Zikhadabo Zanu Zakumanja Kodi Mumazisamalira?
Yolembedwa ndi mtolankhani wa Galamukani! ku Sweden
WINA atakupemphani kuti, “Tandionetsani zikhadabo zanu” kodi mungatani? Kodi mungamsonyeze zikhadabo zanu zosamalidwa bwino mosachita manyazi, kapena kodi pamenepo mungabise manja anu kumbuyo? Mwina mungakhale ndi chifukwa chabwino chobisira zikhadabo zanu. Mwina zangokhala kuti sizikuoneka bwino, kapena mwina mumakonda kuziluma. Kudziŵa zambiri ponena za kapangidwe kodabwitsa ka zikhadabo zathu kudzatithandiza kuzidziŵa bwino ndipo kungatichititse kuzisamalira bwino.
Zikhadabo zanu kwenikweni nzopangidwa ndi maselo olimba akufa amene ali ndi nkhosi za maproteni otchedwa keratin. Kutalika kwa zikhadabo kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chala chake ndi munthu wake. Zikhadabo zimakula pa avareji ya mamilimita ngati atatu mwezi uliwonse. Zikhadabo zosaŵengedwa zongosiyidwa kuti zikule zingatalike kwambiri. Malinga nkunena kwa buku lotchedwa The Guinness Book of World Records 1998, mwamuna wina wa ku India analola zikhadabo zake zisanu za kudzanja lake lamanzere kukula kufika pautali wa masentimita 574 onse pamodzi. Chikhadabo cha kuchala chake chamanthu chinafika masentimita 132.
Kapangidwe Kocholoŵana
Kungochiyang’ana kamodzi, mungaganize kuti chikhadabo changokhala chidutswa chimodzi basi, chimene mukuonacho. Choncho mungadabwe kudziŵa kuti zikhadabo zili ndi mbali zingapo zazikulu zoonekera ndi zinanso zimene simungaone. Tiyeni tionetsetse kapangidwe ka chikhadabo.
1. Nail plate. Imeneyi ndi mbali yolimba imene timaitcha chikhadabo. Nail plate imeneyi ili ndi miyalo iŵiri, muyalo wapamwamba ndi muyalo wapansi. Maselo a miyalo iŵiri imeneyi ngolinganizidwa mosiyana ndiponso amakula pamlingo wosiyana. Pamwamba pa chikhadabo mposalala, pamene mkati mwake muli mizere yotsatizana ndi mizere ya pansi pamene chikhadabocho chinagona. Mizere imeneyi njosiyana mwa munthu aliyense ndipo ingakhalenso chizindikiro cha munthu.
2. Lunule. Imeneyi ndi mbali yoyera yooneka ngati kamwezi ya m’tsinde mwa chikhadabo. Si zala zonse zimene zimaonetsa mbali imeneyi. Chikhadabo chimamera kuchokera mumnofu wina waung’ono umene uli m’tsinde mwa chikhadabocho, wotchedwa kuti matrix. Imeneyi ndiyo mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chikhadabo. Lunule ili mapeto a matrix ya chikhadabo ndipo ndi mbali yoonekera ya maselo amoyo ya chikhadabo. Mbali ina yonseyo ya chikhadabo njopangidwa ndi maselo akufa.
3. Nail folds, proximal ndi lateral (Khungu lopindika, lomamatizana ndi chikhadabo ndiponso la mmbali mwake). Limeneli ndi khungu lozungulira chikhadabo. Khunguli silithera pachikhadabo koma nlopindikira mkati ndipo limabisa tsinde la chikhadabo. Khungu limeneli limatetezera ndi kuchirikiza malo ozungulira chikhadabo.
4. Eponychium. Limeneli ndi khungu lopindika laling’ono kwambiri limene limaoneka kuti likuthera m’tsinde mwa chikhadabo. Nthaŵi zina, khungu limeneli limatchedwanso kuti cuticle.
5. Cuticle. Cuticle yeniyeni ndi khungu lomwe lili kunsi kwa eponychium. Ndilo khungu limene likufundula lopanda mtundu lomamatira pamwamba pa chikhadabo koma m’tsinde mwake.
6. Nsonga ya chikhadabo. Mbali ya chikhadabo imene imakula kupitirira nsonga ya chala.
7. Hyponychium. Pamene mnofu unagwira chikhadabo mmunsi mwa nsonga ya chikhadabocho kuti pasaloŵe madzi, kutetezera pogona chikhadabo ku matenda.
Kufunika Kwake
Zikhadabo zathu nzofunika pazinthu zambiri, monga pokanda. Zimathandiza posenda lalanje, kumasula mfundo, kapena ponyamula zinthu zazing’ono kwambiri. Ndiponso, zikhadabo zimachirikiza ndi kutetezera nsonga zofeŵa ndiponso zosalimba za zala.
Kukongola kwa zikhadabo nkofunikanso. Zikhadabo zathu zingasonyeze udongo kapena uve. Zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri pamagesichala a masiku onse, ndipo ngati zisamalidwa bwino, zimakongoletsa manja athu. Popanda izo, tingamalephere kuchita zinthu zina zatsiku ndi tsiku, ndiponso manja athu angaoneke kukhala opereŵera.
Kuzisamalira Bwino Kumazilimbitsa
Pokhala mbali ya thupi lathu lodabwitsa, zikhadabo zathu ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino. Ngati muli ndi matenda ovuta a zikhadabo, kaonaneni ndi dokotala. Kwenikweni, nsonga za zala zanu zingasonyeze zizindikiro za matenda ena. Inde, ena amati matenda ena angadziŵidwe mwa kuyang’ana zikhadabo zanu.
Kodi kudya calcium kapena mavitameni owonjezereka kungalimbitse zikhadabo? Poyankha funso limenelo, Profesa Bo Forslind, wofufuza zamaphunziro a zikhadabo pa Karolinska Institute ku Stockholm, Sweden, anauza Galamukani! kuti: “Palibe umboni wochirikiza lingaliro limenelo. Kupenda unyinji wa calcium m’zikhadabo zabwino kumangosonyeza kuti muli calcium wochepa kwenikweni.”
Komabe, chimene chimathandizadi zikhadabo zanu kukhala zolimba komanso zofeŵa ndicho madzi. Monga momwe tatchulira poyamba, zikhadabo zili ndi keratin. Nkhosi za keratin zimenezi zimafuna madzi kuti zikhale zofeŵa. Profesa Forslind anapereka chitsanzo kuti: “Ngakhale kuti chikhadabo chanu chingakhale chofeŵa mutangochiŵenga kumene, chikhadabo choŵengedwa chimodzimodzicho sichidzakhala chofeŵa pamene chauma usiku.” Chinyontho chidzachititsa zikhadabo zanu kukhala zofeŵa ndiponso zolimba. Koma kodi chinyontho chimenechi chimachokera kuti? Chikhadabo chimaoneka ngati cholimba, koma madzi amatha kuloŵa. Chinyontho chochokera pogona chikhadabo chimakwera kupyola m’chikhadabocho kufika pamwamba pake, ndipo kenaka chimauma. Kodi mungachitenji kuti zikhadabo zanu zisaume ndipo zikhalebe zolimba? Profesa Forslind anati: “Kuzipaka mafuta masiku onse kumathandiza.”
Kusamalira Kukula ndi Kukongola Kwake
Popeza kuti chikhadabo chimamera mu matrix, kusamalira bwino mbali imeneyi ya chikhadabo nkofunika kwambiri. Kusonkhezera matrix mwa kupaka krimu kapena mafuta kungapindulitse chikhadabo. Ndiponso, kuthonyetsa dontho limodzi la mafuta mmunsi mwa nsonga ya zikhadabo kungakhalenso kothandiza, popeza kumachititsa kuti chikhadabo chisaume.
Zikhadabo zanu zingalimbe kapena kufooka malinga ndi mmene mumazikwechesera kapena mmene mumaziŵengera. Kuli bwino kukwechesa zikhadabo zanu kuchokera m’mbali kupita chapakati. Kumbukirani kuti kukwechesa ngodya zake kungafooketse chikhadabo. Zimenezi zidzapangitsa kuti chikhadabo chikhale ndi nsonga yaing’ono, mpangidwe wofooka kwambiri pamipangidwe yonse, popeza kuti chikhadabocho sichimachirikizidwa m’mbali. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba ndiponso zazifupi, kuli bwino kuti muzilola zikhadabo zanu kukula kufika mamilimita ngati 1.5 m’mbali kenako nkuzikwechesa kuti zikhale ndi nsonga yozungulira motsatira mpangidwe wa nsonga ya chala.
Akazi ena amafuna kuti zikhadabo zawo zizikhala zazitali. Koma nali chenjezo. Zikhadabo zazitali kwambiri zingachititse ena kukudabwani mosayenerera ndiponso zingakulepheretseni kuchita ntchito zamasiku onse. Choncho khalani wosamala ponena za utali wa zikhadabo zanu. Ngati mutero, zikhadabo zanu zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri ndipo zidzapereka chithunzi chabwino kwa ena.
Musayese kuyeretsa mkati mwa zikhadabo zanu ndi chinthu chakuthwa, akatswiri amatero. Kutero kungawononge hyponychium, khungu limene lili m’tsinde mwa nsonga ya chikhadabo. Khungu limeneli limatsekeratu mpata wa pakati pa chala ndi chikhadabo, kutetezera mbali ya mmunsi ya chikhadabo. Malowa atawonongedwa, chikhadabo chingachoke mumnofu umene chinameramo ndi kutenga matenda. Kuti muyeretse mkati mwa zikhadabo, gwiritsirani ntchito bulasho lofeŵa kwambiri.
Kwenikweni, zikhadabo zolimba ndiponso zokula bwino zimakhala zachibadwa. Ndiye chifukwa chake anthu ena ali ndi zikhadabo zolimba komanso zofeŵa, pamene ena ali ndi zikhadabo zouma. Mulimonse mmene zikhadabo zanu zingakhalire, mungathe kuwongolera kaonekedwe kake mwa kuzisamalira bwino nthaŵi zonse. Inde, kumvetsa kapangidwe ka zikhadabo, ntchito yake, ndi kasamaliridwe kake kabwino kudzakupatsani chidziŵitso. Kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chimenechi mwanzeru kudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino.
Zikhadabo zilidi mbali yodabwitsa ya thupi la munthu. Kapangidwe kake ndiponso ntchito yake zimachitira umboni nzeru zakuya zimene zinalenga zikhadabozo. Mfumu Davide wa m’nthaŵi zakale anafotokoza chidwi chomwe anali nacho kwa Mlengi wake, monga momwe timaŵerengera pa Salmo 139:14 kuti: “Ndikuyamikani chifukwa kuti chipangidwe changa nchoopsa ndi chodabwiza; ntchito zanu nzodabwiza; moyo wanga uchidziŵa ichi bwino ndithu.”
[Chithunzi patsamba 17]
(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)
1. Nail plate;
2. lunule;
3. khungu lopindika, lomamatizana ndi chikhadabo ndiponso la mmbali mwake;
4. eponychium;
5. cuticle;
6. nsonga ya chikhadabo;
7. hyponychium;
8. matrix;
9. pogona chikhadabo