Chiwawa m’Maseŵera—Kodi Chikuwonjezekeranji?

KUNENA kwakuti “maseŵera ndiwo umoyo” nkwachikale. Nthaŵi zakale adokotala Achigriki adanena kuti maseŵera achikatikati angabweretse umoyo wabwino.

Komabe, lerolino zochitika zambiri za maseŵera sizirinso za umoyo kwa otengamo mbali ndi openyerera. Chiwawa m’maseŵera chafikira pa milingo yakuti bungwe lodalirika, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Europe, lavomereza kupenda kwakutali “pa kusakaza zinthu ndi chiwawa m’maseŵera.” Povutitsidwa ndi kuwopsya kwa kulimbana zochitika zamaseŵera zisanayambe ndi pambuyo pake, pakati pa oseŵera ndi pakati pa ochemerera a matimu opikisanawo, ziŵalo za Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Europe zinasanthula vutolo m’mbali zake zosiyanasiyana, zoyambitsa zake, ndi miyezo yothekera yolithetsera. Kodi anapezanji, ndipo kodi chiwawa m’maseŵera chakhala cha mitundu yotani?

‘Vuto Lofalikira’

Mpira, womwe uli maseŵera okondeka kwambiri m’dziko, umasulizidwa koposa, komabe chifupifupi mitundu ina yonse ya maseŵera ikuloŵetsedwamo m’vutoli. Mu 1988 chiwawa chinabuka mkati mwa mipikisano yolimbirana chikho ya mitundu yonse ya ku Europe yochitidwira m’Germany. Pamapeto pa maseŵera ophatikizapo timu ya mtundu wawo, ochemerera a ku Britain anayambitsa ndewu yowopsya yomwe inathera m’kuvulazidwa kwa apolisi, kusakazidwa kwa katundu, ndipo anthu 300 anamangidwa. Pambuyo pa chilakiko cha timu ya ku Italy mkati mwa mipikisano yolimbirana chikho imodzimodziyo, anthu atatu anamwalira ndi chisangalalo chopambanitsa.

Mu Britain anthu ankhalwe a mbiri yoipa amafesa kuda nkhaŵa kulikonse kumene amapita, kuthandiza “kuwononga kutchuka kwa mpira Wachingelezi m’dzikomo ndi kunja,” monga mmene The Guardian inanenera. Ndipo nthaŵi zambiri mkati mwa nyengo ina ya maseŵera, makope a tsiku Lolemba a manyuzipepala a maseŵera a ku Italy amalankhula za Masande “a mdima”—zochitika za maseŵera zomwe zimathera m’kukangana kwakupha, kuvulazika, ndi kudulidwa ziŵalo. Malo amaseŵera akhala, monga mmene nyuzipepala ya maseŵera ina inaikira icho, “mabwalo a nkhondo ya chizembera.” Koma mikhalidwe yoteroyo siri yolekezera ku Britain ndi Italy. Netherlands, Germany, Soviet Union, Spain, ndi maiko ena ambiri akulimbananso ndi vuto limodzimodzilo.

“Nkhondo ya Ochemerera”

Ochemerera ena, pamene ukali wawo uputidwa ndi kufalitsa kwa manyuzipepala, amayambitsa ndewu m’zochitika za maseŵera. Mu mpira maultrà a ku Italy kapena anthu ankhalwe a ku Britain amasonkhana pamodzi kumbuyo kwa mbendera zokhala ndi mitu yonga ngati “Red Army” kapena “Tiger Command.” Wochemerera mpirayo, monga mmene munthu wankhalwe wina ananenera, “amafuna kumenyana, kugonjetsa m’gawo la otsutsa.” M’masitandi a mabwalo amaseŵera, mikhalidwe imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi ija yopezeka m’mabwalo a zamaseŵera Achiroma akale, kumene openyerera anasonkhezera olimbanawo kuti aphe adani awo. Ndipo korasi ya chisonkhezero ya ochemerera imaloŵetsamo kutukwana ndi masilogani aufuko.

Kaŵirikaŵiri ochemerera amanyamula zida zowopsya. Kufufuza kopangidwa ndi apolisi maseŵera ena asanayambe kwavumbula zida zakupha—mipeni, mfuti zamoto, ndi mipira ya billiard. Timivi totchedwa darts takunsonga kwachitsulo timaponyeredwa pa masitandi a mabwalo amaseŵera a ku Britain!

Kuloŵereramo kwa Boma

Kupenda kwa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Europe kunachenjeza maboma kutenga miyezo yamphamvu yothetsera chiwawa m’masewera. Mwachitsanzo, boma la Britain latenga masitepi oterowo pansi pa chitsogozo cha nduna yaikulu ya boma, Margaret Thatcher. Mayi Thatcher awumilira pa kutengera malamulo amphamvu koposa, onga ngati makadi okakamiza a chizindikiritso oloŵera m’mabwalo a maseŵera. Ngati eni ake apezeka ndi milandu ya machitidwe a chiwawa, makadiwo alandidwa. Kuwonjezerapo, mu Britain muli makonzedwe a kumanga kapena kukonzanso malo a maseŵera kuti akhale ndi makamera a wailesi yakanema yowonetsa zamkatimo yoyang’anira ochemerera, kumanga malinga olekanitsa ochemerera a magulu osiyana, ndi kuchotsa zinthu zirizonse zokhoza kuyaka. Apolisi aloŵerera m’magulu a anthu ankhalwe, amene ali ochemerera achiwawa koposa, ndi cholinga chofuna kudziŵa atsogoleri awo ndi kuwamanga.

Masitepi akutengedwanso m’maiko ena. Akuluakulu a zamaseŵera mu Italy, m’chigwirizano ndi Unduna Wowona za Mkati mwa Dziko, asankhapo kugwiritsira ntchito waya wa minga m’mabwalo a zamaseŵera limodzinso ndi ukonde wochinjiriza, mahelikopita, magulu a apolisi, ndi makamera a wailesi ya kanema yowonetsa zamkatimo. Alingaliranso za kuika gulu la asilikali a nkhondo m’mabwalo a zamaseŵera. Mkati mwa kukonzekera kwa Maseŵera a Olympic ochitidwira mu Seoul, Korea, mu 1988, akuluakuluwo anaphunzitsa apolisi molimbanira ndi kuwukira kwa zigaŵenga.

Kenaka palinso machitidwe achiwawa olunjikitsidwa kwa oweruza (referees). Mkati mwa nyengo yaposachedwapa ya mpira mu Italy, oweruza 690 anali minkhole. Woweruza pa maseŵera a nkhonya ku maseŵera Olympic mu Seoul anawukiridwa mowopsya ndi ophunzitsa limodzinso ndi apolisi omwe sanavomerezane ndi chosankhacho.

Pambali pa chiwopsyezo ku miyoyo ya anthu, palinso mtengo wa zachuma wokulira ku chiwawa cha maseŵera. Sikutulutsidwa kwa mazana a zikwi za madola otayikiridwa ochititsidwa ndi kuba, kufunkha, ndi kusakaza komanso mitengo ya chitetezo. Pa tsiku la nthaŵi zonse pa kalenda ya mpira ya ku Britain, chifupifupi $700,000 zimawonongedwa pa chitetezo chapolisi chokha.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji pali nkhalwe ya uchinyama yoteroyo?

Chiwawa—“Chozikika” m’Njira Imene Maseŵera Amachitidwira Lerolino

Lerolino, chiwawa chaukali chakhala chikugwirizanitsidwa ndi maseŵera. Mosangalatsa, gulu limodzimodzilo lomwe linakonza chigamulo chotengedwa ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Europe linasonyeza kuti “chiwawa sichiri mbali yaikulu ya maseŵera, koma chiri chozikika m’mikhalidwe imene maseŵera amachitidwira ndi nsonga yakuti malamulo amaseŵera, ngati angatchedwe tero, sangachiletse icho mokwanira.” Kodi nchifukwa ninji ziri choncho?

Chabwino, pambali pa machitidwe achiwawa a ochemerera, iri njira imene maseŵera amachitidwira yomwe yasintha. M’chitaganya mwenimweni, muli “chiwawa chomakulakula,” monga momwe inadziŵitsira Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Europe. Ndiponso, dziko lamaseŵera silimagogomezeranso pa ntchito ya thupi yokha. Mwachitsanzo, mu Athens mu 1896, pa Maseŵera oyambirira a Olympic ochitidwa mu nthaŵi zamakono, gulu la othamanga a ku Britain sanayeneretsedwa chifukwa anaphunzitsidwa maseŵerawo asanayambike. Kuphunzira kwenikweniko chochitika chamaseŵera chisanayambike kunalingaliridwa kukhala kosemphana ndi mzimu wa kupanda luso womwe unakulitsidwa pa nthaŵiyo. Lerolino nkhani yoteroyo ingaseketse anthu ambiri.

Pamapeto pa nkhondo yoyamba ya dziko ndipo makamaka pambuyo pa nkhondo ya dziko yachiŵiri, anthu okhala m’maiko otchedwa otukuka akhala ndi nthaŵi yaufulu yowonjezereka. Zosangulutsa zakhala ntchito yopatsa phindu m’dziko la bizinezi. Zikondwerero zandalama zatenga malo awo pambali pa zikondwerero za mtundu ndi mayanjano. Zochitika za maseŵera za lerolino ziri “chochitika mu chimene mbali za ndalama, ndale zadziko, ndi mayanjano zimalamulira.” M’mawu ena, maseŵera akhala “chochitika cha unyinji.” Kaŵirikaŵiri kupambana kumatanthauza mamiliyoni a madola kwa olakikawo! Wailesi ya kanema yathandiziranso ku kutchuka kwa maseŵera ndipo ingakhale inawonjezera ku ukali wa maseŵera. Kaŵirikaŵiri makamera a TV amakhalirira pa maseŵera achiwawa m’malo mwa zochitika zomwe zimawonedwa kukhala zofatsa, kuwabwereza iwo mobwerezabwereza mwa kuseŵeranso. Chotero TV ingakulitse mosayenerera ziyambukiro za maseŵera a chiwawa m’maganizo mwa ochemerera ndi oseŵera a mtsogolo. Maseŵera opanda luso kulibekonso, ndipo m’malomwake kuli “maseŵera opanda luso a ukatswiri,” monga mmene nyuzipepala imodzi inawatchulira, polankhula za makumi a zikwi za madola opezedwa ndi othamanga mu Seoul mkati mwa maseŵera a Olympic a 1988.

Utundu umapangitsa othamanga, ophunzitsa, oyang’anira, ndi openyerera kuika lingaliro lopambanitsa ku chilakiko. Pambuyo pa zochitika za maseŵera za mitundu yonse, ulemu wachilakiko umaikidwa ku mbali yopambana, mongadi mmene anachitira akazembe olakika pamene anabwerera kumudzi mu nthaŵi zakale. Izi zawonedwa m’zaka zaposachedwapa mu Italy, Argentina, ndi Netherlands, kumene othamanga m’chenicheni amalimbikira kotheratu, mosasamala kanthu za chirichonse. Ndipo ochemerera amalimbikitsa iwo, akumapitirira muyeso m’kusonyeza kukhulupirika kwawo ku timu kapena ku mtundu wawo, akumadzutsa nkhondo zaukali kumayambiriro, mkati, ndi pamapeto pa chochitika cha maseŵera.

Mpikisano wa mpira wolimbirana chikho wa mitunduyonse ya mu Europe usanayambike mu 1988, magazine ya mlungu ndi mlungu ya ku Germany Der Spiegel inanena kuti panali mantha akuti chochitikachi chikakhala “malo oyenerera a msanganizo wophulika koposa wa mkwiyo, utundu, ndi neo-Fascism.”

Mtundu Wina Wachiwawa

Komatu sizokhazi zomwe ziriko ku chiwawa m’maseŵera. Pa maseŵera a Olympic a mu 1988 mu Seoul, “upandu wa kutemera mangolomera” unabuka. Kutemera mangolomera, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ogodomalitsa opanda lamulo komwe kumakulitsa mlingo wa mphamvu ya othamanga ndi kuwalola iwo kufikira kachitidwe kapamwamba kuposa maluso awo achibadwa akuthupi, kumachititsa chiwawa ponse paŵiri ku mzimu wa maseŵera ndi thanzi la othamangawo.

Kodi vutoli nlofalikira motani?

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]

Kaŵirikaŵiri makamera a TV amakhalirira pa maseŵera achiwawa, kuwabwereza iwo mobwerezabwereza mwa kuseŵeranso

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Utundu umawonjezera lingaliro lopambanitsa la kufunika kwa chilakiko

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Nancie Battaglia