero, ishika mu turere turimwo amazi menshi kandi twimbuka tw’i Siriya no mu Buraruko bwa Isirayeli.
Mu gihe c’Umwami Tigulati-pileseri wa gatatu (Puli) avugwa muri Bibiliya, Ashuri yaratanguye guhahaza Isirayeli. Isekeza ingabo ziwe zagize ryarashitse no ku Buyuda, na bwo bukaba bwari buherereye mu Bumanuko (2Abm 15:19; 16:5-18). Mu nyuma, “amazi” y’isegenya y’i Ashuri yarakwiragiye mu Buyuda, amaherezo ashika no ku murwa mukuru waho ari wo Yeruzalemu.—Yes 8:5-8.
Senakeribu Umwami w’i Ashuri yarateye Ubuyuda mu 732 B.G.C. (2Abm 18:13, 14). Yarigaruriye yongera aranyaga ibisagara vy’Ubuyuda 46, ushizemwo Lakishi, iyari iherereye muri Shefela ahantu hayorohereza mu bintu vyinshi. Nk’uko ikarata ivyerekana, ivyo vyatumye ingabo ziwe zidashobora kwinjira i Yeruzalemu, gutyo zikikuza uwo murwa mukuru w’Ubuyuda. Mu nkuru za kahise zivuga ivyiwe, Senakeribu yirase avuga yuko yugarije Hezekiya “nk’inyoni iri mu cari”, mugabo ivyandiko vy’Abashuri ntibivuga ukuntu ingabo za Senakeribu zishwe n’umumarayika w’Imana.—2Abm 18:17-36; 19:35-37.
Imisi y’inganji nganzabami ya Ashuri yari isigaye ku rushi. Abamedi, abibera canecane mw’itaba ry’imisozi y’igihugu ubu citwa Irani, baciye batangura kurwana n’ingabo z’Abashuri zari zisigaye. Ivyo vyatumye Ashuri itaba icitaho intara zayo zo mu Burengero, izaciye na zo nyene zitangura kugarariza. Muri ico gihe nyene, Abanyababiloni bariko barushiriza gukomera, mbere barafata n’igisagara ca Ashuri. Mu 632 B.G.C., Ninewe, “igisagara kivisha amaraso”, haraguye mu maboko y’urunani rugizwe n’Abanyababiloni, Abamedi be n’Abasikiti. Abasikiti bari abantu bo mu Buraruko bw’Ikiyaga Cirabura bakunda indwano. Ivyo vyarashikije ubuhanuzi bwa Nahumu na Zefaniya.—Nah 3:1; Zf 2:13.
Iherezo rya Ashuri ryabereye i Harani. Igihe Abashuri baterwa n’ingabo simusiga z’Abanyababiloni, baragerageje kubandanya barwana gushika abo kubafasha bavuye mu Misiri bashike. Mugabo rero, Farawo Neko ariko agenda yerekeza mu Buraruko, Umwami Yosiya w’Ubuyuda yamutangiriye i Megido (2Ng 35:20). Igihe amaherezo Neko yashika i Harani, amazi yari yamaze kurenga inkombe, inganji nganzabami ya Ashuri yari yamaze gutembagazwa.
Inganji nganzabami ya Babiloni
Imvugo ngo “ubusitani bwenetse hejuru” ikwibutsa ikihe gisagara? Ikwibutsa Babiloni, umurwa mukuru w’intwaro nganzasi yitirirwa iryo zina nyene, kandi mu buryo menyeshakazoza ikaba igereranywa n’intambwe ifise amababa (Dn 7:4). Ico gisagara cari kizwi cane kubera ubutunzi bwaco, urudandaza rwaco hamwe n’ivy’idini be n’ivy’ukuragurisha inyenyeri vyaho vyari biteye imbere. Iyo nganji nganzabami yari iherereye mu biyaya bijaga vyo mu Bumanuko bwa Mezopotamiya, hagati y’Uruzi Tigiri n’Uruzi Efurate. Uruzi Efurate rwaca muri ico gisagara, kandi impome zaco zatuma umuntu abona ko umenga ni igisagara c’intamenwa.
Abanyababiloni baraciye amabarabara y’ivy’ubudandaji yaca mu bugaragwa bw’urubuyebuye bwo mu Buraruko bwa Arabiya. Harageze aho Umwami Nabonide aja kuba i Tema, arareka Belushaza aba ari we aganza i Babiloni.
Babiloni yateye Kanani incuro zitatu. Inyuma y’aho Nebukadineza atsindiye Abanyamisiri i Karikeme(i)shi mu 625 B.G.C., Abanyababiloni barabandanije berekeza mu Bumanuko gushika i Hamati, aho hakaba ari ho bongeye kunesha Abanyamisiri bariko basubira inyuma. Abanyababiloni baciye bamanukana inkokoro gushika mu mwonga wa Misiri, bahita basangangura Ashikeloni (2Abm 24:7; Yr 47:5-7). Mu gihe c’iryo sekeza, Ubuyuda bwaciye buganzwa na Babiloni.—2Abm 24:1.
Umwami w’Ubuyuda Yehoyakimu yaragararije mu 618 B.G.C. Babiloni yaciye irungika ingabo zo mu mahanga ahegereye kuja gutera Ubuyuda, ingabo za Babiloni na zo zikikuza Yeruzalemu hanyuma zirahigarurira. Hataraca n’igihe, Umwami Zedekiya yatumye Abanyababiloni barakarira cane Ubuyuda kubera ubwami bwiwe yabwunze kuri Misiri. Barongeye gutera hanyuma batangura gusangangura ibisagara vy’Ubuyuda (Yr 34:7). Amaherezo, Nebukadineza yarahindukirije ingabo ziwe kuri Yeruzalemu, arahigarurira mu 607 B.G.C.—2Ng 36:17-21; Yr 39:10.
[Uruzitiro ku rup. 23]
IBITABU VYA BIBILIYA VYO MURI ICO KIRINGO:
Hoseya
Yesaya
Mika
Imigani (igice)
Zefaniya
Nahumu
Habakuki
Gucura intimba
Obadiya
Ezekiyeli
1 na 2 Abami
Yeremiya
[Ikarata ku rup. 23]
(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico gitabu)
Inganji nganzabami y’Abashuri/Inganji nganzabami ya Babiloni
Inganji nganzabami y’Abashuri
B4 Mofu (Nofu)
B4 Sowani
B5 MISIRI
C2 KUPURO (KITIMU)
C3 Sidoni
C3 Tiro
C3 Megido
C3 Samariya
C4 Yeruzalemu
C4 Ashikeloni
C4 Lakishi
D2 Harani
D2 Karikeme(i)shi
D2 Arupadi
D2 Hamati
D3 Ribula
D3 SIRIYA
D3 Damasiko
E2 Gozani
E2 MEZOPOTAMIYA
F2 MINI
F2 ASHURI
F2 Korosabadi
F2 Ninewe
F2 Kala
F2 Ashuri
F3 BABILONI
F3 Babiloni
F4 KALUDAYA
F4 Ereki
F4 Uri
G3 Shushani
G4 ELAMU
Inganji nganzabami ya Babiloni
C3 Sidoni
C3 Tiro
C3 Megido
C3 Samariya
C4 Yeruzalemu
C4 Ashikeloni
C4 Lakishi
D2 Harani
D2 Karikeme(i)shi
D2 Arupadi
D2 Hamati
D3 Ribula
D3 SIRIYA
D3 Damasiko
D5 Tema
E2 Gozani
E2 MEZOPOTAMIYA
E4 ARABIYA
F2 MINI
F2 ASHURI
F2 Korosabadi
F2 Ninewe
F2 Kala
F2 Ashuri
F3 BABILONI
F3 Babiloni
F4 KALUDAYA
F4 Ereki
F4 Uri
G3 Shushani
G4 ELAMU
[Other locations]
G2 UBUMEDI
Amabarabara makurumakuru (See publication)
[Amazi]
B3 Ikiyaga Mediterane (Ikiyaga Kinini)
C5 Ikiyaga Gitukura
H1 Ikiyaga Kasupiyene
H2 Ikigobe c’Abarabu
[Inzuzi]
B5 Nili
E2 Efurate
E3 Tigiri
[Ifoto ku rup. 22]
Agasozi Lakishi
[Ifoto ku rup. 22]
Ukuntu Megido ya kera yari imeze
[Ifoto ku rup. 23]
Ukuntu ubusitani bwa Babiloni bwenetse hejuru bwoba bwari bumeze