Kuyamikira Akazi ndi Ntchito Zomwe Amagwira

ZAKA zikwi zitatu zapitazo, munthu wotchedwa Lemueli analongosola momveka bwino za mkazi wabwino. Izi zinalembedwa m’Baibulo pa Miyambo chaputala 31. Mkaziyo amene ntchito zake anaziyamikira mosakayika ankatangwanika ndi ntchito. Ankasamalira banja lake, kugulitsa zinthu kumsika, kugula ndi kugulitsa minda, kusokera banja lake zovala, ndiponso ankalima kumunda.

Sikuti mkazi ameneyu ankangompenyerera. ‘Ana ake anamutcha wodala, mwamuna wake anamtama.’ Mkazi wotere ndi chuma. Baibulo limati, “Pakuti mtengo wake uposa ngale.”—Miyambo 31:10-28.

Kuchokera m’nthaŵi ya Lemueli, ntchito za akazi zasintha, ndipo zakhala zovuta kwambiri. M’zaka za zana lino la 20 kaŵirikaŵiri iwo ndi akazi apanyumba, anakubala, olera ndi kuphunzitsa ana, wopeza zosoŵa za panyumba, ndi olima—zonse panthaŵi imodzi. Akazi osaŵerengeka amagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti aonetsetse kuti ana awo ali ndi chakudya. Kodi akazi onseŵa nawonso safunikira kuthokozedwa ndi kutamandidwa?

Akazi Monga Opeza Zosoŵa Zapanyumba

Kuposa kale, masiku ano akazi ambiri amachoka panyumba pawo kupita kukagwira ntchito kuti athandize banja lawo mwinanso amadyetsa okha banjalo. Buku lotchedwa kuti Women and the World Economic Crisis linanena za lipoti limene linati: “Ntchito za pakhomo sindizo zokha zimene azimayi amagwira. Pali akazi ochepa chabe padziko lapansi amene akhoza kunena kuti ndi ‘wokhala pakhomo chabe.’” Ndipo ndi mwakamodzikamodzi kuti ntchito ya akazi ikhale yosavuta. Ngakhale kuti osatsa malonda m’magazini ndi pa TV amasonyeza akazi monga apamwamba m’maofesi okongola, kaŵirikaŵiri zoona zenizeni sizili choncho. Akazi ochuluka kwambiri m’dziko amagwira ntchito maola ambiri kuti alandire malipiro ochepa.

Akazi mamiliyoni mazanamazana amagwira ntchito yolimirira mbewu kumunda, kulima kudimba, kapena kudyetsa ziŵeto. Ntchito imeneyi—yamalipiro pang’ono kapena yosalipidwa—imadyetsa theka la dziko lonse. “Mu Afirika, 70 peresenti ya chakudya amalima ndi akazi, ku Asia chiŵerengerocho ndi kuyambira 50 kufika 60 peresenti ndipo ku Latin America ndi 30 peresenti,” linatero buku lotchedwa Women and the Environment.

Akazi akaloŵa ntchito yolipidwa, kaŵirikaŵiri amalandira malipiro ochepa poyerekeza ndi amuna, chabe chifukwa chakuti ndi akazi. Kusakonda akazi kumeneku nkoŵaŵa kwambiri kwa nakubala amene amapezera banja zosoŵa, machitidwe omwe akupitirizabe kukhala ofala. Lipoti la United Nations linayerekezera kuti pakati pa 30 ndi 50 peresenti ya anthu a panyumba mu Afirika, Caribbean, ndi Latin America amadalira mayi kuti aŵadyetse. Ndipo ngakhale m’maiko olemera, akazi ochulukirachulukira akukhala opezera banja zosoŵa.

Umphaŵi m’madera akumidzi m’maiko otukuka kumene ukupangitsa kuti zimenezi zikhale zofala. Bambo amene akuona kuti zikumvuta kudyetsa banja lake amasankha kupita ku mzinda wapafupi mwina ngakhale kudziko lina kuti akapeze ntchito. Amasiya mkazi wake kuti ndiye azisamalira banjalo. Akachita mwaŵi kuipeza ntchito, amatumiza ndalama kunyumba. Ngakhale kuti amakhala nzolinga zabwino, kaŵirikaŵiri izi sizipitirira. Banja lomwe analisiya kumbuyo limayamba kusauka kwambiri ndipo limangodalira mayiyo.

Zoipa zimenezi zomwe zimatchedwa “kusiyira akazi umphaŵi,” zimavutitsa akazi kwambiri. “Mabanja otsogozedwa ndi akazi, omwe mongoyerekezera ali chigawo chimodzi mwa zitatu cha mabanja onse padziko lonse, kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala osaukirapo poyerekezera ndi mabanja otsogozedwa ndi anthu amuna, ndipo chiŵerengero cha mabanja oterowo chikuwonjezereka,” linatero buku lotchedwa Women and Health. Koma ngakhale kupezera banja zakudya nkovuta, ili si vuto lokha limene akazi amapeza.

Anakubala Ndiponso Aphunzitsi

Nakubala amayeneranso kusamalira za kuphunzitsa ana makhalidwe abwino. Amakhala patsogolo kuthandiza mwana kuphunzira kusonyeza chikondi—maphunziro omwe amakhala ofunika mofanana ndi kumpezera zosoŵa pa moyo wake. Kuti mwana akule ndi makhalidwe abwino, amafunika chokondi ndi chitetezero pamene akukula. Kachiŵirinso, udindo wa mayi ndi wovuta.

M’buku lakuti The Developing Child, Helen Bee analemba kuti: “Kholo lachikondi limasamala mwana wake, limamsonyeza chikondi, kaŵirikaŵiri kapena nthaŵi zonse limaika zofuna za mwana patsogolo, limasonyeza chidwi pa zochita za mwana, ndipo limayankha mwachikondi malingaliro a mwana.” Ana amene anasonyezedwa chikondi chimenechi ndi mayi ndithudi ayenera kumuyamikira.—Miyambo 23:22.

Mwakumyamwitsa, amayi ambiri amasonyeza mwana wawo chikondi, kumtetezera kuyambira atangobadwa. Makamaka m’mabanja osauka mkaka wa mayi ndi mphatso yamtengo wapatali yomwe iye akhoza kupatsa mwana wake wobadwa kumene. (Onani bokosi pamasamba 10-11.) Mosangalatsa Baibulo limatiuza kuti mtumwi Paulo anayerekezera chikondi chake kwa Akristu a ku Tesalonika ndi chija cha “mlezi” amene “afukata ana ake.”—1 Atesalonika 2:7, 8.

Kuwonjezera pa kudyetsa ndi kusangalatsa ana, mayi amakhala patsogolo kuwaphunzitsa. “Mwananga, tamva mwambo wa atate wako, ndi kusasiya chilangizo cha amako,” limalangiza motero Baibulo posonyeza kuyamikira ntchito ya akazi yophunzitsa ana awo. (Miyambo 1:8) Amakhala mayi kapena agogo akazi amene amaphunzitsa mwana kulankhula, kuyenda, ndi kugwira ntchito zapakhomo kuphatikizapo zinthu zina zambiri.

Chifundo Chimafunika Kwambiri

Mphatso ina yaikulu kwambiri imene akazi angapatse mabanja awo ndi chifundo. Pamene wina adwala m’banja, mayi amayamba kumsamalira, pamene akuchitanso ntchito zake zina zonse. “Akazi ndiwo amagwira ntchito yambiri yosamalira odwala,” linatero buku lotchedwa kuti Women and Health.

Chifukwa cha chifundo chake mayi amatha kudya pang’ono iye mwini kuti ana ake asakhale ndi njala. Ofufuza anapeza kuti akazi ena amaona ngati kuti akudya mokwanira ngakhale sadya zakudya zokwanira. Iwo anazoloŵera kupatsa amuna awo ndi ana zakudya zambiri ndipo malinga iwo ali ndi mphamvu zotha kugwira ntchito amaona ngati kuti akudya mokwanira.

Nthaŵi zina chifundo cha mayi chimaonekera ndi mmene amakondera chilengedwe. Amakonda za chilengedwe chifukwa amavutika pamene m’dziko mwachita chilala, chipululu kapenanso mitengo ikasolotsedwa. M’tauni ina ku India, azimayi anakwiya kwambiri pamene anamva kuti kampani ina yocheka matabwa inkafuna kudula mitengo 2,500 m’nkhalango yapafupi nawo. Azimayi ankafuna mitengo imeneyo kuti apeze chakudya, nkhuni, ndiponso chakudya cha ziŵeto. Pamene odula mitengowo anafika, azimayiwo anali atafika kale pamalowo, atagwirana manja, kuzungulira mitengoyo kuiteteza. ‘Mutidule kaye makosi ngati mukufuna kudula mitengoyi,’ azimayiwo anauza odula mitengowo. Nkhalangoyo inapulumuka.

“Mumpatse Mphotho Yomuyenerera”

Kaya mayi panyumba ndi wopeza zakudya, nakubala, mphunzitsi, kapena ndiye magwero a chifundo, amafunikira ulemu ndi kuonedwa monga wofunika, malinga ndi ntchito yake. Mwamuna wanzeruyo Lemueli, amene analankhula zabwino kwambiri za mkazi wabwino, anaona ntchito za mkazi ndi uphungu wake monga zofunika. Ndipo Baibulo limasonyeza kuti uthenga wakewu anautenga pa malangizo amene amayi ake anamlangiza. (Miyambo 31:1) Lemueli anakhulupirira kuti mkazi ndiponso mayi wabwino sitiyenera kungomtenga kuti basi ndi mmene alili. “Mumpatse mphotho yomuyenerera; ntchito zake zimpangitse kutamandidwa,” iye analemba motero.—Miyambo 31:31, NIV.

Komabe pamene Lemueli analemba mawu ameneŵa, sankangolemba malingaliro a anthu. Zinalembedwa m’Baibulo, lomwe ndi Mawu a Mulungu. “Lemba lililonse adaliuzira Mulungu.” (2 Timoteo 3:16) Malingaliro amenewo amasonyeza mmene Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse amaonera akazi, popeza Mulungu adauzira ndime zimenezo m’Baibulo kuti zitilangize.

Kuwonjezera apo, Mawu a Mulungu ouziridwa amanena kuti amuna ayenera ‘kuchitira akazi [awo] ulemu.’ (1 Petro 3:7) Ndipo pa Aefeso 5:33, mwamuna akuuzidwa kuti: “Yense akonde mkazi wake wa iye yekha, monga adzikonda yekha.” Ndithudi, Aefeso 5:25 amati: “Amuna inu, kondani akazi anu, monganso Kristu anakonda Eklesia, nadzipereka yekha m’malo mwake.” Ndithudi, Kristu anasonyeza chikondi chotero kwa ophunzira ake ndipo anali wofunitsitsa kuwafera. Ndi chitsanzo chabwino chopanda dyera chotani nanga chimene anasiyira amuna! Ndipo zimene Yesu amaphunzitsa ndi mmene ankakhalira zinasonyeza khalidwe la Mulungu, zinalembedwa m’Baibulo kuti zitithandize.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti amagwira ntchito zambiri mwakhama, akazi ambiri amayamikiridwa mwakamodzikamodzi pa zimene amachitazo. Kodi angawongolere bwanji zinthu mmoyo ngakhale tsopano? Komanso, kodi pali mwaŵi wakuti zinthu zidzasintha ndipo anthu adzayamba kuwaona ndi malingaliro osiyanako? Kodi akazi ali ndi tsogolo lotani?

[Bokosi/Chithunzi pamasamba 10, 11]

Njira Zitatu Mmene Mkazi Angachitire Kuti Zinthu Zizimuyendera Bwino

Maphunziro. Pali akazi osadziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga pafupifupi 600 miliyoni padziko lonse—ambiri mwa iwo sanakhalepo ndi mwayi wopita ku sukulu. Mwina inunso simunaphunzire kwenikweni, koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti simungadziphunzitse nokha ayi. Si zapafupi, koma akazi ambiri azikwanitsa. “Kulingalira za chipembedzo kutha kulimbikitsa achikulire kuti aphunzire kulemba ndi kuŵerenga,” linatero buku lotchedwa Women and Literacy. Kudziŵa kuŵerenga Baibulo inu mwini ndi mphotho yabwino pa kuphunzira kwanu kuŵerenga. Koma pali mapindu enanso ambiri.

Si chabe kuti mayi wodziŵa kuŵerenga ndi kulemba amakhala ndi mpata waukulu wopezera chuma, komanso akhoza kuphunzira njira zokhalira ndi thanzi labwino. Dera la Kerala ku India ndi chitsanzo chabwino pa mapindu odziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga. Ngakhale kuti pazachuma dera limeneli nlosauka, 87 peresenti ya akazi akumeneko amadziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga. Komanso m’chigawo chimenechi imfa za makanda nzocheperapo nthaŵi zisanu poyerekezera ndi madera ena a India; pa avareji, munthu wamkazi amakhala ndi moyo zaka zowonjezereka 15; ndipo atsikana onse amapita kusukulu.

Mwachibadwa, mayi wodziŵa kuŵerenga ndi kulemba amalimbikitsa ana ake kuphunzira—chomwe ndi chinthu chofunika zedi. Kuphunzitsa atsikana nkwaphindu kwambiri. Palibe chinanso chomwe chingapititse patsogolo thanzi la banja ndi miyoyo ya akazi iwo eni, linatero buku lina lolembedwa ndi United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) lotchedwa The State of the World’s Children 1991. Osakayikira, kudziŵa kuŵerenga ndi kulemba kudzakuthandizani kuti mukhale mayi wabwino ndi wopezera banja zakudya wabwino.a

Umoyo. Monga mayi, muyenera kudziyang’anira nokha, makamaka ngati muli ndi pathupi kapena mukuyamwitsa mwana. Kodi mukhoza kumadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi? Pafupifupi chigawo chimodzi mwa zitatu cha akazi apakati mu Afirika kuphatikizaponso kumwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia atawapima akhoza kupezeka kuti alibe magazi. Kuwonjezera pa kusakhala ndi mphamvu, kuchepa magazi m’thupi kumawonjezera ngozi yomwe ikhoza kukhalapo pobala ndiponso kumapereka mpata woti nkudwala malungo. Ngakhale kuti nyama ndi nsomba zingakhale zosoŵa ndiponso zokwera mtengo, mazira ndi zipatso zokhala ndi iron kapena ndiwo zamasamba mwina zikhoza kupezeka. Musalole zikhulupiriro kukupangitsani kuleka kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndipo osalola kuti mwambo wakwanuko ukulepheretseni kudya nawo zakudya panyumba panu.b

Kuyamwitsa nkwabwino kwa inu ndiponso kwa mwana wanu. Mkaka wa m’maŵere ndi wotsika mtengo, waukhondo, ndiponso wopatsa thanzi kuposa china chilichonse chomwe mungadyetse mwana. Bungwe la UNICEF limati ana okwana miliyoni imodzi sangamafe ngati azimayi angamayamwitse ana kwa miyezi inayi kufikira isanu ndi umodzi mwanayo atabadwa. Nzoona kuti ngati mayi ali ndi matenda opatsirana omwe mwanayo angatengere mu mkaka wa amake, angagwiritsire ntchito njira ina yomdyetsera.

Onetsetsani kuti m’nyumba mukuloŵa mphweya wokwanira ngati mumasonkha moto ndi kuphikira m’nyumba. “Kukhala mu utsi ndi mpweya woipa ndiko chowononga thanzi kwambiri pamene munthu akugwira ntchito chomwe chikudziŵika masiku ano,” linachenjeza motero buku la Women and Health.

Osasuta fodya kaya akulimbikitseni chotani. Osatsa fodya m’maiko otukuka kumene akuyesetsa kulimbikitsa akazi, kufuna kuwapangitsa kukhulupirira kuti kusuta ndi moyo wotsogola. Izi si zoona. Kusuta kumawononga ana anu ndiponso kukhoza kukuphani. Kwaoneka kuti chigawo chimodzi mwa zinayi za omwe amasuta pambuyo pake amafa nchizoloŵezi chawo chosutacho. Kuwonjezera apo, akatswiri odziŵa za fodya amachenjeza kuti pali mpata wakuti munthu amene wangoyamba kumene kusuta akhale ndi chizoloŵezi chosuta fodya.

Ukhondo. Chitsanzo ndi malangizo anu ponena za ukhondo ndi chofunika kwambiri paukhondo wabanja lanu. Buku lotchedwa kuti Facts for Life limanena mfundo izi ponena za ukhondo wabwino:

• Sambani m’manja ndi sopo ndi madzi musanagwire chakudya ngati mukuchokera kuchimbudzi. Onetsetsani kuti ana anu asamba m’manja asanayambe kudya.

• Gwiritsirani ntchito chimbudzi ndipo chizikhala chaudongo ndi chovundikira. Ngati izi nzosatheka, kachitireni chimbudzi kutali ndi nyumba yanu ndipo fotserani chimbudzicho mwamsanga.—Yerekezerani ndi Deuteronomo 23:12, 13.

• Yesetsani kuti panyumba panu muzigwiritsira ntchito madzi abwino oyera. Kuti izi zitheke, muzivundikira zitsime ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ziŵiya zoyera potunga madzi.

• Ngati sikungatheke kupeza madzi akumwa abwino, muziphitsa madzi ndiye alekeni kuti azizire musanayambe kumwa. Ngakhale kuti madzi angaoneke oyera, akhoza kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

• Kumbukirani kuti chakudya chosaphika nchosakayikitsa kuti chikhoza kufalitsa matenda. Chakudya chomwe mumangodya osaphika muyenera kuchitsuka musanayambe kudya ndiye nkuchidya mwamsanga. Chakudya china muyenera kuchiphika bwino, makamaka nyama ndi nkhuku.

• Muyenera kumavundikira chakudya kuti tizilombo ndi nyama zina zisaikeko tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

• Tenthani kapena kufotsera zinyalala za pakhomo.c

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 8]

Akazi ambiri m’maiko a Kumadzulo amagwira ntchito m’maofesi

[Chithunzi pamasamba 8, 9]

Akazi ambiri amagwira ntchito m’malo oipa

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Godo-Foto

[Chithunzi patsamba 9]

Anakubala ndi aphunzitsi panyumba