Kodi Okhulupirika Ali Kuti?
YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU SPAIN
“Palibe chinthu chakupha chipembedzo kuposa mphwayi.”
EDMUND BURKE, MKULU WABOMA WACHIBRITISHI WA M’ZAKA ZA ZANA LA 18.
MU Chigwa china chokunthidwa ndi mphepo kumpoto kwa Spain muli tauni yaing’ono ya Caleruega. Tauni ya m’nthaŵi zapakatiyo njotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mishoni yochititsa chidwi ya mpangidwe wakale wa ku Roma. Inamangidwa zaka 700 zapitazo molemekeza Domingo de Guzmán, woyambitsa gulu lachidominiki, amene anabadwira kumeneko. Kwa zaka mazana asanu ndi aŵiri mishoniyo yasamalira avirigo amene amasankha kukhala m’mkhalidwe wabata ndi wodzipatula.
Denga la mishoniyo limadontha, ndipo makoma ake achikalewo akuyamba kugwa. Koma amayi aakulu a avirigowo akuda nkhaŵa ndi kuvunda kwina kowanda kwambiri—kugwa kwa chipembedzo chenichenicho. “Pamene ndinaloŵa pamishoni pano pafupifupi zaka 30 zapitazo, panali avirigo 40,” iye akufotokoza motero. “Tsopano tili 16 okha. Palibe atsikana. Ntchito yachipembedzo ikuchita ngati chinthu chachikale.”
Zimene zikuchitika ku Caleruega zikuchitika m’dera lalikulu la Ulaya. Palibe chisonyezero chenicheni chimene chachitika cha kuipidwa kwa anthu ndi chipembedzo, kungoti pangokhala mchitidwe wa kuchisiya mwakachetechete. Matchalitchi a ku Ulaya aakulu amakondedwa ndi alendo oona malo m’malo mwa kukopa “okhulupirika” akumaloko. Tchalitchi chimene kale chinali champhamvu—kaya chikhale cha Aprotesitanti kapena cha Akatolika—chikugonjetsedwa ndi mphwayi. Anthu akulamuliridwa ndi nkhaŵa za zinthu za dziko m’malo mwa zinthu za chipembedzo—khalidwe limene aneneri ena atchalitchi akutcha kuti udziko. Chipembedzo chilibenso ntchito. Kodi mkhalidwe wa chipembedzo ku Ulaya ungakhale kuoneratu kwa chitsanzo cha kutsika kofanana nako kumene kuti kuchitike m’mbali zina za dziko?
Kodi Nchiyani Chimene Chikuchitika kwa Opita ku Tchalitchi?
Chochitika chimenechi sichachilendo kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Alutherani a ku Scandinavia 5 peresenti okha ndiwo amene amapita ku tchalitchi nthaŵi zonse. Ku Britain 3 peresenti chabe ya amene amati ndi Aangilikani amapita kumapemphero a Lamlungu. Koma tsopano, Akatolika a kummwera kwa Ulaya achita ngati akutsanzira anansi awo akumpoto.
Ku France, dziko la Akatolika ambiri, ndi nzika imodzi yokha mwa khumi imene imapita kutchalitchi kamodzi pa mlungu. M’zaka 25 zapitazo, peresenti ya Aspanya amene ankanena kuti ndi “Akatolika enieni” yatsika kuchokera pa 83 peresenti kufika pa 31 peresenti. Mu 1992, akibishopu Ramon Torrella wachispanya anauza msonkhano wa atolankhani kuti “Spain wachikatolika kulibe; anthu amamka ku madzoma a Mlungu Wopatulika ndi ku Misa ya Krisimasi—koma osati [ku Misa ya] mlungu uliwonse.” Mkati mwa ulendo wa papa ku Madrid mu 1993, John Paul II anachenjeza kuti “Spain afunikira kubwerera kumaziko ake achikristu.”
Mkhalidwe wosakonda chipembedzo wayambukira atsogoleri achipembedzo limodzinso ndi anthu awo. Chiŵerengero cha ansembe oikidwa kumene ku France chinatsika kufikira pa 140 mu 1988 (chosafika theka la chiŵerengero cha 1970), pamene kuli kwakuti ku Spain kuli pafupifupi 8,000 amene aleka kukhala ansembe kuti akakwatire. Komanso, ena amene akupitiriza kutumikira magulu awo amakayikira za uthenga wawo. Ndi 24 peresenti yokha ya atsogoleri a Lutheran a ku Sweden amene amaganiza kuti angathe kulalikira za kumwamba ndi helo “ndi chikumbumtima chabwino,” pamene kuli kwakuti chigawo chimodzi mwa zinayi cha ansembe a ku France ali osatsimikiziradi za kuuka kwa Yesu.
Zokondweretsa ndi Zosankha Ziikidwa Patsogolo pa Chipembedzo
Kodi nchiyani chimene chikulanda malo a chipembedzo? Kusanguluka kwalanda malo a chipembedzo m’nyumba zambiri. Pamasiku a Lamlungu mabanja amamka ku magombe kapena kumapiri m’malo mopita ku tchalitchi. Juan, wachichepere wachispanya weniweni, motukula mapeŵa anati: “Kupita ku Misa kumandigwetsa ulesi.” Mapemphero achipembedzo sangapikisane ndi maseŵero a mpira kapena makonsati anyimbo zotchuka, zochitika zimene zimakoka makamu ndi kudzaza m’masitediyamu.
Kutsika kwa opita ku tchalitchi sindiko umboni wokha wa kukana chipembedzo. Azungu ambiri amakonda kudzisankhira malingaliro achipembedzo amene amakonda. Masiku ano chikhulupiriro chachikulu cha tchalitchi sichingakhale chofanana ndi zikhulupiriro zaumwini za aja amene amanena kuti ali achipembedzocho. Unyinji wa azungu—kaya akhale Akatolika kapena Aprotesitanti—sumakhulupiriranso za moyo wa pambuyo pa imfa, pamene kuli kwakuti yoposa 50 peresenti ya Akatolika amene ali Afalansa, Ataliyana, ndi Aspanya samakhulupiriranso zozizwitsa.
Akuluakulu achipembedzo achita ngati kuti alibe mphamvu yoletsera kuwonjezereka kwa kusagwirizana kochitika mofulumiraku. Makamaka zimenezi zakhala zoonekera kwambiri mu mkupiti wa papa wotsutsa kulera [birth control]. Mu 1990, Papa John Paul II analimbikitsa ogulitsa mankhwala achikatolika kuti asagulitse zinthu zoletsera mimba kukhala. Iye ananena kuti zinthu zimenezi “zimaswa malamulo achibadwa mowononga ulemu wa munthu.” Mofananamo, Catechism of the Catholic Church imaumirira kunena kuti “motero chikondi cha mwamuna ndi mkazi okwatirana chili cha nkhosi ziŵiri za kukhulupirika ndi kubala ana.”
Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo okhwima ameneŵa, mabanja a Akatolika wamba amangodzisankhira njira yawo mosasamala zimenezo. Mabanja okhala ndi ana oposa aŵiri tsopano ndiwo chosankha cha munthu ku maiko achikatolika a kummwera kwa Ulaya. Ku Spain, makondomu—amene anali kugulitsidwa monga ngati zinthu zobisa zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo—amasatsidwa pa wailesi yakanema nthaŵi zonse, ndipo 3 peresenti yokha ya akazi achikatolika ku France amanena kuti amamamatira kulamulo lalikulu lachikatolika pa kulera.
Mwachionekere, azungu akufulatira matchalitchi ndi ziphunzitso zawo. Akibishopu wa Angilikani wa Canterbury George Carey anafotokoza mwamphamvu mkhalidwe umene uli m’tchalitchi chake kuti: “Takhala tikuchucha mwazi kwakuti tikumwalira,” iyeyo anatero, “ndipo imeneyi ndi nkhani yofulumira kwambiri imene tiyenera kuyang’anizana nayo.”
Kungoyambira pamene Reformation (Kukonzanso Zinthu) kunachitika matchalitchi aakulu achipembedzo ku Ulaya aoneka kukhala ali ogwedezeka kwambiri. Kodi nchifukwa ninji azungu ambiri akhala amphwayi ndi chipembedzo? Kodi mtsogolo mwa chipembedzo ndi motani?