Kufunafuna Mtendere ndi Chisungiko
Anthu ambiri ali ndi chikhumbo chachibadwa cha mtendere ndi bata, koma chikhumbocho chakhumudwitsidwa kupyola mbali yaikulu ya mbiri ya munthu. Komabe, m’zaka zaposachedwapa pakhala zipambano zowonekera m’kufunafuna mtendere kwa munthu, monga mmene ndandanda yotsatirayi ikusonyezera.
1985: (October) Mitundu Yogwirizana ikondwerera chaka chake chakubadwa cha 40 ndi kulengeza 1986 kukhala Chaka cha Mtendere wa Mitundu Yonse.
(November) Msonkhano woyamba wa maiko amphamvu m’zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pamene Gorbachev ndi Reagan akumana; Reagan alankhula za “kuyamba kwatsopano.”
1986: (January) Gorbachev aitanira kuletsa zida zanyukliya zonse podzafika chaka cha 2000.
(September) Msonkhano wa Miyezo Yomangilira Chidaliro ndi Chisungiko ndi Kuchotsedwa kwa Zida mu Europe (maiko 35, kuphatikizapo United States, Canada, Soviet Union, ndi Europe yonse kusiyapo Albania) asaina pangano la kuchepetsa ngozi ya nkhondo yamwadzidzidzi.
(October) Kukumana kwa Reagan ndi Gorbachev mu Iceland kulephera, ngakhale kuti Gorbachev amati iwo anali panjira ya “kupanga zosankha zopanga mbiri zazikulu.”
1987: (January) Lamulo la glasnost (kumasuka) liwoneka kukhala likusonya ku nyengo yatsopano mu Soviet Union.
(March) Kuchezera koyamba kwa nduna yaikulu yaboma la Britain ku Moscow m’zaka 12.
(December) Gorbachev ndi Reagan asaina pangano la INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) kuchotsapo mamisaelo aakulu a nyukliya.
1988: (March) Nicaragua ndi okana Chikomyunizimu asaina kuleka nkhondo, kuyamba makambitsirano ofikira chigamulo cha nthaŵi yonse.
(April) Soviet Union ilengeza kuchotsa asilikali ankhondo mu Afghanistan podzafika February 1989; Ethiopia ndi Somalia avomerezana kuthetsa mkangano.
(May) Vietnam ilengeza kuchotsa asilikali 50,000 mu Kampuchea chaka chisanathe, otsalawo podzafika 1990.
(June) Nduna Yaikulu Yaboma la Australia Bob Hawke inena za kukumana kwa Gorbachev ndi Reagan mu Moscow kuti: “Kwa nthaŵi yoyamba m’nyengo yonse ya pambuyo pa nkhondo, pali zizindikiro zenizeni za kufika kwa dziko limene lingakhale mu mtendere mwachimangiliro.”
(July) Iran ilengeza kulandira kwake lamulo la UN lopempha kuleka nkhondo mu nkhondo ya Iran ndi Iraq ya zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
(August) United States ivomereza kulipira ngongole zogwidwa ku UN, kachitidwe kotengedwa kale ndi Soviet, chotero kuthandiza kuthetsa vuto la zachuma la UN ndi kuiika mu mkhalidwe watsopano.
(September) Magulu ankhondo yachizembera a Morocco ndi Polisario avomereza makonzedwe a UN a kuthetsa nkhondo ya zaka 13 mu Western Sahara.
(October) Asilikali osunga mtendere a UN apatsidwa Mphotho ya Nobel kaamba ka Mtendere; Libya ndi Chad mwalamulo athetsa nkhondo ya zaka zambiri.
(December) Ku UN, Gorbachev alengeza kuchepetsa mokulira magulu ankhondo pawokha a Soviet mkati mwa zaka ziŵiri ndi kuchotsa asilikali ndi akasinja mu Czechoslovakia, Hungary, ndi German Democratic Republic; South Africa, Namibia, ndipo Cuba ivomereza kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo la UN pa April 1, 1989, kupatsa Namibia ufulu wodzilamulira ndi kuthetsa nkhondo ya zaka 22; kuchotsedwa kwa theka la asilikali 50,000 a ku Cuba mu Angola podzafika November 1, otsalawo podzafika July 1, 1991; United States ikuvomereza kulankhula ndi Palestine Liberation Organization pambuyo pakuti Yasser Arafat wapereka chitsimikiziro cha kuyenera kwa Israyeli “kukhala mtendere ndi chisungiko.”
1989: (January) Maiko 149 opezeka ku Msonkhano wa ku Paris pa Zida Zamankhwala akuitanira pa kuchitapo kanthu kofulumira kwa kuletsa kukulitsa, kupanga, kusunga, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zida za mankhwala.
(February) Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, ndi Guatemala asaina pangano la kusungilira mtendere mu Central America; gulu lowukira lalikulu koposa la Colombia, FARC (Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces), ilengeza kuleka nkhondo, ikumadzutsa ziyembekezo zakuti nkhondo yachizembera ya zaka 35 ingathetsedwe.
(March) Nduna zaboma zoyang’anira zakunja zochokera m’maiko 35 ziyamba kukambitsirana mu Vienna ponena za CFE (Negotiations on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe), yolinganizidwira kuchepetsa magulu ankhondo mu Europe.
(April) Vietnam ilengeza kuchotsa asilikali onse mu Kampuchea podzafika September 30.
(May) Hungary iyamba kupasula chochinga chake cha waya waminga wa zaka 40 pa malire ake ndi Austria; pa kukumana koyamba kwa atsogoleri a Soviet ndi a China m’zaka zoposa 30, a ku Soviet alengeza kuchepetsa asilikali ankhondo a ku Asia; a ku Soviet ayamba kuchotsa asilikali ndi zida zankhondo pawokha mu Eastern Europe.
(June) Chiitano cha Bush cha kuchepetsa asilikali pa mlingo wokulira, akasinja, mfuti, ndi ndege mu Europe podzafika 1992 kukutsogolera nyuzi magazine kunena kuti: “Iko kungatseguledi khomo ku kuchepetsa mfuti kwakukulu chiyambire mapeto a Nkhondo ya Dziko ya II.”
(August) Maiko asanu a ku Central America avomerezana pa makonzedwe othetsa nkhalwe mu Nicaragua.
Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za zipambano zosangalatsa zimenezi, maiko ambiri adakali kutali kwenikweni ndi kusangalala ndi mtendere. Anthu adakafabe mu Nothern Ireland, Lebanon, Sudan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, ndi Philippines—kungotchula oŵerengeka okha—chifukwa cha kachitidwe ka zankhondo. Chotero, pamene kuli kwakuti ambiri amadzimva achidaliro kuposa ndi kale lonse ponena za ziyembekezo za mtendere, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti wa pakavalo wachiŵiri wa Apocalypse, “kavalo wofiira” wa nkhondo, akuthamangabe kupyola dziko lapansi.—Chibvumbulutso 6:3, 4.