Kusakonda Akazi

KU West Africa munthu wa bizinesi anagula mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Ku Asia mwana wobadwa kumene anamfotsera mumchenga ali wamoyo. M’dziko lina la Kummaŵa, mwana wamng’ono wamasiye anamlekerera kuvutika ndi njala mpaka kufa—sanamfune ndipo sanamsamale. Pali chinthu chimodzi chofanana pa zinthu zoipa zonsezi: Ana onse ovutikawa anali akazi. Anali osafunika chifukwa chakuti anali akazi.

Sikuti ndi zokhazi. Mu Afirika ana aakazi ndiponso atsikana amagulitsidwa kukhala akapolo, ena pamtengo wotsika mpaka $15. Ndipo pali lipoti lakuti chaka ndi chaka atsikana ang’onoang’ono zikwi mazanamazana amagulitsidwa kapena kukakamizidwa kuyamba uhule, makamaka ku Asia. Kuwonjezera apo, kalembera m’maiko ambiri amasonyeza kuti atsikana ochuluka ofika mpaka mamiliyoni 100 “akusoŵa.” Ichi nchifukwa cha kuchotsa mimba, kupha makanda, kapena kungowalekerera akazi.

Kwa nthaŵi yaitali—zaka mazanamazana—m’maiko ambiri akazi akhala akuwaona motero. Ndipo mmalo ena adakali kuwaona choncho. Nchifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti m’maiko amenewo, amaona anyamata kukhala ofunika kwambiri. Kumeneko amakhulupirira kuti mwana wamwamuna ndiye akhoza kudzapitiriza kusunga mudzi, kutenga chuma cha banjalo, ndi kusamalira makolo atakalamba, popeza kaŵirikaŵiri maiko ameneŵa boma silithandiza okalamba. Mwambi wina wa ku Asia umati “kulera mwana wamkazi kuli ngati kuthirira mbewu m’dimba la mnzako.” Atakula, adzakwatiwa kapena adzagulitsidwa kuti azikachita uhule motero sadzathandiza kwenikweni kapena sadzathandiza nkomwe makolo okalamba.

Sathandizidwa Kwenikweni

M’maiko osauka, izi zimatanthauza kupatsa atsikana chakudya chochepa, kusakonda kuwapititsa kuchipatala, ndipo si kwenikweni kuwapititsa kusukulu. M’dziko lina ku Asia ofufuza anapeza kuti 14 peresenti ya atsikana analibe chakudya chokwana m’thupi, poyerekezera ndi anyamata 5 peresenti yokha. M’maiko ena anyamata amene amapita nawo kuchipatala amawirikiza kaŵiri chiŵerengero cha atsikana, linatero lipoti la United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Ndipo oposa 40 peresenti ya azimayi achitsikana mu Afirika ndiponso kummwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia sadziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga. “Muli tsankho pakati pa ana aamuna ndi aakazi m’maiko otukuka kumene,” anadandaula motero malemu Audrey Hepburn, yemwe anali kazembe wa UNICEF.

“Tsankho pakati pa ana aamuna ndi aakazi” limeneli silithabe atsikana atakula. Mayi amakumana ndi umphaŵi, chiwawa, ndi ntchito yotopetsa, chabe chifukwa chakuti ndi wamkazi. Pulezidenti wa World Bank ananena kuti: “Azimayi amagwira magawo aŵiri mwa atatu a ntchito zonse zadziko lapansi. . . . Komabe amalandira gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a malipiro a padziko lonse ndipo ali ndi yochepera pa 1 peresenti ya chuma chonse cha padziko. Ndiwo amodzi a anthu osaukitsitsa m’dziko lapansi.”

Malinga ndi lipoti la United Nations, oposa 70 peresenti ya anthu 1,300,000,000 a padziko lapansi amene ali pa umphaŵi ochuluka ndi azimayi. “Ndipo zikuipiraipira,” linatero lipotilo. “Chiŵerengero cha azimayi okhala mwaumphaŵi kwambiri chinakwera ndi 50% m’zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazi.” Azimayi ndiwo akukhala paumphaŵi monkirankira patsogolo.”

Koma chopweteka kwambiri kuposa umphaŵiwo ndi chiwawa chimene azimayi amavutika nacho. Chiŵerengero chongoyerekezera chokwana zikwi zana limodzi cha atsikana, makamaka mu Afirika, apundulidwa ziŵalo zoberekera. Kugwirira akazi nkofala mwakuti m’madera ena ziŵerengero zake sizidziŵika popeza sizilembedwa, ngakhale kuti pochita kafukufuku kumaoneka kuti m’madera ena mkazi mmodzi mwa asanu ndi mmodzi alionse anamgwiririrapo pamoyo wake. Nkhondo zimavutitsa amuna ndi akazi omwe, koma ambiri mwa omwe amakakamizidwa kuthaŵa pa nyumba zawo ndi azimayi ndi ana.

Amayi ndi Opeza Zosoŵa Zapanyumba

Kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito yosamalira banja imakhala m’manja mwa mayi. Mwachionekere amagwira ntchito nthaŵi yaitali ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhalanso yekha wopezera zosoŵa banja. M’madera ena akumidzi mu Afirika, pafupifupi theka la mabanja onse amatsogozedwa ndi azimayi. M’madera ena kumaiko a Kumadzulo, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha mabanja amatsogozedwa ndi akazi.

Kuwonjezera apo, makamaka m’maiko otukuka kumene, mwamwambo azimayi amagwira ntchito zina zotopetsa kwambiri, monga kukafuna madzi ndi nkhuni. Chifukwa chogwetsa mitengo mosasamala ndi kudyetsera ziŵeto mopambanitsa pamalo amodzi, ntchito zimenezi zakhala zovuta kwambiri. M’maiko ena mmene muli chilala, azimayi amatha maola atatu kapena kuposa tsiku lililonse akufunafuna nkhuni ndipo maola anayi akufunafuna madzi. Mpokhapokha chintchito chimenechi chitatha pamene akhoza kuyamba kugwira ntchito imene amafunikira kuchita panyumba kapena kumunda.

Nzodziŵikiratu kuti onse azibambo ndi azimayi amavutika m’maiko mmene muli umphaŵi, njala, kapena nkhondo. Koma azimayi amavutika moposerako. Kodi vuto limeneli lidzasintha? Kodi pali chiyembekezo chakuti azimayi adzayamba kuwachitira ulemu ndi kuwaona monga ofunika kulikonse? Kodi pali chilichonse chimene azimayi angachite tsopano kuti zinthu ziyambe kuwayendera bwino?

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 5]

Mahule Achitsikana—Kodi ndi Mlandu Wayani?

Chaka chilichonse chiŵerengero chongoyerekezera cha ana okwana miliyoni imodzi—makamaka atsikana—amakakamizidwa kapena kugulitsidwa kukachita uhule. Araya,a wa ku Southeast Asia, akukumbukira zimene zinachitikira anzake a mkalasi. “Kulvadee anakhala hule pamene anali ndi zaka 13 zokha. Anali mtsikana wabwino, koma amayi ake ankakonda kuledzera ndipo ankakonda kutchova njuga, motero sankakhala ndi nthaŵi yosamalirira mwana wawo. Amayi ake a Kulvadee ankamlimbikitsa kuti azipeza ndalama mwakunyengana ndi amuna, ndiye posapita nthaŵi anayamba kugwira ntchito yauhule.

“Mnzathu wina wa m’kalasi, Sivun, anachokera kumpoto kwa dzikoli. Anali ndi zaka 12 zokha pamene makolo ake anamtumiza ku mzinda womwe ndi likulu la dzikoli kuti azikagwira ntchito yauhule. Anafunika kugwira ntchito kwazaka ziŵiri kuti alipire kontrakiti imene makolo ake anamusainira. Sikuti ndi Sivun ndi Kulvadee okha anachita zimenezo—5 mwa atsikana 15 alionse a m’kalasi mwanga anakhala mahule.”

Pali achinyamata mamiliyoni ambiri omwe amachita ngati Sivun ndi Kulvadee. “Chiwerewere ndi ntchito yoyenda malonda kwambiri ndipo chikupita patsogolo,” anadandaula motero Wassyla Tamzali, wa UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). “Kugulitsa atsikana azaka 14 nkofala ndipo sikwachilendo.” Atsikanawa akangogulitsidwa muukapolo wochita uhule, kuti abweze ndalama zowagulirazo nthaŵi zina kumakhala kosatheka. Manju, amene abambo ake anamgulitsa ali ndi zaka 12, anali asanabwezebe $300 (U.S.) patatha zaka zisanu nziŵiri akuchita uhule. “Panalibe chilichonse chimene nkanachita—ndinapanikizika,” iye analongosola motero.

Kwa atsikanawo kupewa AIDS kukhoza kukhala kovuta monga momwe kumavutira kuthaŵa wowayang’anira. Kufufuza komwe kunachitika ku Southeast Asia kunasonyeza kuti 33 peresenti ya mahule achitsikanawa anali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa AIDS. Malinga ngati malonda a chiwerewere a madola mabiliyoni asanuŵa apitiriza kuyenda choncho, nzodziŵikiratu kuti atsikanawa apitirizabe kuvutika.

Kodi ndani amene tingamuimbe mlandu chifukwa cha machitidwe oipawa? Mwachionekere, amene amagula ndi kugulitsa atsikana kukachita uhule ndiwo ali ndi mlandu waukulu. Komanso ena olakwa ndi azibambo a khalidwe loipa amene amagona ndi atsikanawa podzisangalatsa pa zofuna zawo zakugonana. Chifukwa pakadapanda ochita zachiwerewerewo, atsikanawa sakanakhala mahule.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi]

Chaka chilichonse pafupifupi atsikana okwana miliyoni imodzi amakakamizidwa kuyamba ntchito yauhule

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 6]

Ntchito ya Mayi Patsiku mu Central Africa

Mayi amadzuka 6 koloko nkukonza chakudya chammaŵa cha banjalo ndi iyemwini, chimene amadya kadzuŵa katakwera pang’ono. Atakatunga madzi kumtsinje, amapita kumunda—umene umatheka kukhala pa mtunda wokwanira kuyenda ola limodzi.

Amafika mpaka 4 koloko madzulo akulima, kupalira, kapena kuthirira mbewu, ndipo amangolekezako pang’ono kuti adye chakudya chimene wabwera nacho. Maola aŵiri otsalawo amatolera nkhuni ndi kufuna chigwada kapena ndiwo zina zamasamba kuti banja likadye—zonsezo amatenga kupita nazo kunyumba.

Kaŵirikaŵiri amafika panyumba dzuŵa likuloŵa. Ndiye pamakhala ntchito yokonza chakudya chamadzulo yomwe imatenga maola aŵiri kapena kuposerapo. Lamlungu lililonse amakachapa zovala kumtsinje ndiye kenaka kusita zovalazo zitauma.

Ndi mwakamodzikamodzi kuti mwamuna wake amayamikira ntchito yotopetsa yonseyi ndiponso samvera malingaliro ake. Mwamunayo amagwetsa mitengo kapena kutentha tchire kuti mkaziyo alime poti abzale, koma iye amangogwirako ntchito yochepa chabe. Mwakamodzikamodzi amatenga ana kupita nawo kumtsinje kuti akasambe, iye mwina amasaka kapena kuŵedza pang’ono. Koma amathera nthaŵi yambiri kucheza ndi amuna anzake m’mudzi.

Ngati mwamunayo angathe, pakatha zaka zochepa amakwatira mkazi wina wachitsikana, nayamba kumamkonda kwambiri ameneyo. Komabe mkazi wake woyamba uja amamyembekezera kumagwirabe ntchito monga kale, mpaka thupi lake litafooka kapena atamwalira.

Azimayi a mu Afirika amagwira ntchito yambiri